Take the Present Perfect Progressive challenge!

637,522 views ใƒป 2018-01-16

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hello.
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00:01
My name is Emma and in today's video we are going to talk about grammar, and specifically
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚
็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง ใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„
00:07
we are going to talk about the present perfect progressive, and this video is a bit special
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ใซใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏๅฐ‘ใ—็‰นๅˆฅใงใ™ใ€‚
00:15
because in this video I am going to challenge you to use the present perfect progressive
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใง ใฏ็พๅœจๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ไปŠ้€ฑ
00:20
in a sentence or in a conversation this week.
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ใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏไผš่ฉฑใงๅฎŒๅ…จ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝข .
00:24
Okay? So, maybe you've heard of the Ice Bucket Challenge, well, this isn't that.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚น ใƒใ‚ฑใƒ„ ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซใคใ„ใฆ่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:29
This is the: "Present Perfect Progressive Challenge".
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ€Œใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒˆใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆ ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ฐใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒ–ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:33
And I hope you do this.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:35
So, here's the challenge:
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่ชฒ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
00:37
Use present perfect progressive tense in one conversation this week.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠ้€ฑใฎ 1 ใคใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:41
So, in order to do this, first I'm going to teach you: What is the present perfect progressive?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใพใšๆ•™ใˆ ใพใ™: ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:48
We can also call it the present perfect continuous, you might know it by that name.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใจๅ‘ผใถใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅๅ‰ใง็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:52
So I'm going to talk about what it is, why we use it.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
I'm going to teach you about the form of it, so: How does it look?
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ใใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ ใฎใงใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:01
And then we're going to practice it and we're going to talk about how we can actually use
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
01:06
this in a conversation.
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.
01:08
Because I know what happens with many students, they go to class or, you know, they're studying
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็งใฏๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿใซไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŽˆๆฅญใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€
01:13
online and they find these great grammar worksheets or resources, and they do them at home and
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ใ‚ชใƒณใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ„ชใ‚ŒใŸๆ–‡ๆณ•ใƒฏใƒผใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆ ใ‚„ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ€ๅฎถใงใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:19
it's great on paper, but then when they're actually in a conversation they get scared
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
01:25
about making a mistake or they can't remember the grammar, and so they don't use it.
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ใฎใŒๆ€–ใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ๆ€ใ„ๅ‡บใ›ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ‚ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:30
So this video is more practical because I want you to use this grammar.
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ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฏใ€ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใŸใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๅฎŸ็”จ็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
Okay, so let's look at some examples of the present perfect continuous or present perfect progressive.
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ใงใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:44
That's going to get tiring to say.
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ใใ†ใฏ ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚็–ฒใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
It's such a long grammatical term, so if I make a mistake, you know, when I'm saying
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ใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใ„ๆ–‡ๆณ•็”จ่ชžใช ใฎใงใ€้–“้•ใˆ
01:50
the word, don't mind that.
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ใฆใ‚‚ๆฐ—ใซใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:53
Okay, so I have some examples here.
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
My first one: "I have"-so this is part of the form-"been working at my company for 5 years".
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็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ‚‚ใฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€-ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™-ใ€Œ็งใฎไผš็คพใง5ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€.
02:07
So, just take a moment to think about that.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:10
"I have been working at my company for 5 years."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไผš็คพใง5ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:14
Now, let's look at another example.
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ใงใฏใ€ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
02:15
We're going to compare some examples, and then think about what they all mean.
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒใ—ใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:19
"He has been dating my friend for 2 months.
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ ๅ‹้”ใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆ2ใƒถๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚
02:29
He has been dating my friend for 2 months."
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ๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ ๅ‹้”ใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆ2ใƒถๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:33
Let's look at a third example: "We have been studying English forever."
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3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใŸใก ใฏใšใฃใจ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
02:43
[Laughs] Sometimes it might feel that way, but you know, bear with me.
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ› ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ”ไบ†ๆ‰ฟใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:48
"We have been studying English forever."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ ๆฐธ้ ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
02:51
Okay, so what do these sentences have in common?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ ๆ–‡ใฎๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
02:54
Well, first of all you probably realize these are all present perfect progressive sentences,
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ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ ใฏใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๆ–‡
03:01
and they have a lot of things in common.
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ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅคšใ ใฎๅ…ฑ้€š็‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:03
The main thing that we're using the present perfect progressive for is we're talking about
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไธป ใช็›ฎ็š„ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
03:09
how long, so how long something is happening.
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ใ€‚
03:14
Okay? So we're talking about the duration of time, how long something happens for.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆŒ็ถšๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใคใพใ‚Šไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
So you'll notice: "I have been working at my company for 5 years."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไผš็คพใง 5 ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:25
Five years is an amount of time.
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5ๅนดใฏๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:29
"He has been dating my friend for 2 months."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใฎ ๅ‹้”ใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆ2ใƒถๆœˆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:33
Two months is a period of time.
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2ใƒถๆœˆใฏๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:37
"We have been studying English forever."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ ๆฐธ้ ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
03:40
Forever is a very long period of time.
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ๆฐธ้ ใฏ้žๅธธใซ ้•ทใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:44
Okay? So we're talking about periods of time when we're talking about the present perfect progressive,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ใคใพใ‚Š ใ€ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“
03:50
and we're really answering the question: "How long?" or "How much time?"
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ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่ณชๅ•ใซๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆ™‚้–“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
03:55
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:57
So now let's talk a little bit more about the meaning and the form.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏ ใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใจๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:01
Okay, so we've looked at some examples of the present perfect progressive, and let's
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ใ•ใฆใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใใŸใฎใง
04:08
think a little bit more about the meaning.
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ใ€ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:10
I've drawn here a timeline.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ๆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:12
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:13
So this is now, today, right now; this is the future; and this is the past.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไปŠใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใพใ•ใซไปŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ŽๅŽปใงใ™ใ€‚
04:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:23
So when we're talking about the...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ...
04:25
Well, actually any grammar, what can be really helpful is looking at timelines, they can
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ใˆใˆใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡ๆณ•ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ ๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใฎใฏใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
04:30
really help you understand, you know, what these different tenses mean.
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ใ“ใจใงใ™.ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™.
04:36
So let's look at our timeline and what the present perfect progressive tense would look
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณใจใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใŒใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ ใƒฉใ‚คใƒณไธŠใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:41
like on the timeline.
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ใ€‚
04:43
So, I have here my first example: "I have been working at my company for 5 years."
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ใ“ใ“ใซๆœ€ๅˆใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไผš็คพใง 5 ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:49
This means that five years ago, so let's go to the past-one, two, three, four, five-
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ 5 ๅนดๅ‰ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใฎใง ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๆˆปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†-1ใ€2ใ€3ใ€4ใ€5-
04:57
I started working, so this is the beginning, and this action continued and continued and
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็งใฏๅƒใๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฎใงใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎ่กŒๅ‹•ใฏ็ถ™็ถšใ—ใ€็ถ™็ถšใ—ใ€
05:05
continued to right now, so I'm still doing it.
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็พๅœจใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€็งใฏ ใพใ ใ‚„ใฃใฆใพใ™ใ€‚
05:10
So, when we're talking about this tense we're talking about something that began in the
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆ ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€
05:15
past, and kept happening, you know, I kept working, working, working, and it has continued
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้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘
05:22
to now, so it hasn't stopped.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ .
05:24
It's an action that started before, kept happening, and now we're in the present and I'm still
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ใใ‚Œใฏไปฅๅ‰ใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใ€่ตทใ“ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใฆใใŸ่กŒๅ‹• ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใ‚‚็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ถšใ‘
05:30
doing it, so there's been no end.
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ ็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
05:33
So: "I have been working at my company for 5 years."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ ็งใฎไผš็คพใง5ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
05:36
You can imagine, you know, maybe you know somebody who has a boyfriend or a girlfriend,
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใŸใถใ‚“ ใ€ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใŒใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆใ€
05:44
think about dating.
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ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:46
You know, there's two famous actors, Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell, they're older actors.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€2 ไบบใฎๆœ‰ๅใชไฟณๅ„ชใ€ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใ‚ฃ ใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใจใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆ ใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ปใƒซใŒใ„ใฆใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅนด้…ใฎไฟณๅ„ชใงใ™ใ€‚ ไป˜ใๅˆใฃ
05:53
I think they've been dating for 30 years.
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ใฆ30ๅนดใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
05:55
I could be wrong, but you could use the present perfect progressive to describe their relationship.
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็งใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใพใ™.
06:01
How long have Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell been dating for?
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ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใจ ใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใƒปใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ปใƒซใฎไบค้š›ๆœŸ้–“ใฏ๏ผŸ
06:06
Okay? And I could be very wrong with this.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใฏ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ้žๅธธใซ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:09
My trivia might be a bit off, but Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell have been dating for over
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็งใฎใƒˆใƒชใƒ“ใ‚ขใฏๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒ›ใƒผใƒณ ใจใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใƒปใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ปใƒซใฏ 30 ๅนดไปฅไธŠไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:17
30 years, so that means that if this is 30 years ago, they started dating here and they
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ 30 ๅนดๅ‰ใ ใจใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ“ใงไป˜ใๅˆใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ไป˜ใๅˆใ„
06:28
kept dating, and they're still dating today.
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็ถšใ‘ใ€ ็พๅœจใ‚‚ไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:34
So this is how we use the present perfect progressive.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
We're really focused on the time period, and we're talking about something that started
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็งใŸใกใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆใŠใ‚Š
06:42
in the past and continued to now.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใซๅง‹ใพใ‚Š ็พๅœจใพใง็ถšใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
06:46
So, we've talked about the meaning, and we'll do some practice in a moment, but before we
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ใงใฏใ€ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใฎใงใ€ใ™ใใซ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ๅฝขๅผ
06:51
begin practicing, I want you to think about the form, or: How does the present perfect
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใŸใ„ใฎ ใงใ™ใŒใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฏใฉใฎ
06:56
progressive look?
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
06:58
So, I have here our subjects.
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฏใ“ใ“ใซ็งใŸใกใฎไธป้กŒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:01
We can have "I" if I'm talking about myself, I can talk about "You", I can talk about "We",
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็งใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€็ง ใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€็งใฏใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€
07:08
or I can talk about "They", maybe I'm talking about friends, "They".
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ .
07:14
And when I'm using: "You", "We", "They", "I", or any of these types of subjects, the next
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŒใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎไธป้กŒใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎๆฌก
07:19
thing that comes for this tense is the word "have".
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ใซๆฅใ‚‹ใฎ ใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™.
07:23
"I have", "You have", "We have", "They have".
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚
07:27
And then we have the word "been".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:30
Okay? So: "You have been", "We have been", "They have been", "I have been",
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒYou have beenใ€ใ€ใ€ŒWe have beenใ€ใ€ใ€ŒThey have beenใ€ใ€ใ€ŒI have beenใ€ใ€
07:36
and then here we
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ“ใซ
07:37
have our action word or our verb, and you'll notice it ends in "ing".
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ใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใƒฏใƒผใƒ‰ใพใŸใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œingใ€ใง็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:43
So we can put any verb here.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซไปปๆ„ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:46
"You have been studying English for a long time.",
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ้•ทใ„้–“่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
07:51
"We have been watching YouTube for 10 hours."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ YouTubeใ‚’10ๆ™‚้–“่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
07:58
I don't know, I hope not.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:59
That's a long time to watch YouTube, but: "They have been working hard for days."
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YouTube ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใซใฏ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใŒใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏไฝ•ๆ—ฅใ‚‚ๆ‡ธๅ‘ฝใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:09
So this is, you know...
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹...
08:12
Or, yeah, if we're thinking about dating:
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใˆใˆใ€ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€
08:16
"Kurt Russell and Goldie Hawn, they have been dating for 30 years."
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ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใƒปใƒฉใƒƒใ‚ปใƒซใจใ‚ดใƒผใƒซใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒปใƒ›ใƒผใƒณใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏ30ๅนด้–“ไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:23
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:24
So I want you to start thinking about ways you can use this, maybe in your own life.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎไธญใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:29
Now, when we're talking about: "He", "She", or "It", this is when it gets a little bit
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ‘ใ—
08:34
more difficult.
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้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ‚‚ใ†
08:35
We're not going to use "have" anymore, we're going to use "has".
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใฏไฝฟใ‚ ใšใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:39
"He has", "She has", "It has".
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ใ€ŒๅฝผใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚ŒใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
08:43
"She has been dating her boyfriend for 5 years.",
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฝผๆฐใจไป˜ใๅˆใฃใฆ5ๅนดใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
08:49
"He has been working at his company for 20 years.",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฝผใฎ ไผš็คพใง20ๅนด้–“ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
08:55
"It has been raining for weeks."
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ใ€Œไฝ•้€ฑ้–“ใ‚‚้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:00
Okay? And, again, the focus is on the amount of time, that's why we're using this, we want
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็„ฆ็‚นใฏ ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใงใ™ใ€‚็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎใฏ
09:04
to know: How long?
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ใ€ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎ้•ทใ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
09:07
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:08
So now we're going to learn how to use this tense, and again, you know, you're going to
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ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:13
have to practice this.
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ใ€‚
09:14
It's good to even take out a piece of paper right now, and what you can do is you can
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ไปŠใ™ใ็ด™ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ— ใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡
09:18
try to add different verbs here.
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ใ†ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใซใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:21
Okay? Just to practice, get used to using this, because we're going to use it in conversation
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ™ใใซไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€็ทด็ฟ’ใจใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œ
09:26
in a moment.
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:27
But before that, I'm going to teach you how to use this in the question form.
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๅ‰ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใงไฝฟใ†ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ใŠๆ•™ใˆใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:32
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:33
Okay, so now we've looked at a little bit about the form when we're saying the present
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆ–‡ใฎไธญใง ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใจใใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—่ฆ‹ใฆใ
09:40
perfect progressive in a sentence.
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ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใง
09:41
What about if we want to ask somebody a question in the present perfect progressive, how would
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่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„ ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
09:47
we do that?
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ใ‹?
09:48
Well, usually the question starts off with the words: "How long", because what we're
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้€šๅธธใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏ ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็งใŸใกใŒ
09:54
interested in is the period of time.
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้–ขๅฟƒใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ๆœŸ้–“ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
09:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:57
So: "How long" and then we will have the word either "have" or "has", depending on what
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒHow longใ€ใฎ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไธป้กŒใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž
10:04
our subject is.
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ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
10:06
So, for example, if my subject...
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€็งใฎไธป้กŒใŒ
10:08
If I'm talking about myself, I use: "I", "you", "they", "we", then we would use "have"; or
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... ็ง่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
10:16
if I'm talking about "he", "she", or "it", I would use "has".
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ใ€ใ€Œheใ€ใ€ใ€Œsheใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œitใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œhasใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
10:20
So: "How long have I", "How long has he", "How long as she", "How long has it", okay?
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
10:29
And then after that we have the word "been", just like before: "been", our verb and "ing".
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ใใฎๅพŒใซใ€ๅ‰ใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€Œbeenใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œbeenใ€ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œingใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
10:39
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:40
So let's take a moment to make up some sentences together.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
10:43
"How long have you been watching this video?",
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ใ€Œ ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’
10:51
"How long have you been studying English?",
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ‹?ใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ๅง‹ใ‚ใฆใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใ‚„ๅฎถ
10:57
"How long have you been living in your apartment or your house?"
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ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
11:03
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
11:04
So just some examples.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’็คบใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:05
And then if we wanted to use "he", "she", or "it":
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
11:07
"How long has it been snowing?",
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ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้›ชใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹
11:13
"How long has it been raining?", "How long has he been reading his book?"
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?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ๅฝผใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? "
11:21
Okay? So you can see how we use this question in conversation.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใฎ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚
11:25
So let's do some practice together, and then I'll talk a little bit more about our challenge.
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
11:32
So I have, here, part of our question.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ ใซ็งใŸใกใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎไธ€้ƒจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
11:34
It starts off with:
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11:35
"How _______ _______ you been studying English?"
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ใ€Œใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
11:37
There's a missing word and a missing word: "...you been studying English"?
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ๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใจๆฌ ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™๏ผšใ€Œ...ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€๏ผŸ
11:42
So how can we make this into a proper question?
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ใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ“ใ‚Œ ใ‚’้ฉๅˆ‡ใช่ณชๅ•ใซใงใใพใ™ใ‹?
11:46
Well, first we need the word "long": "How long".
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ใพใšใ€ ใ€Œ้•ทใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
11:52
And should this be "have" or "has"?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ในใใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
11:56
Well, if we look we see the word "you", "you", okay, so we know it has to be "have":
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ใ‚ˆใ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใ€ใ€Œyouใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชž ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œhaveใ€ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
12:01
"How long have you been studying English?"
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ใ€Œใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
12:08
And what would our answer be?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฎ็ญ”ใˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
12:10
So I want you to think about yourself.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่€ƒใˆใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚
12:11
How long have you been studying English?"
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ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
12:15
"I have _______ study___ for _______."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ________ ใฎใŸใ‚ใซ _______ study___ ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
12:18
So what do we need here?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‹?
12:19
"I have
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ใ€ŒI have
12:23
been", "I have been study",
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beenใ€ใ€ใ€ŒI have been studyใ€ใ€
12:28
"studying", "ing" is very important.
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ใ€Œstudyingใ€ใ€ใ€Œingใ€ ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™
12:33
"I have been studying English for", and you can fill in the blank.
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ใ€‚ ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—
12:40
How long have you been studying English?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆœŸ้–“ใฏใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ ใงใ™ใ‹?
12:42
Maybe two months, maybe 10 years, maybe 20 years.
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ใŸใถใ‚“ 2 ใ‹ๆœˆใ€ 10 ๅนดใ€20 ๅนด
12:45
Okay?
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12:47
I'll tell you about myself.
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ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
12:49
Well, I'm not going to put a number because I don't know...
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ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใฎใงๆ•ฐๅญ—ใฏๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“...
12:51
I don't want you to know my age, but I'll say this: I have been studying English for
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็งใฎๅนด้ฝขใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใ†่จ€ใ„ใพใ™: ็งใฏไธ€็”Ÿ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ‹‰ๅผท
12:55
my whole life, and I continue to study English.
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ใ‚’ ็ถšใ‘ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ .
12:59
I learn new words all the time in English.
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็งใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚่‹ฑ่ชžใงๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ .
13:03
I have been studying for many, many years.
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็งใฏไฝ•ๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ้–“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ .
13:07
How... Okay, so let's do another one: "How long have you been working at _______?"
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ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ.
13:14
Your company?
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13:15
Okay? Are you a student?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅญฆ็”Ÿ
13:17
Do you have a job?
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ใงใ™ใ‹? ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’
13:18
Do you work somewhere?
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ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใฉใ“ใ‹ใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใฉใ“ใ‹ใง
13:20
If you work somewhere or, you know, maybe you know somebody who has a job, you can ask them:
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ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใพใŸใฏ ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
13:25
"How long have you been working at your company", "at your firm",
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใงใ€
13:31
at, you know, the hotel, wherever your friend or where you yourself might work.
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ใƒ›ใƒ†ใƒซใง ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅ‹ไบบใ‚„ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใŒๅƒใๅ ดๆ‰€ใชใ‚‰ใ„ใคใงใ‚‚ใ€‚
13:38
And the answer would be: "I _______ been working at _______ for."
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็ญ”ใˆใฏใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ ________ ใง ________ ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
13:41
What could we put here?
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ใ“ใ“ใซไฝ•ใ‚’็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
13:47
"I have been working at"
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ใ€ŒI have been working atใ€ใฎๅพŒใซ
13:52
and you can say the name of your company: "for five years",
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ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใฎๅๅ‰ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™: ใ€Œfor 5 yearsใ€ใ€
13:57
"for 10 years", "for two months", and maybe you're not working.
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ใ€Œfor 10 yearsใ€ใ€ใ€Œfor two monthsใ€ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใŠใใ‚‰ใใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:01
You can say: "I have been studying at school" or "at university" or "at college",
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅญฆๆ กใงๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใงใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅคงๅญฆใงใ€ใ€
14:09
"I have been studying at my high school for four years."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ ้ซ˜ๆ กใง 4 ๅนด้–“ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:13
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:14
So you can change "working" to "studying" if you want as well.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆใ€Œๅƒใใ€ใ‚’ใ€Œๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใซๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
14:18
Okay, so back to the challenge now.
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ใ‚ˆใ—ใ€ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ ใƒใƒฃใƒฌใƒณใ‚ธใซๆˆปใ‚ใ†ใ€‚
14:21
We've done some practice with the present perfect progressive, so how are you going
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใŒใ€ไปŠ้€ฑใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†
14:26
to use this in a conversation this week?
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ใซไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™ใ‹?
14:29
So maybe you might want to follow this and ask somebody about their job.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซๅพ“ใฃใฆ ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใฆใฟใ‚‹ใฎใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
14:34
How long have you been working at such-and-such place?
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ใฉใ“ใฎใฉใ“ใงใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
14:38
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
14:39
Maybe you want to ask somebody about their relationship:
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ใŸใถใ‚“ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้–ขไฟ‚ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
14:41
"How long have you been dating, you know, your girlfriend or your boyfriend?"
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ใ‚“. ่ถฃๅ‘ณใ‚„่ˆˆๅ‘ณ
14:47
Maybe you want to ask someone about their hobbies or something they're interested in.
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ใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฐใ‹ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
14:55
You know, some people watch Netflix or television shows and they spend a lot of time watching,
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.Netflixใ‚„ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ ็•ช็ต„ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ๅคšใใฎๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’่ฒปใ‚„ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใ‚‹
15:02
so you might want to ask them, you know, if you have a friend who loves Game of Thrones,
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ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“. ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ  ใ‚ชใƒ– ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚บใŒๅคงๅฅฝใใชๅ‹ไบบใซใ€
15:07
for example, you might ask them: "How long have you been watching Game of Thrones today?"
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ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ  ใ‚ชใƒ– ใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚บใ‚’ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
15:13
And maybe they'll say: "11 hours."
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ใ€Œ11ๆ™‚้–“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
15:16
Okay?
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15:16
"I have been watching Game of Thrones for, you know, 11 hours today."
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
ใ€ŒไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใƒปใ‚ชใƒ–ใƒปใ‚นใƒญใƒผใƒณใ‚บ ใ‚’11ๆ™‚้–“่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:23
Or, you know, you can ask them about a book.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‹ใญใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚
15:25
Maybe they're reading a very thick book.
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ๅคšๅˆ†ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅˆ†ๅŽšใ„ๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
15:27
-"How long have you been reading that book for?"
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-ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใใฎๆœฌใ‚’ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
15:30
-"I have been reading that book for two years now.
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-ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎ ๆœฌใ‚’ 2 ๅนด้–“่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
15:35
It's a very long book."
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ใ€‚้žๅธธใซ้•ทใ„ๆœฌใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
15:36
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:37
So, think about relationships, dating, think about work, think about studying.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไบบ้–“้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ€ใƒ‡ใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ ่€ƒใˆใ€ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ‚’่€ƒใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
15:43
You know, maybe they're studying another language.
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅˆฅใฎ่จ€่ชžใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
15:46
Think about their hobbies, their activities.
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่ถฃๅ‘ณใ‚„ๆดปๅ‹•ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚
15:49
And remember: What you really want to find out is the length of time or the time period
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่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„: ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚้–“ใฎ้•ทใ•
15:54
they've been doing something for.
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
15:56
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
15:57
So, I hope you do this present perfect progressive challenge.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใฎ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใฎๆŒ‘ๆˆฆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚
16:01
I think it's really good if you take the grammar you're learning here and you use it in a conversation,
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ใ“ใ“ใง็ฟ’ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆไผš่ฉฑใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ„ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚ŒใŒ
16:07
that's what we want.
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็งใŸใกใŒๆœ›ใ‚“ใงใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
16:08
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:09
So, to practice this more you can come visit our website at www.engvid.com,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ทด็ฟ’ ใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:15
and there you can take our quiz to make sure that, you know,
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ใใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅฝขๅผใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ ็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
16:19
you understand the form and the meaning of this.
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ใ€‚
16:22
You know, this might be an idea to do before you use this in conversation.
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ่กŒใ†ในใใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
16:26
And if you don't have anyone to practice with, try it with a mirror. Okay?
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ไธ€็ท’ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบบใŒใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€้กใง่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:30
Like, you know, if you have friends who speak English or something like that, that's great,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใชใฉใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ๅ‹้”
16:36
but if not that's okay.
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ใŒใ„ใ‚Œใฐใใ‚Œใฏ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ•้กŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใซ
16:37
You can even write present progressive or present perfect progressive in our comments.
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็พๅœจ้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใพใŸใฏ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†้€ฒ่กŒๅฝขใ‚’ๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
16:43
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
16:44
Try it there.
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ใใ“ใง่ฉฆใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:45
You know, I'm sure other students will also be using our comment board to write these
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ใ”ๅญ˜็Ÿฅใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ไป–ใฎๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใ‚‚็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
16:50
types of sentences, so that's a great way to get some practice as well.
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ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใใจ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‚็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉ ใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
16:54
I also invite you to come check out...
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ใพใŸใ€ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚ขใ‚ฆใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใŠๅ‹งใ‚ ใ—ใพใ™...
16:56
Or to subscribe to my channel.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€็งใฎใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
16:58
I have a lot of other resources there on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and all sorts of
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ€ ่ชžๅฝ™ใ€็™บ้Ÿณใ€
17:03
other topics related to English, so I highly recommend it.
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ใใฎไป–่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒไป–ใซใ‚‚ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใฎใงใ€ๅผทใใŠๅ‹งใ‚ใ—ใพใ™.
17:07
Thank you for watching, and until next time, take care.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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