English Tenses: Learn PRESENT PERFECT with a game!

264,669 views ใƒป 2021-06-04

English with Emma


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you about the
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€‚ ็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚จใƒžใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซ
00:04
present perfect, and how we use it for when we talk about past experiences.
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Ž ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:10
Now, I know a lot of you probably have learned a little bit about the present
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใไปฅๅ‰ใซ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅฐ‘ใ—ๅญฆใ‚“ใ 
00:14
perfect before, And maybe you thought it was really boring or really difficult.
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ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
00:18
But I promise you: Today's lesson is going to be very interesting, because we
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏ ้žๅธธใซ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„
00:24
are going to play a game. Okay? A game that will help you learn the present
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ใ‚‚ใฎใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅญฆใถใฎใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ 
00:28
perfect. So, let's get started. So, the game is called: "Two Truths, and a Lie".
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ ใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใฏใ€Œ2ใคใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใจ1ใคใฎๅ˜˜ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚
00:36
So, just to remember: A "truth" is something that is true and happened.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใ€ใจ ใฏใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
00:43
Okay? So, something that is true and happened. A "lie" is something that did
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ˜˜ใ€ใจใฏใ€
00:49
not happen. So, how do we play this game? Well, I am going to tell you two
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่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฒใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚คใ— ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ 2 ใคใฎ
00:55
things that are true about me, and one thing that is a lie. And your job is you
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็œŸๅฎŸใจใ€1 ใค ใฎๅ˜˜ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏใ‚ใชใŸ
01:03
need to guess: "What is the truth? And what is the lie?" And we are going to do
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ใŒๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™:ใ€Œ็œŸๅฎŸใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹? ใใ—ใฆ ใ€ๅ˜˜ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใใ—ใฆ
01:09
this by using the grammar โ€” the present perfect. Okay? So, let's get started.
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ใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ โ€” ็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:17
I'm going to tell you my first sentence, and I want you to think about it, and
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็งใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:20
guess: Is it true or is it a lie? "I have walked 800 kilometers across
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ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ 800 ใ‚ญใƒญใ‚‚ๆญฉใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:29
Spain." That's a lot of walking. Look at my second... my second statement: "I
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ๆญฉใใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ... ็งใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใƒˆใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œ็ง
01:40
have lived in China." All right. And what about the third? "I have seen a
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ใฏไธญๅ›ฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ ใ€3็•ช็›ฎใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸ
01:48
ghost." So, these three sentences, two of them are true and one of them is not
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ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ ใฎใ†ใกใ€2 ใคใŒๆญฃใ—ใใ€1 ใคใŒๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
01:56
true; one of them is a lie. But before we figure out which is true and which is
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใใฎใ†ใกใฎ1ใคใฏๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ
02:01
the lie, I want to ask you a couple questions about the present perfect. So,
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆใ„ใใคใ‹่ณชๅ•ใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
02:07
these sentences are all in the present perfect. When we're using the present
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ™ในใฆ็พๅœจ ๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ
02:13
perfect to talk about experience... Are these talking about the past; are they
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... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
02:19
talking about right now, the present; or are they talking about the future? So,
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ไปŠใ€็พๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
02:26
these sentences or the present perfect, when we're talking about experience โ€”
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใพใŸใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฏใ€ ็ตŒ้จ“
02:31
it's used to talk about something that happened in the past. And this is really
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:37
confusing for students, because they see the word: "present", so they think that
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็”Ÿๅพ’ใŸใกใฏ ใ€Œ็พๅœจใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็›ฎใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆททไนฑใ‚’ๆ‹›ใ
02:41
it always is talking about right now. But when we're talking about the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
02:45
"present perfect", we're actually talking about something that happened in
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ใ€Œ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—
02:49
the past. Confusing, I know. But the main thing to know is that when you're
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ็ŸฅใฃใฆใŠใในใไธปใชใ“ใจ
02:54
talking about experiences in the past, you can use the present perfect. Okay?
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ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:02
And I will go over how to use the present perfect in a moment, how it
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
03:06
looks like, and all that information. But for now, just to understand the idea
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่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใใฎใ™ในใฆใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ใ™ใใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™. ใ—ใ‹ใ—ไปŠใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๆฆ‚ๅฟตใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ‘
03:10
of the present perfect is what I want. So, we use the present perfect when
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ใŒ็งใฎๆœ›ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚
03:16
we're talking about a past experience.
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:19
Now, do we need to know when that past experience happened? Do we need a
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ใงใฏใ€ใใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎ ็ตŒ้จ“ใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?
03:25
specific date โ€” like: "July 21st, 1987", or "yesterday", or "last year" โ€” or is
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ใ€Œ1987 ๅนด 7 ๆœˆ 21 ๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆ˜จๅนดใ€ใชใฉใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
03:37
the date not really important? We don't really have a date; we don't know when
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚ๆ—ฅไป˜ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹? ๆ—ฅไป˜ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:40
it happened. It was sometime before. So, when we use the present perfect, we do
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ใใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใค่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใšใ„ใถใ‚“ๅ‰ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:46
not have a specific date. No date. Okay? So, I have these three sentences โ€” you
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ใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๆ—ฅไป˜ใชใ—ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:55
know they happen in the past, you know they happen before, but you don't know
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้ŽๅŽปใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไปฅๅ‰ใซ็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ„ใค็™บ็”Ÿใ—ใŸ ใ‹ใฏใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:00
when, and the when part isn't really so important. What's important is I want to
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ใ€‚ใพใŸใ€็™บ็”Ÿๆ™‚ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Š้‡่ฆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ้‡่ฆใชใฎใฏ
04:05
tell you about a past experience. So, you know... notice there's no dates
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใซ ใฏๆ—ฅไป˜ใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใซๆณจๆ„ใ—ใฆ
04:09
here. It doesn't say: "yesterday", "last week" โ€” it doesn't have any of that time
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ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ๅ…ˆ้€ฑใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ โ€” ใใฎๆ™‚้–“ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
04:15
information. Okay? So, we have it's talking about the past; there's no
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏ้ŽๅŽปใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
04:20
specific date. Together, if we want to put these together, we can use the
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไธ€็ท’ใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใพใจใ‚ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€
04:26
present perfect tense. So, now what we're going to do... I know you're
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ใฉใ† ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹...
04:30
really excited to find out what's true and what's false, but before we do that,
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ไฝ•ใŒๆญฃใ—ใใฆไฝ•ใŒ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใใฆ่ˆˆๅฅฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใใฎๅ‰
04:33
I'm going to tell you about the structure of the present perfect, how we
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ใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๆง‹้€ ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใฎ
04:38
make it, and then we will have the big reveal where you will find out which is
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใฉใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฉใ‚ŒใŒๅ˜˜ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใฉใ“ใง่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™
04:42
true and which is false.
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.
04:44
Okay. So, how do we make a present perfect sentence when we're talking
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ‚ˆใ„
04:47
about experience... experiences of the past, specifically? Well, let's look.
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ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹? ๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใซใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:52
Okay? So, the first thing you need is your subject. A "subject" are words
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎ ใฏไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œไปถๅใ€ใจใฏ
04:57
like: "I", "You", "He", "She", "It", "They"; it can also be, you know, a
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ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ€ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
05:04
person's name, for example: "My sister, Audra", "My dog, Jackson". Okay? So,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎๅฆนใ€ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ‰ใƒฉใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎ็Šฌใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฏใ‚ฝใƒณใ€ใชใฉใ€ไบบใฎๅๅ‰ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
05:13
these are all subjects. So, after you have your subject picked, in this case,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ไธป้กŒใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ—ใŸๅพŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
05:19
I have three subjects: "I", "I", and "I" โ€” they're all the same subject; they're
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ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œ็งใ€ใจใ„ใ† 3 ใคใฎไธป้กŒ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆๅŒใ˜ไธป้กŒใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰
05:23
about me. The next thing you need to make a present perfect sentence is the
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ใฏ็งใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๆฌกใซๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใฏใ€
05:29
word: "have" or "has". We call this the "helping verb" because it helps the main
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"have" ใพใŸใฏ "has" ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธปๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€ŒๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™
05:36
verb. In this case: "I have", so the subject needs to match with "have" or
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ŒI haveใ€ใชใฎใงใ€ ไธป่ชžใฏใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใจไธ€่‡ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:46
"has". "I have", "you have", "he" or "she" or "it has", so to match. And it
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ใ€‚ ใ€ŒI haveใ€ใ€ใ€Œyou haveใ€ใ€ใ€Œheใ€ใพใŸใฏ ใ€Œsheใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œit hasใ€ใชใฉใจไธ€่‡ดใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ†ใง
05:57
is not: "have"; it's: "has" and "they have". Okay? So, again, you have your
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ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“๏ผšใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€; ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซใฏ
06:04
subject, you have the words: "have" or "has". Or if you want it to be a
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ไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€่‡ชๅˆ†
06:10
negative sentence about something you didn't do, you can use: "have not" or
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ใŒใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€"have not" ใพใŸใฏ
06:16
"has not". Okay? Those are possible.
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"has not" ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™ใ€‚
06:21
And after you have these two parts, the third part is called the past
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ€ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œ
06:26
participle. Okay? That's a really scary-sounding word, I think. It sounds
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ๆ€–ใ„้Ÿฟใใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:31
really grammary and very confusing, but it's not. The "past participle" is a
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซ้žๅธธใซใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ€ใฏ
06:39
verb in a specific form. There are two types of forms of the past participle.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎๅฝขใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซใฏ2็จฎ้กžใฎๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:45
You can have regular past participle words, so, for example: "play"; the past
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้€šๅธธใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:52
participle of the word "play" is "played", where you add an "ed". Another
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"play" ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ "played" ใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ "ed" ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
example of a regular past participle is you have the word: "travel". Now, if you
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่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใช้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆใ€ ใ€Œtravelใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œtravelใ€
07:05
want the past participle of the word "travel", again, you add "ed". We call
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ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใŒ ๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
this "regular" because it has a specific rule: You add "ed" to make it the past
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ้€šๅธธใ€ใจๅ‘ผใถใฎใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽป
07:16
participle form. If we look over here, in my three sentences: "I have walked".
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ๅˆ†่ฉžๅฝขใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ ใ€็งใฎ 3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใ„ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:25
This is an example of a regular past participle. The verb is the word "walk",
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใ€Œๆญฉใใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
07:31
and I've added "ed" to make it a past participle. My second sentence is also
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ใงใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใซใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ ็งใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๆ–‡
07:37
an example of this: "I have lived". So, I've taken the verb "live", and I've
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ใ‚‚ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏ็”Ÿใใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใง ใ€็งใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œ็”Ÿใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็”ŸใใŸใ€ใซ
07:43
just added "ed" to make it "lived". So, that's... those are both examples of
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏ... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
07:48
regular past participles.
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้€šๅธธใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:51
Now, English can be a confusing language, and that's because we have so
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ใ•ใฆใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฏ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„่จ€่ชžใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ
07:56
many exceptions to the rules. For past participles, we call these exceptions,
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™. ้ŽๅŽป ๅˆ†่ฉžใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ๅค–ใ‚’
08:02
"irregular", because they're not the norm. So, some examples of irregular
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ใ€Œไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใ€ใจๅ‘ผใณใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–ใงใฏใชใ„ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช
08:08
past participles are words like: "eaten", so this is the past participle
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใจใ—ใฆ ใฏใ€"eaten" ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
08:14
of "eat". So, in the present, we say: "eat"; in the past, we say: "ate"; and
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"eat" ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็พๅœจใงใฏใ€ ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปใซใฏใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:20
with the past participle we say: "eaten". Okay? Or same with the word:
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ใใ—ใฆ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใง ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œไฝœใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใจๅŒใ˜
08:25
"make". "Make", we say: "make" in the present, "made" in the past, and the
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œmakeใ€ใฏใ€ ็พๅœจๅฝขใง
08:31
past participle of "make" is "made". It's the same with the word "see"; the
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ใฏใ€Œmakeใ€ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฏใ€Œmadeใ€ใ€ใ€Œmakeใ€ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใ€Œmadeใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:37
past participle of "see" is "seen"; or "do", the past participle is "done". Or
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"see" ใฎ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ "seen" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ "do"ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏ "done" ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ
08:44
"drink" โ€” I "drink" water, I "drank" water, "I have drunk water". So, "drunk"
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ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€ โ€” ็งใฏๆฐดใ‚’ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚€ใ€ใ€็งใฏๆฐดใ‚’ใ€Œ้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€ ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๆฐดใ‚’้ฃฒใ‚“ใ ใ€. ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œdrunkใ€
08:50
is the past participle. So, how do you learn the past participles? If they're
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ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฏใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
08:56
not irregular... Or, sorry. If they are not regular, then a lot of the times you
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ใ‚คใƒฌใ‚ฎใƒฅใƒฉใƒผใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆใจใ‹ใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใญใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใงใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€
09:02
just have to memorize them. Okay? And you'll start noticing some patterns. But
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใซๆฐ—ใฅใๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—
09:08
the best advice I can give you is: Think about the words you use a lot, and start
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ใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใงใใ‚‹ๆœ€ๅ–„ใฎใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใฏๆฌกใฎใจใŠใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚
09:15
there. So, if you like to talk about food, and experiences with food,
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ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚„้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใชใ‚‰
09:20
memorizing the word "eaten" is probably a good idea for you. Okay? So, start
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ใ€ใ€Œ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆ ใŠใใจใ‚ˆใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
09:26
with the words you use a lot.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
09:28
Okay. So, if we look at my example, up here, we have an example of an irregular
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไธŠใฎ็งใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ ใจใ€ไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ใช
09:34
past participle: "I have seen a ghost." All right. So, this is how you create
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้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใฎไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: "I have seen a ghost." ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
09:44
the form of a present perfect sentence. So, you have the subject, you have
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็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไธป่ชžใ€
09:51
"have" or "has", and you have the verb, and then you have the rest of the
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ใ€Œhaveใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œhasใ€ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ ใใ—ใฆๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
09:56
information. But the main thing we're focusing on is this part. Okay. So,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ ๆณจ็›ฎใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
10:03
we've talked a lot about the present perfect, we've talked about when we use
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็งใŸใกใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅคšใใฎ ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
10:07
it to talk about past experiences. There are other times we use it. But in this
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ใ€‚ ไป–ใซใ‚‚ไฝฟใ†ๆ™‚ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใฎ
10:13
lesson, we're only focusing on talking about past experiences. We've talked
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ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใซใฎใฟ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใฆ ใ„ใพใ™. ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใฎๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
10:18
about the form of the present perfect, and now we are going to do the big
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅคงใ€…็š„ใซ
10:24
reveal. We're going to find out what is true and what is false. Okay? What are
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ๆ˜Žใ‚‰ใ‹ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงไฝ•ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‹ใ‚’็ชใๆญขใ‚ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:29
my two truths, and what is my lie? "I have walked 800 kilometers across
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็งใฎไบŒใคใฎ็œŸๅฎŸใจ็งใฎๅ˜˜ใจใฏ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ 800 ใ‚ญใƒญใ‚‚ๆญฉใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
10:36
Spain." What do you think? This is true. I can say: "I have walked 800 kilometers
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใƒšใ‚คใƒณใ‚’ 800 ใ‚ญใƒญใ‚‚ๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™
10:50
across Spain." Very crazy, I know. It took 33 days; a very long time. Another
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ใ€‚ ้žๅธธใซใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใงใ™ใ€็งใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ 33ๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใจใฆใ‚‚้•ทใ„้–“ใ€‚
10:57
thing I can do is I can, instead of saying: "I have walked", I can change
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็งใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญฉใ„ใŸใ€ใซๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
11:01
this to: "I've walked". It means the exact same thing. The only difference is
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ้•ใ„ใฏ
11:09
this is... We can shorten "have" to "I've", instead of "I have". So, you
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ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ใซ็Ÿญ็ธฎใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ
11:17
have a choice. But this is true. What about number two? "I have lived in
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ใซใฏ้ธๆŠž่‚ขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ 2็•ชใฏใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
11:25
China" or "I've lived in China." Is this true or false? Is this the truth or a
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ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใใ‚Œใจใ‚‚
11:32
lie? This is true. I spent one year living in China. True. So, what is my
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ๅ˜˜ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏ ไธญๅ›ฝใซ1ๅนด้–“ไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ็œŸๅฎŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€็งใฎๅ˜˜ใฏไฝ•
11:44
lie, then? "I have seen a ghost." So, no, I have not. I have not seen a ghost.
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ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€็งใฏๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
11:56
But my brother, my older brother, when he was 25 years old, he saw a ghost. So,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๅ…„ใ€ๅ…„ ใฏ25ๆญณใฎๆ™‚ใ€ๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€
12:05
my brother has seen a ghost, or at least he believes he has.
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็งใฎๅ…„ใฏๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅฐ‘ใชใใจใ‚‚ๅฝผใฏๅนฝ้œŠใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸ ใจไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
12:11
So, there you have it, you found out what's true, what's a lie, and you've
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ไฝ•ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงไฝ•ใŒๅ˜˜ใ‹ใŒๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Š
12:15
learned about the present perfect. So, like I said, the present perfect can be
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใซใคใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใŒ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ใฏๆฅฝใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
12:19
fun. And it's something I really want you to practice because we use it all
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. ใใ—ใฆ ใ€็งใŸใกใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ„ใคใ‚‚ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซๆœฌๅฝ“ใซ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
12:23
the time in English. And a lot of you have interesting stories or interesting
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. ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅคšใ ใฏ่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„่ฉฑใ‚„่ˆˆๅ‘ณๆทฑใ„ไบบ็”Ÿใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„
12:28
lives. So, here is your homework: In the comment section, what I want you to do
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅฎฟ้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆ ใ‚ปใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใงใ€็งใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ—
12:36
is I want you to write three sentences. I want you to write two sentences that
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ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€3 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
12:43
are true about yourself, using the present perfect. Okay? So, two sentences
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใซใคใ„ใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ 2 ใคๆ›ธใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
12:48
about a past experience that is true. And then I want you to write one
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็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ 2 ใคใฎๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็œŸๅฎŸ
12:53
sentence about a past experience that is not true; it's a lie. Okay? And I want
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ใงใฏใชใ„้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆไธ€ๆ–‡ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใปใ—ใ„ ใ€‚ ใ†ใใ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆ
12:59
you to interact with each other. You can guess: What sentences of people are true
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ใ€ใŠไบ’ใ„ใซไบคๆตใ—ใฆใปใ—ใ„ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŽจๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ ๏ผšไบบใ€…ใฎใฉใฎๆ–‡ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸ
13:04
and which ones are not true? But the main thing is: When you do this in the
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ใงใ€ใฉใฎๆ–‡ใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใชใ„ใ‹? ใ—ใ‹ใ—้‡่ฆ ใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใจใใฏ
13:08
comments, it's very important you're talking about a past experience, and
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ใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ‚ใ‚Š
13:13
you're using the present perfect. Okay? So, thank you so much for watching. I
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ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
13:19
hope you have enjoyed today's lesson. I invite you to check out our quiz at
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
13:24
www.engvid.com. There, you can actually practice everything we've learned. Even
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ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๅญฆใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซๅฎŸ่ทตใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
13:30
before you write in the comments, maybe you want to practice the form of the
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ใ‚ณใƒกใƒณใƒˆใ‚’ๆ›ธใๅ‰ ใซใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
13:34
present perfect. Our quiz is a great way to do that. I also would like to invite
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ใ€‚ ็งใŸใกใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใฏ ใใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ†ใฎใซๆœ€้ฉใชๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™. ใพใŸ
13:39
you to subscribe to my channel. There, you will find a whole bunch of different
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ใ€ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซ็™ป้Œฒใ‚‚ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใซใฏใ€
13:42
resources on English across all different topics, including vocabulary,
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่ชžๅฝ™ใ€
13:47
writing, reading, studying, and many more. So, thank you for watching; and
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ใƒชใƒผใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใ€ๅ‹‰ๅผทใชใฉใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใ‚ใŸใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆ
13:52
until next time, take care.
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ๆฌกๅ›žใพใงใ€ใŠๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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