Speculation in the Present - MUST, HAS TO, HAS GOT TO

111,820 views ใƒป 2011-05-28

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on speculation
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚็พๅœจใฎ ๆŠ•ๆฉŸใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:11
in the present. Now, some of these words you might be familiar with already, and you might
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ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฏ ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใงใซใ‚ˆใ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›
00:18
be familiar with using them for talking about obligation. Today, we're talking about speculation.
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ใ‚“ใ—ใ€็พฉๅ‹™ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ . ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ†ถๆธฌใฎใŠ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
00:26
So that means trying to guess about a certain situation in the present. So, if you are almost
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€็พๅœจใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ็Šถๆณใซใคใ„ใฆๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ
00:34
certain of something, you're almost positive that something is true in the present, there
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใปใผ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ็พๅœจใซใŠใ„ใฆ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใปใผ่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใงใ™
00:40
are some expressions that we use all the time. So, if you're almost certain, we have three
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.็งใŸใกใŒๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎ่กจ็พใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใปใผ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ 3 ใคใฎ
00:47
sentences here. "He must be at work." So again, if somebody asks you, "Well, where is John
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ๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ไธญใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ— ใพใ™ใŒใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏ
00:54
today?" And you look at your watch, and you see that it's 10 o'clock, you know that John
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใจ 10 ๆ™‚ใซใชใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ธใƒงใƒณ
01:00
usually works at 10 o'clock, is at work at 10 o'clock, you would say, "Well, he must
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ใฏ้€šๅธธ 10 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ 10 ๆ™‚ใซไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:06
be at work." You think very, very strongly that he is at work, so you say, "Well, he
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." ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ๅฝผใŒไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจ้žๅธธใซๅผทใๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™
01:12
must be at work." Okay? So we can use "must" to speculate very, very strongly. We can also
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œmustใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆ ใ€้žๅธธใซๅผทๅŠ›ใซๆŽจๆธฌใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:20
use "has got to." So, "She has got to be sleeping." So again, maybe it's 7 o'clock in the morning,
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ใ€Œhas got toใ€ใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠใฏๆœใฎ 7 ๆ™‚
01:28
you know that your friend, Mary, doesn't wake up until 7.30. So, if someone asks you, "Well,
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฎ Mary ใฏ 7 ๆ™‚ 30 ๅˆ†ใพใง่ตทใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใซใ€Œ
01:35
where is Mary?" You look at your watch, "Oh, she's got to be sleeping. She has got to be
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ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใฎ?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ™‚่จˆใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€‚ๅฝผๅฅณใฏไปŠๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ
01:41
sleeping right now." You're almost certain. Okay? "Has got to be sleeping." And "She has
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้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใปใผ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฏใฆใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ ใใ—ใฆใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ
01:48
to be babysitting." Again, you know that your friend usually babysits on Saturdays. It is
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ใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ ๅ‹ไบบใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
01:55
Saturday today, and your friends ask you, "Well, where is she?" You say, "Well, this
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ๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹้”ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
02:02
time, usually she's babysitting, so I think, well, she has to be babysitting." I'm almost
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ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€้€šๅธธใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผๅฅณใŒๅญๅฎˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใปใผ้–“้•ใ„ใชใ„
02:08
certain that she's babysitting. Okay? Now, in terms of formality, most of the time, you're
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ ๅฝขๅผ็š„ใซ่จ€ใˆใฐใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆ
02:18
gonna use this in the spoken word, but you're going to contract it. So, as a native speaker,
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ใ€่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็ธฎ็ด„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒ– ใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใจใ—ใฆใ€
02:24
I would say this as, "She's gotta be sleeping." Okay? So, most of the time, we would speak
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็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ
02:31
it like this, "She's gotta be." And again, it's not, "She is got to be." In spoken word,
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ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใ†ใงใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ—่จ€่‘‰ใง
02:46
"She's gotta be" means, "She has got to be sleeping." Okay? Now, if you are less certain
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ใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฏใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰
02:54
of something, we have three words, three expressions that we use, and they are, I'm sure you're
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ใ€็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€3 ใคใฎ่กจ็พ
03:00
familiar with them already, "might, may, and could." "Might, may, and could." So again,
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ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใใ—ใฆๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Š
03:11
if you're not as certain of something, you're about 50% sure of something, you're guessing
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ ใซใคใ„ใฆ็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ใ€็ด„ 50% ใฎ็ขบไฟกใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
03:18
about something or someone happening, you can use "might, may, or could." So, the first
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ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใพใŸใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใ€Œmightใ€mayใ€or couldใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ
03:23
sentence, "They might be watching TV." So, again, where are our friends, or where are
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ๆ–‡ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŸใกใฎๅ‹ไบบใ‚„
03:30
our brothers and sisters? "Oh, they might be watching TV." That's a possibility. So,
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ๅ…„ๅผŸๅง‰ๅฆนใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Š
03:35
with these expressions, you are saying that something is a possibility. There is a chance
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ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:42
that this is true. So, I think, "You may be 22." If someone says, "Guess my age. How old
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ22ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ€Œ็งใฎๅนด้ฝขใ‚’ๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
03:49
am I?" You'd say, "You might be, you may be, you could be 22." Okay? And finally, "Marcus
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็งใฏไฝ•ๆญณใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏ22ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€22ๆญณใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚น
03:58
could be the best player on the team." So, here, you're trying to guess, okay, who is
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ใฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ้ธๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใงใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
04:06
the best player on this team? Football team, soccer team, hockey team, doesn't matter.
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใƒใƒผใƒ ใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ้ธๆ‰‹ใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹? ใƒ•ใƒƒใƒˆใƒœใƒผใƒซใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ ใ‚ตใƒƒใ‚ซใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใƒ›ใƒƒใ‚ฑใƒผใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€้–ขไฟ‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:13
And I think, you look at Marcus, and you say, "I think Marcus could be the best player on
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ€ ใ€Œใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใ‚นใฏใƒใƒผใƒ ใงๆœ€้ซ˜ใฎ้ธๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
04:19
the team." I think there's a good chance. So, you're speculating, okay? If you want
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ใ€‚ ใƒใƒฃใƒณใ‚นใฏใ‚ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:25
to make a negative speculation, most of the time, you just put "not" in front of these
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆŽจๆธฌใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่กจ็พใฎๅ‰ใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™
04:31
expressions. So, instead of saying, "He must be at work," you would say, "He must not be
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใซ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:37
at work." Okay? For "has got to," not really able to put a "not" here, right? So, "She
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œhas got toใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ ใฏใ€ใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ใ“ใ“ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณ
04:50
has not got to be sleeping." "She hasn't got to be sleeping." No. "Has to" doesn't really
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ใฏๅฏใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใ€ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ„ใ„ใˆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ›
04:57
work either. "She not has to." "She has not to." "She has to not be babysitting." That's
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ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใƒ™ใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใใ‚Œ
05:04
a possibility, okay? Not very common to say that, though. In this situation, not, not,
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ใฏๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ†่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎ็Šถๆณใงใฏใ€ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใใฆใ€
05:20
not after these, okay? And that's it. So, if you want to speculate in the future, sorry,
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ใ“ใฎๅพŒใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ไปฅไธŠใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ— ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅฐ†ๆฅใซใคใ„ใฆๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใชใ‚‰ใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
05:29
in the present, in the future when you're using your English, but speculating about
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ใŒใ€็พๅœจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฎๆœชๆฅใงใ™ใŒ
05:35
the present, if you're almost certain of something, "must," "has got to," "has to." If you are
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ใ€็พๅœจใซใคใ„ใฆๆŽจๆธฌใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใปใผ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
05:42
less certain, 50% sure, "might," "may," "could." Okay? If you want to test your understanding
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็ขบไฟกใŒๆŒใฆใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€50% ใฎ็ขบ็Ž‡ใงใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใฎ็†่งฃๅบฆใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com
05:51
of this, check out the quiz at the bottom of this video on www.engvid.com. Thanks, guys.
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ใงใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎไธ‹้ƒจใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€‚ ใฟใ‚“ใชใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚
05:57
Take care, and good luck.
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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