English Tenses: Learn PRESENT PERFECT with a game!

263,350 views ใƒป 2021-06-04

English with Emma


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello. My name is Emma, and in today's video, I am going to teach you about the
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์— ๋งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:04
present perfect, and how we use it for when we talk about past experiences.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:10
Now, I know a lot of you probably have learned a little bit about the present
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ด์ „์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:14
perfect before, And maybe you thought it was really boring or really difficult.
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
But I promise you: Today's lesson is going to be very interesting, because we
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:24
are going to play a game. Okay? A game that will help you learn the present
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๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:28
perfect. So, let's get started. So, the game is called: "Two Truths, and a Lie".
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. ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ "Two Truths, and a Lie"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
So, just to remember: A "truth" is something that is true and happened.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ: "์ง„์‹ค"์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Okay? So, something that is true and happened. A "lie" is something that did
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง"์€
00:49
not happen. So, how do we play this game? Well, I am going to tell you two
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”,
00:55
things that are true about me, and one thing that is a lie. And your job is you
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์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์™€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š”
01:03
need to guess: "What is the truth? And what is the lie?" And we are going to do
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"์ง„์‹ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
01:09
this by using the grammar โ€” the present perfect. Okay? So, let's get started.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ž, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I'm going to tell you my first sentence, and I want you to think about it, and
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์ œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ
01:20
guess: Is it true or is it a lie? "I have walked 800 kilometers across
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๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํšก๋‹จ 800km๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:29
Spain." That's a lot of walking. Look at my second... my second statement: "I
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." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑท๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ... ๋‚ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง„์ˆ : "๋‚˜๋Š”
01:40
have lived in China." All right. And what about the third? "I have seen a
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ท€์‹ ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
01:48
ghost." So, these three sentences, two of them are true and one of them is not
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." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:56
true; one of them is a lie. But before we figure out which is true and which is
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐธ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์—
02:01
the lie, I want to ask you a couple questions about the present perfect. So,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:07
these sentences are all in the present perfect. When we're using the present
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:13
perfect to talk about experience... Are these talking about the past; are they
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๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ... ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
02:19
talking about right now, the present; or are they talking about the future? So,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
02:26
these sentences or the present perfect, when we're talking about experience โ€”
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
02:31
it's used to talk about something that happened in the past. And this is really
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์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
02:37
confusing for students, because they see the word: "present", so they think that
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "ํ˜„์žฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
02:41
it always is talking about right now. But when we're talking about the
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:45
"present perfect", we're actually talking about something that happened in
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"ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:49
the past. Confusing, I know. But the main thing to know is that when you're
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. ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋„ค์š”, ์•Œ์•„์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
02:54
talking about experiences in the past, you can use the present perfect. Okay?
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
03:02
And I will go over how to use the present perfect in a moment, how it
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
03:06
looks like, and all that information. But for now, just to understand the idea
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์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
03:10
of the present perfect is what I want. So, we use the present perfect when
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:16
we're talking about a past experience.
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.
03:19
Now, do we need to know when that past experience happened? Do we need a
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:25
specific date โ€” like: "July 21st, 1987", or "yesterday", or "last year" โ€” or is
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"1987๋…„ 7์›” 21์ผ", "์–ด์ œ" ๋˜๋Š” "์ž‘๋…„"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
03:37
the date not really important? We don't really have a date; we don't know when
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๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:40
it happened. It was sometime before. So, when we use the present perfect, we do
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์— ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
03:46
not have a specific date. No date. Okay? So, I have these three sentences โ€” you
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ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
03:55
know they happen in the past, you know they happen before, but you don't know
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
when, and the when part isn't really so important. What's important is I want to
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์–ธ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
04:05
tell you about a past experience. So, you know... notice there's no dates
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ... ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:09
here. It doesn't say: "yesterday", "last week" โ€” it doesn't have any of that time
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. "์–ด์ œ", "์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„
04:15
information. Okay? So, we have it's talking about the past; there's no
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
specific date. Together, if we want to put these together, we can use the
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ํŠน์ • ๋‚ ์งœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:26
present perfect tense. So, now what we're going to do... I know you're
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€...
04:30
really excited to find out what's true and what's false, but before we do that,
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ฐธ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์—
04:33
I'm going to tell you about the structure of the present perfect, how we
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:38
make it, and then we will have the big reveal where you will find out which is
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:42
true and which is false.
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์ฐธ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ํญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Okay. So, how do we make a present perfect sentence when we're talking
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:47
about experience... experiences of the past, specifically? Well, let's look.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ? ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”.
04:52
Okay? So, the first thing you need is your subject. A "subject" are words
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ฃผ์ œ"๋Š”
04:57
like: "I", "You", "He", "She", "It", "They"; it can also be, you know, a
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"๋‚˜", "๋‹น์‹ ", "๊ทธ", "๊ทธ๋…€", "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ", "๊ทธ๋“ค"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
person's name, for example: "My sister, Audra", "My dog, Jackson". Okay? So,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "My sister, Audra", "My dog, Jackson"๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
05:13
these are all subjects. So, after you have your subject picked, in this case,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ํ›„์—, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—,
05:19
I have three subjects: "I", "I", and "I" โ€” they're all the same subject; they're
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์ €๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "I", "I", ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "I" โ€” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
05:23
about me. The next thing you need to make a present perfect sentence is the
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๋‚˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
05:29
word: "have" or "has". We call this the "helping verb" because it helps the main
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"have" ๋˜๋Š” "has"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋•๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:36
verb. In this case: "I have", so the subject needs to match with "have" or
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. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: "I have"์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "have" ๋˜๋Š”
05:46
"has". "I have", "you have", "he" or "she" or "it has", so to match. And it
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"has"์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I have", "you have", "he" ๋˜๋Š” "she" ๋˜๋Š” "it have"๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:57
is not: "have"; it's: "has" and "they have". Okay? So, again, you have your
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"์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์žˆ๋‹ค"์™€ " ๊ทธ๋“ค์€"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:04
subject, you have the words: "have" or "has". Or if you want it to be a
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "have" ๋˜๋Š” "has". ๋˜๋Š”
06:10
negative sentence about something you didn't do, you can use: "have not" or
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "have not" ๋˜๋Š”
06:16
"has not". Okay? Those are possible.
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"has not"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
And after you have these two parts, the third part is called the past
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
06:26
participle. Okay? That's a really scary-sounding word, I think. It sounds
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
06:31
really grammary and very confusing, but it's not. The "past participle" is a
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์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ"๋Š”
06:39
verb in a specific form. There are two types of forms of the past participle.
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ํŠน์ • ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
You can have regular past participle words, so, for example: "play"; the past
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "play";
06:52
participle of the word "play" is "played", where you add an "ed". Another
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"play"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "played"์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
example of a regular past participle is you have the word: "travel". Now, if you
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์—ฌํ–‰"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ "์—ฌํ–‰"์ด๋ผ๋Š”
07:05
want the past participle of the word "travel", again, you add "ed". We call
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๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ "ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
this "regular" because it has a specific rule: You add "ed" to make it the past
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ํŠน์ • ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "์ •๊ทœ"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
07:16
participle form. If we look over here, in my three sentences: "I have walked".
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๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
This is an example of a regular past participle. The verb is the word "walk",
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "walk"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ ,
07:31
and I've added "ed" to make it a past participle. My second sentence is also
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋„
07:37
an example of this: "I have lived". So, I've taken the verb "live", and I've
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "live"๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:43
just added "ed" to make it "lived". So, that's... those are both examples of
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"ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ "lived"๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด... ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
07:48
regular past participles.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Now, English can be a confusing language, and that's because we have so
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:56
many exceptions to the rules. For past participles, we call these exceptions,
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๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋ฅผ
08:02
"irregular", because they're not the norm. So, some examples of irregular
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"๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋Š”
08:08
past participles are words like: "eaten", so this is the past participle
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"๋จน๋‹ค"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
08:14
of "eat". So, in the present, we say: "eat"; in the past, we say: "ate"; and
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"๋จน๋‹ค"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” "๋จน๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
08:20
with the past participle we say: "eaten". Okay? Or same with the word:
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋จน๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜๋Š”
08:25
"make". "Make", we say: "make" in the present, "made" in the past, and the
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"๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค", ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค ", ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค
08:31
past participle of "make" is "made". It's the same with the word "see"; the
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", "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ณด๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
past participle of "see" is "seen"; or "do", the past participle is "done". Or
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"see"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "seen"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "do", ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” "done"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
08:44
"drink" โ€” I "drink" water, I "drank" water, "I have drunk water". So, "drunk"
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"๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค" โ€” ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ "๋งˆ์‹ ๋‹ค", ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ "๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค", "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "drunk"๋Š”
08:50
is the past participle. So, how do you learn the past participles? If they're
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‚˜์š”?
08:56
not irregular... Or, sorry. If they are not regular, then a lot of the times you
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด... ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
09:02
just have to memorize them. Okay? And you'll start noticing some patterns. But
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์™ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:08
the best advice I can give you is: Think about the words you use a lot, and start
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์€: ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ
09:15
there. So, if you like to talk about food, and experiences with food,
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:20
memorizing the word "eaten" is probably a good idea for you. Okay? So, start
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"๋จน๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์™ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
09:26
with the words you use a lot.
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๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:28
Okay. So, if we look at my example, up here, we have an example of an irregular
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:34
past participle: "I have seen a ghost." All right. So, this is how you create
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. "I have saw a ghost." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
09:44
the form of a present perfect sentence. So, you have the subject, you have
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:51
"have" or "has", and you have the verb, and then you have the rest of the
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"have" ๋˜๋Š” "has"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
09:56
information. But the main thing we're focusing on is this part. Okay. So,
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
10:03
we've talked a lot about the present perfect, we've talked about when we use
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:07
it to talk about past experiences. There are other times we use it. But in this
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š”
10:13
lesson, we're only focusing on talking about past experiences. We've talked
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:18
about the form of the present perfect, and now we are going to do the big
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:24
reveal. We're going to find out what is true and what is false. Okay? What are
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:29
my two truths, and what is my lie? "I have walked 800 kilometers across
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๋‚˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ํšก๋‹จ 800km๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:36
Spain." What do you think? This is true. I can say: "I have walked 800 kilometers
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." ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ „์—ญ์„ 800km ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:50
across Spain." Very crazy, I know. It took 33 days; a very long time. Another
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."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏธ์ณค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋„ ์•Œ์•„. 33์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
thing I can do is I can, instead of saying: "I have walked", I can change
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์€ "๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
11:01
this to: "I've walked". It means the exact same thing. The only difference is
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"๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
11:09
this is... We can shorten "have" to "I've", instead of "I have". So, you
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... "have"๋ฅผ "I have" ๋Œ€์‹  "I've"๋กœ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€
11:17
have a choice. But this is true. What about number two? "I have lived in
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์„ ํƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค
11:25
China" or "I've lived in China." Is this true or false? Is this the truth or a
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" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ๊ฐ€
11:32
lie? This is true. I spent one year living in China. True. So, what is my
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? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ 1๋…„์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง„์‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:44
lie, then? "I have seen a ghost." So, no, I have not. I have not seen a ghost.
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? "๊ท€์‹ ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋ น์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.
11:56
But my brother, my older brother, when he was 25 years old, he saw a ghost. So,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ˜•, ํ˜•์ด 25์‚ด ๋•Œ ๊ท€์‹ ์„ ๋ดค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
12:05
my brother has seen a ghost, or at least he believes he has.
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๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ์€ ์œ ๋ น์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So, there you have it, you found out what's true, what's a lie, and you've
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ง„์‹ค์ด๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:15
learned about the present perfect. So, like I said, the present perfect can be
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š”
12:19
fun. And it's something I really want you to practice because we use it all
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:23
the time in English. And a lot of you have interesting stories or interesting
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:28
lives. So, here is your homework: In the comment section, what I want you to do
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. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ™์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
12:36
is I want you to write three sentences. I want you to write two sentences that
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ
12:43
are true about yourself, using the present perfect. Okay? So, two sentences
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹  ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฐธ์ธ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
12:48
about a past experience that is true. And then I want you to write one
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
12:53
sentence about a past experience that is not true; it's a lie. Okay? And I want
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์“ฐ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด์•ผ. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:59
you to interact with each other. You can guess: What sentences of people are true
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์„œ๋กœ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค
13:04
and which ones are not true? But the main thing is: When you do this in the
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์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ
13:08
comments, it's very important you're talking about a past experience, and
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
13:13
you're using the present perfect. Okay? So, thank you so much for watching. I
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์ฒญ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
hope you have enjoyed today's lesson. I invite you to check out our quiz at
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. www.engvid.com ์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:24
www.engvid.com. There, you can actually practice everything we've learned. Even
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. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
before you write in the comments, maybe you want to practice the form of the
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๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ˜•์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:34
present perfect. Our quiz is a great way to do that. I also would like to invite
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜ํ•œ
13:39
you to subscribe to my channel. There, you will find a whole bunch of different
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์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
13:42
resources on English across all different topics, including vocabulary,
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์–ดํœ˜,
13:47
writing, reading, studying, and many more. So, thank you for watching; and
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์ž‘๋ฌธ, ์ฝ๊ธฐ, ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์˜์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
until next time, take care.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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