English Grammar - The Subjunctive

257,470 views ・ 2012-02-20

English with Alex


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey guys, I'm Alex. Thanks for clicking and welcome to this advanced grammar lesson on
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ €λŠ” μ•Œλ ‰μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클릭해 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 가정법에 λŒ€ν•œ κ³ κΈ‰ 문법 κ°•μ˜μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:07
the subjunctive. Now, this is a formal structure that we often use to emphasize urgency or
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. 자, 이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•¨μ΄λ‚˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 곡식적인 κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:15
importance. The subjunctive is a part of grammar that we use after certain verbs or with certain
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. 가정법은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ νŠΉμ • 동사 뒀에 λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • 동사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έλ²•μ˜ μΌλΆ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:24
verbs. So, I have a list of verbs at the bottom of the board here. We have advise, ask, command,
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. μ—¬κΈ° κ²Œμ‹œνŒ ν•˜λ‹¨μ— 동사 λͺ©λ‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‘°μ–Έν•˜κ³ , 묻고, λͺ…λ Ήν•˜κ³ , μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:31
demand, desire, insist, propose, recommend, request, suggest, and urge. And these verbs,
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, μ›ν•˜κ³ , μ£Όμž₯ν•˜κ³ , μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ , μΆ”μ²œν•˜κ³ , μš”μ²­ν•˜κ³ , μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³ , μ΄‰κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이 동사듀은
00:40
when you use them to talk about urgency or importance, how something needs to be done
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κΈ΄κΈ‰μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±, μ–΄λ–€ 일을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€
00:46
or you suggest something, they are followed with a certain structure. And this structure
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일을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ νŠΉμ •ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이 κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ”
00:52
is demonstrated on the board for you guys. And again, this is commonly used for advice.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ³΄λ“œμ— μ‹œμ—°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이것은 일반적으둜 쑰언에 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
So, for example, "She suggested that I leave early." Okay, so the subjunctive needs two
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ 일찍 λ– λ‚  것을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ." 자, κ°€μ •λ²•μ—λŠ” 두 가지가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:05
things. First, you need the subject, right? The person who mentioned whatever it is that
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. λ¨Όμ € μ£Όμ œκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ ? 정보가 무엇이든 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:11
the information is. You have the verb, right? Kind of like the advice verb or the urgency
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. 동사가 있죠? μΆ©κ³  λ™μ‚¬λ‚˜ κΈ΄κΈ‰
01:19
verb or importance verb. So, "She suggested." We have "that." Now, "that" is optional, so
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λ™μ‚¬λ‚˜ μ€‘μš” 동사와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "저것"을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 "that"은 선택 μ‚¬ν•­μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
01:25
I put it in brackets. You can use it or you can not use it. It's your decision. Then,
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κ΄„ν˜Έ μ•ˆμ— λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신은 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ˜λŠ” 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„€κ°€ κ²°μ •ν•  일이야. 그런 λ‹€μŒ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•œ
01:32
you have the person who received the message of importance or urgency. Then, this is very
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό 받은 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 그런 λ‹€μŒ 이것은 맀우
01:40
important, you have the verb, which is always in the simple form, even in the third person.
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μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚ΌμΈμΉ­μ—μ„œλ„ 항상 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 동사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
Okay? Now, at first, it might be a little weird. It sounds a little strange, but grammatically,
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μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이제 μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” 쑰금 이상할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰금 μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ λ“€λ¦¬κ² μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
01:53
this is absolutely correct. So, let's read the sentences and talk about them individually.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 λ¬Έμž₯을 읽고 κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:59
So, "She suggested," right, in the past, "She suggested that I leave early." Okay? So, here
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”." λ§žμ•„μš”, κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” "κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚΄κ°€ 일찍 λ– λ‚˜μžκ³  μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμ–΄μš”." μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°
02:07
you have, again, "She suggested to me." So, "She suggested that I leave early." And again,
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λ‹€μ‹œ "κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ 일찍 λ– λ‚  것을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." 그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ
02:15
simple verb, right? "I recommend that you study hard." The same construction. "I recommend
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 동사죠? "μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ." 같은 κ΅¬μ‘°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "
02:23
to you," right, "that you study hard." Next, here we have a third person. So, this is the
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." λ§žμ•„μš”. "μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λΌκ³ ." λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κΈ° 제3μžκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은 μ²˜μŒμ—
02:29
one that might sound a little weird to you in the beginning, since most third person
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 쑰금 μ΄μƒν•˜κ²Œ 듀릴 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ . μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 3인칭
02:35
verbs -- well, most all. Sorry for that, guys. All third person verbs in the present simple
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동사이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬ λ‹¨μˆœν˜•μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  3인칭 λ™μ‚¬μ—λŠ”
02:41
require an "s." Now, in the subjunctive, in this mode where you're talking about advice
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"s"κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자, κ°€μ •λ²•μ—μ„œ 쑰언에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 무언가
02:48
or you're emphasizing importance or urgency of something, you don't use the "s." You always
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의 μ€‘μš”μ„±μ΄λ‚˜ 긴급성을 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“œμ—μ„œλŠ” "s"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신은 항상
02:54
use the simple verb. So, "It's important that he come on time." Okay? Here you have the
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "제 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? 여기에
03:01
verb, "come." We don't say, "That he comes." It's important that he comes on time. Grammatically,
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"μ˜€λ‹€"λΌλŠ” 동사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "κ·Έκ°€ μ˜¨λ‹€"κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έκ°€ μ •μ‹œμ— μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
03:07
it should be, "It's important that he come on time." Next, finally, we have a negative.
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"κ·Έκ°€ 제 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ."μ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ„€κ±°ν‹°λΈŒκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
If you want to make the subjunctive negative, you just add the word "not" before the verb.
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가정법을 λΆ€μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ 동사 μ•žμ— "not"μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
So, "I propose that we not go there." "Not I propose that we don't go there." Okay? Now,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 거기에 가지 μ•Šμ„ 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." "μ•„λ‹ˆ, λ‚˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 거기에 가지 μ•Šμ„ 것을 μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." μ’‹μ•„μš”? μ•„μ‹œ
03:28
as you noticed, this might sound very formal, right? It is a little formal, and honestly,
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λ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 이것은 맀우 ν˜•μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ 듀릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ? 쑰금 격식을 차리고 μ†”μ§νžˆ
03:36
there are people who do say, "I propose that we don't go there." It's accepted in speech.
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"그곳에 가지 말자고 μ œμ•ˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 말둜 λ°›μ•„λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
It's accepted in spoken English. Grammatically, though, this is the way you are supposed to
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μ˜μ–΄νšŒν™”λ‘œ μ ‘μˆ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ
03:46
say it. Same with the third person example, okay? "It's important that he come on time."
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말해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 3인칭 μ˜ˆμ™€ λ™μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "제 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
03:52
You will hear native speakers that say, "It's important that he comes on time." Meaning-wise,
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" κ·Έκ°€ 제 μ‹œκ°„μ— μ˜€λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."λΌλŠ” μ›μ–΄λ―Όμ˜ 말을 λ“£κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜λ―ΈμƒμœΌλ‘œ,
03:59
you understand the meaning, right? You think, "There's nothing wrong with that sentence."
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의미λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ…¨μ£ ? 당신은 "κ·Έ λ¬Έμž₯μ—λŠ” 아무 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†λ‹€"κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
Grammatically, it's supposed to be this, all right? So, just be aware that there is a difference
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λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ
04:09
between what is grammatically correct and what is used, because both are used, okay?
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λ¬Έλ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 것과 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” 것 μ‚¬μ΄μ—λŠ” 차이가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”. λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
All right, guys. If you want to test your understanding of the subjunctive, and also,
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μ’‹μ•„, μ–˜λ“€μ•„. 가정법에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ³  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어 쀑
04:19
I recommend if you don't understand some of these words, check out, you know, any dictionary
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일뢀λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 경우
04:24
website on the internet, like freedictionary.com or dictionary.com to check the meaning. And,
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freedictionary.com λ˜λŠ” dictionary.comκ³Ό 같은 μΈν„°λ„·μ˜ 사전 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 의미. 그리고
04:31
again, if you want to check your understanding of using the subjunctive, make sure that you
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λ‹€μ‹œ 가정법 μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
04:35
check out the quiz on www.engvid.com. Take care, guys. See ya.
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www.engvid.comμ—μ„œ ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”. μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”. λ‹€μŒμ— 봐.

Original video on YouTube.com
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이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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