Speculation in the Present - MUST, HAS TO, HAS GOT TO

113,783 views ・ 2011-05-28

English with Alex


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on speculation
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ•Œλ ‰μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 클릭해 μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 좔츑에 λŒ€ν•œ κ°•μ˜μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:11
in the present. Now, some of these words you might be familiar with already, and you might
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. 자, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 이미 μ΅μˆ™ν•  수 있으며 μ˜λ¬΄μ—
00:18
be familiar with using them for talking about obligation. Today, we're talking about speculation.
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λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ΅μˆ™ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 였늘 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 좔츑에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
So that means trying to guess about a certain situation in the present. So, if you are almost
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그것은 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œμ•½ 당신이
00:34
certain of something, you're almost positive that something is true in the present, there
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무언가λ₯Ό 거의 ν™•μ‹ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 당신은 ν˜„μž¬ μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 거의 ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
are some expressions that we use all the time. So, if you're almost certain, we have three
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 항상 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 거의 ν™•μ‹€ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 여기에 μ„Έ 개의
00:47
sentences here. "He must be at work." So again, if somebody asks you, "Well, where is John
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λ¬Έμž₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ·ΈλŠ” μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ, λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ "κΈ€μŽ„μš”, John은 였늘 어디에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
00:54
today?" And you look at your watch, and you see that it's 10 o'clock, you know that John
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?"라고 λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄. 그리고 μ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό 보면 10μ‹œμ΄κ³  John은
01:00
usually works at 10 o'clock, is at work at 10 o'clock, you would say, "Well, he must
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보톡 10μ‹œμ— μΌν•˜κ³  10μ‹œμ—
01:06
be at work." You think very, very strongly that he is at work, so you say, "Well, he
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μΌν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ." 당신은 κ·Έκ°€ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ•„μ£Ό μ•„μ£Ό κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:12
must be at work." Okay? So we can use "must" to speculate very, very strongly. We can also
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. μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” "must"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ•„μ£Ό, μ•„μ£Ό κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ
01:20
use "has got to." So, "She has got to be sleeping." So again, maybe it's 7 o'clock in the morning,
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"has got to"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μžμ•Ό ν•΄." λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ•„μΉ¨ 7μ‹œλΌλ©΄
01:28
you know that your friend, Mary, doesn't wake up until 7.30. So, if someone asks you, "Well,
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친ꡬ인 Maryκ°€ 7μ‹œ 30λΆ„κΉŒμ§€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ "κΈ€μŽ„,
01:35
where is Mary?" You look at your watch, "Oh, she's got to be sleeping. She has got to be
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MaryλŠ” μ–΄λ”” μžˆλ‹ˆ?"라고 λ¬»λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 당신은 μ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό 보며 "였, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 자고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄. κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
01:41
sleeping right now." You're almost certain. Okay? "Has got to be sleeping." And "She has
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μ§€κΈˆ 자고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄." 당신은 거의 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? "μžμ•Ό 돼." 그리고 "κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
01:48
to be babysitting." Again, you know that your friend usually babysits on Saturdays. It is
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μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λŒλ΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μΉœκ΅¬λŠ” 보톡 ν† μš”μΌμ— μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λŒλ³Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
Saturday today, and your friends ask you, "Well, where is she?" You say, "Well, this
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μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ ν† μš”μΌμ΄κ³  μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ΄ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κΈ€μŽ„, κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ–΄λ”” μžˆλ‹ˆ?" 당신은 "κΈ€μŽ„,
02:02
time, usually she's babysitting, so I think, well, she has to be babysitting." I'm almost
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 보톡 κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 아이λ₯Ό 돌보고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 아이λ₯Ό λŒλ΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ”
02:08
certain that she's babysitting. Okay? Now, in terms of formality, most of the time, you're
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό 돌보고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  거의 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 자, κ²©μ‹μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 보면, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우
02:18
gonna use this in the spoken word, but you're going to contract it. So, as a native speaker,
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κ΅¬μ–΄μ²΄μ—μ„œ 이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ, μΆ•μ•½ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ›μ–΄λ―ΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
02:24
I would say this as, "She's gotta be sleeping." Okay? So, most of the time, we would speak
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 자고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”." μ’‹μ•„μš”? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ— μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:31
it like this, "She's gotta be." And again, it's not, "She is got to be." In spoken word,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” κ·Έλž˜μ•Όλ§Œ ν•΄." 그리고 λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€"κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
"She's gotta be" means, "She has got to be sleeping." Okay? Now, if you are less certain
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"She's got to be"λŠ” "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 자고 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄"λΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 자, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€
02:54
of something, we have three words, three expressions that we use, and they are, I'm sure you're
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것이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έ κ°€μ§€ 단어, μ„Έ κ°€μ§€ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 그것듀은 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄
03:00
familiar with them already, "might, may, and could." "Might, may, and could." So again,
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이미 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΉœμˆ™ ν•  것이라고 ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. "ν•  수 있고, ν•  수 있고, ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:11
if you're not as certain of something, you're about 50% sure of something, you're guessing
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μ–΄λ–€ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄, 무언가에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•½ 50% ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κ³ ,
03:18
about something or someone happening, you can use "might, may, or could." So, the first
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무언가 λ˜λŠ” λˆ„κ΅°κ°€κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄, "might, may, or could"λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 첫 번째
03:23
sentence, "They might be watching TV." So, again, where are our friends, or where are
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λ¬Έμž₯은 "그듀은 TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€."μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 우리 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ€ 어디에 있고
03:30
our brothers and sisters? "Oh, they might be watching TV." That's a possibility. So,
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우리의 ν˜•μ œμžλ§€λ“€μ€ 어디에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? "μ•„, 그듀은 TVλ₯Ό 보고 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€." 그럴 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ
03:35
with these expressions, you are saying that something is a possibility. There is a chance
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ„ 톡해 당신은 μ–΄λ–€ 것이 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
that this is true. So, I think, "You may be 22." If someone says, "Guess my age. How old
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이것이 사싀일 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” "당신은 22살일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ "λ‚΄ λ‚˜μ΄λ₯Ό 맞좰봐. λ‚΄κ°€ λͺ‡ 살인지
03:49
am I?" You'd say, "You might be, you may be, you could be 22." Okay? And finally, "Marcus
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?" 당신은 "당신은 22살일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ "λ§ˆμ»€μŠ€λŠ”
03:58
could be the best player on the team." So, here, you're trying to guess, okay, who is
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νŒ€μ—μ„œ 졜고의 μ„ μˆ˜κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€." 자, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
04:06
the best player on this team? Football team, soccer team, hockey team, doesn't matter.
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이 νŒ€μ—μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ 졜고의 μ„ μˆ˜μΈμ§€ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΆ•κ΅¬νŒ€, μΆ•κ΅¬νŒ€, ν•˜ν‚€νŒ€ μƒκ΄€μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
And I think, you look at Marcus, and you say, "I think Marcus could be the best player on
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그리고 제 생각에 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 마컀슀λ₯Ό 보고 "λ§ˆμ»€μŠ€κ°€ νŒ€μ—μ„œ 졜고의 μ„ μˆ˜κ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:19
the team." I think there's a good chance. So, you're speculating, okay? If you want
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."라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쒋은 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, 당신은 μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ?
04:25
to make a negative speculation, most of the time, you just put "not" in front of these
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뢀정적인 좔츑을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 경우 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν‘œν˜„ μ•žμ— "not"을 λΆ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:31
expressions. So, instead of saying, "He must be at work," you would say, "He must not be
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. λ”°λΌμ„œ "κ·ΈλŠ” μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  "κ·ΈλŠ” μΌν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:37
at work." Okay? For "has got to," not really able to put a "not" here, right? So, "She
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. μ’‹μ•„μš”? "ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€"에 λŒ€ν•΄ "μ•„λ‹ˆμ˜€"λ₯Ό 여기에 넣을 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†κ² μ£ ? κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
04:50
has not got to be sleeping." "She hasn't got to be sleeping." No. "Has to" doesn't really
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μžμ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€." "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μžμ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ 돼 ." μ•„λ‹ˆμš”. "ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€"도 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:57
work either. "She not has to." "She has not to." "She has to not be babysitting." That's
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. "그럴 ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄." "그럴 ν•„μš” μ—†μ–΄ ." "κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό λŒλ³΄μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." 그럴
05:04
a possibility, okay? Not very common to say that, though. In this situation, not, not,
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κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ–΄μš”, μ•Œμ•˜μ£ ? ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ, μ•„λ‹ˆ, μ•„λ‹ˆ,
05:20
not after these, okay? And that's it. So, if you want to speculate in the future, sorry,
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이 이후에, μ•Œμ•˜μ§€? 그리고 그게 λ‹€μ•Ό. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ―Έλž˜μ— μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
in the present, in the future when you're using your English, but speculating about
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ν˜„μž¬ λ―Έλž˜μ— μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
05:35
the present, if you're almost certain of something, "must," "has got to," "has to." If you are
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거의 ν™•μ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ ~ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€."
05:42
less certain, 50% sure, "might," "may," "could." Okay? If you want to test your understanding
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ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 경우 50% ν™•μ‹ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄
05:51
of this, check out the quiz at the bottom of this video on www.engvid.com. Thanks, guys.
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www.engvid.comμ—μ„œ 이 λΉ„λ””μ˜€ ν•˜λ‹¨μ— μžˆλŠ” ν€΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”.
05:57
Take care, and good luck.
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μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜μ‹œκ³  ν–‰μš΄μ„ λΉ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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