Improve your writing: Adverb Clauses

259,866 views ใƒป 2011-06-17

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey guys, this is Alex. Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on adverb clauses.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:11
Now this is especially useful for those of you who are writing essays, or are just generally
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใ€ใ‚จใƒƒใ‚ปใ‚คใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใ‚„ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ
00:17
more interested in learning about English grammatical structure, especially when it
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่‹ฑ่ชžใฎ ๆ–‡ๆณ•ๆง‹้€ ใ€็‰นใซ
00:21
comes to writing. Now, I'm not saying these are not useful in speaking, but a lot of them
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ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ้–ขใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ˆˆๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆ็‰นใซไพฟๅˆฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒใ‚นใƒ”ใƒผใ‚ญใƒณใ‚ฐใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใŸใชใ„ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใฏ
00:27
will be more useful in your written work. So, first of all, what is an adverb? Okay,
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ๆ–‡็ซ ใ‚’ๆ›ธใไธŠใงใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฝน็ซ‹ใคใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใพใšๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆ
00:32
well, an adverb, again, it can modify a verb. It tells you how something is done, when something
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ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใ„ใค่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใชใœ่กŒใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
00:38
is done, why something is done. So, what we have here are adverb clauses. So, a clause
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ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€็ฏ€
00:46
is a part of a sentence. It has a subject, a verb, and an object. Now, there are two
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ใฏๆ–‡ใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชž ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็ฏ€ใซใฏ2
00:52
kinds of clauses. You can have a subordinate clause, or just a regular independent clause.
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็จฎ้กžใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๅฑž ็ฏ€ใพใŸใฏ้€šๅธธใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใฎใฟใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:00
An independent clause is a clause that expresses a complete thought. It has a subject, a verb,
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็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใจใฏ ใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ€ๆƒณใ‚’่กจ็พใ™ใ‚‹็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉž
01:06
and an object, and a complete meaning. A subordinate clause is a clause that has a subordinating
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ใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅพ“ๅฑž ็ฏ€ใฏใ€ๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ๆŒใค็ฏ€ใงใ™ใŒใ€
01:14
conjunction, as well as a complete sentence, but it doesn't make sense by itself. It needs
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ใใ‚Œ่‡ชไฝ“ใงใฏๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ๅŠฉใ‘ใŒๅฟ…่ฆ
01:22
help, okay? So, on the board here, we have some subordinate clauses, adverb clauses,
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ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใฏใ€ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใ€
01:30
specifically, followed by regular independent clauses. So, on the board, let's look at the
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็‰นใซ้€šๅธธใฎ็‹ฌ็ซ‹ ็ฏ€ใŒ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
01:37
first sentence here. This one says, "When I finished my work, I called you." Okay, first
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ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ใ€Œ ไป•ไบ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆ
01:44
of all, can you tell me which of these two parts of the sentence, which of them expresses
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ใซใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ใคใฎ ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎใ†ใกใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ
01:50
a complete thought? You will see that they are separated by a comma here, right? So,
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใช่€ƒใˆใ‚’่กจใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใพใ™ใ‹? ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
01:56
this is one clause, "When I finished my homework," and this is another clause, "I called you."
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจใใ€ ใจใ„ใ†็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅˆฅใฎ็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:04
Okay, this one, you have a subject, a verb, and an object. This one, you have a subject,
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ไธป่ชž
02:14
a verb, and an object, but you also have the word "when." Now, the word "when" is called
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ใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€็›ฎ็š„่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ„ใคใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰
02:24
a subordinating conjunction, in this case. Okay, I hope you can read that. Now, what
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ใฏๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ
02:45
this means, again, is that this sentence, this part of the sentence, "When I finished
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎ ใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจใ
02:50
my homework," is not a complete thought, okay? You can't just go up to someone and say, "When
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ใ€ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ€่€ƒใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ่ชฐใ‹ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“
02:56
I finished my homework." Okay, you need more information, right? So, that's where this
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใง
03:02
part of the sentence comes in. "I called you." "When I finished my homework, I called you."
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ใ€ๆ–‡ใฎใ“ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎๅ‡บ็•ชใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
03:08
This is a complete sentence. "I called you." I can go up to someone and say, "I called
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ "ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚" ็งใฏ่ชฐใ‹ใซ่ฟ‘ใฅใ„ใฆใ€Œ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†
03:14
you," and they understand that it's a complete thought. Now, this, all of these, are examples
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ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚ŒใŒๅฎŒๅ…จใช่€ƒใˆใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™. ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ
03:21
of adverb clauses. So, if you look at the words here, let's circle the subordinating
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใฎไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆ ใ€ๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใซไธธใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:26
conjunctions. So, "When I finished my homework, I called you." "Because there was a lot of
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œๅฎฟ้กŒใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง
03:31
traffic, I showed up late." What is the subordinating conjunction here? "Because there was a lot
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ใ€้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใฎๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใฏไฝ• ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸ
03:42
of traffic, I showed up late." "Everywhere I go, I take my camera." Here you have "everywhere."
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ใฎใงใ€้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใฉใ“ ใซ่กŒใใซใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใฏใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:50
"If she's going to the party, I won't go." "If." "While she's good at math, I'm good
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ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ "ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใ€‚" ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€็งใฏๆญดๅฒใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™
03:59
at history." "While." So, again, these can really, really help you when you want to tell
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ใ€‚ใ€ "ใใฎ้–“ใ€‚" ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ™
04:09
someone when something happened, why something happened, where something happened, okay?
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ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒใ„ใคใ€ใชใœ ใ€ใฉใ“ใงใ€ใฉใ“ใง่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใซไผใˆใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใกใพใ™ใ€‚
04:17
So, let's look at this example. "Because there was a lot of traffic, I showed up late." Again,
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใงใ€้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€
04:23
"I showed up late" is an independent clause. This is a subordinate clause, an adverb clause
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ใ€Œ้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚ŒใŸใ€ใฏ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€
04:31
that needs more information. "Because there was a lot of traffic." Okay, you need more
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅคšใใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€
04:37
information there, okay? Just like, "Everywhere I go." You need more information. So, what
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ใใ“ใซใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ€Œใฉใ“ใธ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
04:44
an adverb clause does is, it basically qualifies this sentence. It gives you a little bit,
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ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใŒ่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฟฎ้ฃพใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™ใ€
04:52
it gives you the starter for the next sentence. So, "Everywhere I go, I take my camera." Now,
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซๆฌกใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚’ไธŽใˆใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใธ่กŒใใซใ‚‚ใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ•ใฆใ€
04:57
you'll notice, when you have a subordinate clause, when you begin a sentence or a thought
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ๅพ“ๅฑž ็ฏ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
05:02
with a subordinate clause, like we've done here, "When I finished my work." "Because
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ใ€ใ“ใ“ใง่กŒใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ใงๆ–‡ใ‚„่€ƒใˆใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ ใจใใซใ€ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใŸใจใใ€ใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ
05:07
there was a lot of traffic." "Everywhere I go." "If she's going to the party." "While
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ไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใฉใ“ใธ ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ ใ€ŒๅฝผๅฅณใŒใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œ
05:13
she's good at math." We always separate the two clauses with a comma, comma, comma, comma,
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆ•ฐๅญฆใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใŒใ€‚ใ€ 2 ใคใฎๅฅใฏๅธธใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใ€
05:24
and comma. And the second part of the clause is going to be a complete sentence. "I called
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ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€็ฏ€ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ้ƒจๅˆ† ใฏๅฎŒๅ…จใชๆ–‡ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ "ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
05:31
you." "I showed up late." "I take my camera." "I won't go." "I'm good at history." So, when
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ใ€‚" ใ€Œ็งใฏ้…ใ‚Œใฆ็พใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ซใƒกใƒฉใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ€Œ็งใฏๆญดๅฒใŒๅพ—ๆ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
05:39
the subordinate clause, the adverb clause, here comes first, you have to separate it
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ใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅพ“ๅฑž็ฏ€ ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๆ–‡
05:44
with a comma before you start the next part of the sentence. However, you can actually
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ใฎๆฌกใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใงๅŒบๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใŸใ ใ—ใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ
05:50
flip these around, okay? So that the subordinate clause, the adverb clause, comes second in
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฃ่ฟ”ใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ๅพ“ๅฑž ็ฏ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€
05:58
the sentence. So, if you wanted to say, "I called you when I finished my work," you can
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ใŒๆ–‡ใฎ 2 ็•ช็›ฎใซใชใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใŒ็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰้›ป่ฉฑใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
06:04
do that. If you want to say, "I showed up late because there was a lot of traffic,"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง้…ใ‚Œใฆๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
06:09
you can do that. When the independent clause comes first, okay? So, for example, let's
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ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ ใŒๆœ€ๅˆใซๆฅใ‚‹ใจใใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใˆใฐ
06:16
do this sentence. "I showed up late because there was a lot of work." Or, sorry, "a lot
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ใ‚„ใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œไป•ไบ‹ใŒๅคšใ‹ใฃใŸใฎใง้…ๅˆปใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใ€Œๅคง้‡
06:35
of traffic." "A lot of traffic." When you put the independent clause first, you don't
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ใฎใƒˆใƒฉใƒ•ใ‚ฃใƒƒใ‚ฏใ€ใ€‚ "ไบค้€š้‡ใŒๅคšใ„ใ€‚" ็‹ฌ็ซ‹็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆœ€ๅˆใซ็ฝฎใใจใใฏ
06:47
need a comma, okay? It's only when you begin the sentence with one of these types of words.
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ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใƒžใฏๅฟ…่ฆใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎใ„ใšใ‚Œใ‹ใงๆ–‡ใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
06:54
So, let's look now at the types of subordinating adverb clauses. Okay, now we have some common
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๅพ“ๅฑžๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใฎ็จฎ้กžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ไธŠใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช
07:07
adverb clause types on the board. So, as you saw in the previous segment of the video,
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ‰ใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใง่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:14
we had some sentences and they all began with words like "because," "when," "where," "if."
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ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€Œbecauseใ€ใ€ใ€Œwhenใ€ใ€ใ€Œwhereใ€ใ€ใ€Œifใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
07:21
And what we have here are examples and a bit more detail in terms of what these words and
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏไพ‹ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚„่กจ็พใŒๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใฆใ„
07:27
expressions actually mean. So, some common types of adverb clauses are adverb clauses
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹
07:33
of time. Now, these can begin with words like, for example, "when," "while," "before," "after,"
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ใฏใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œwhenใ€ใ€ใ€Œwhileใ€ใ€ใ€Œbeforeใ€ใ€ใ€Œafterใ€ใ€
07:42
"once." So, for example, "After I finished my breakfast, I went to school." Or, "Before
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ใ€Œonceใ€ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใงๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ ๆœใ”ใฏใ‚“ใ‚’้ฃŸใน็ต‚ใ‚ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅญฆๆ กใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ
07:50
I called my dad, I had been watching TV." You can have an adverb clause of reason. So,
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็ˆถใซ้›ป่ฉฑใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใ€็งใฏใƒ†ใƒฌใƒ“ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ ็†็”ฑใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใ‚’ๆŒใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€
07:57
these are words and clauses that begin with subordinating conjunctions like "because,"
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ€
08:02
"so," and "since." So, again, these tell you why something happened, okay? "Place," "where,"
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ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใชใฉใฎๅพ“ๅฑžๆŽฅ็ถš่ฉžใงๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚„็ฏ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸ็†็”ฑใ‚’ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ ดๆ‰€
08:12
"everywhere," "anywhere," "wherever." So, kind of like, "Anywhere I go, I meet some
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ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใ€Œใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ‚‚้ข็™ฝใ„ไบบใซไผšใˆใ‚‹ใ€ใฟใŸใ„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜
08:19
interesting people." Or, "Everywhere I have visited, I have always enjoyed the food."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œ ็งใŒ่จชใ‚ŒใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใฏใฉใ“ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:24
Okay? "Condition." Now, a condition, the most common word that you're going to use here
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ "็Šถๆ…‹ใ€‚" ๆกไปถ ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชž
08:30
is "if." We also have expressions like "even if" and "only if." Finally, you have adverb
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ใฏใ€Œifใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚โ€‹โ€‹ใ€ใ‚„ใ€Œใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚‚ใ€ใชใฉใฎ่กจ็พใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€
08:37
clauses of contrast. So, these are some of your very, very common English words like
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ๅฏพๆฏ”ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€ใ€Œใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใชใฉใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎไธ€้ƒจใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„
08:42
"even though," "although," "whereas," not that common, but still to be used, especially in writing,
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ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€็‰นใซๆ›ธ้ขใงใ€
08:49
and "while." Okay? So, these are some common types of adverb clauses. This is not a definitive,
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ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€ŒใชใŒใ‚‰ใ€ใงไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช ใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆฑบๅฎš็š„ใง
08:57
complete list, but this is a good, good, good foundation to give you a structure for how
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅ ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎๆง‹้€ ใ‚’็คบใ™่‰ฏใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ใ€่‰ฏใ„ๅŸบ็›คใงใ™
09:03
you can use them in the future. Okay? Now, again, you can use them mostly in written
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆ›ธ้ขใงไฝฟ็”จใงใ
09:08
form. You can use them in speaking, but knowing adverb clauses will really, really, really
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฉฑใ™ใจใใซไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใŒใ€ ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃ
09:14
improve your writing, especially. If you'd like to test out your knowledge of these adverb
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ€็‰นใซใƒฉใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใŒๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซใ€ๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๆ”นๅ–„ใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ
09:19
clause types and adverb clauses in general, you can check out the quiz on www.engvid.com.
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใฎ็จฎ้กžใจไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‰ฏ่ฉžๅฅใฎ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใŸใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
09:24
Good luck, guys, and take care. Okay, one more thing, guys. If you'd like to get more
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใใ—ใฆๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใ€็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚
09:30
information on adverb clauses and adverb clause types and learn more words related to adverb
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ๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใจๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใฎ็จฎ้กžใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹่ฉณ็ดฐๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—
09:37
clauses of time, reason, place, condition, and contrast, please check out the resources
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ใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใ€็†็”ฑใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ€ๆกไปถใ€ ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ‚ณใƒณใƒˆใƒฉใ‚นใƒˆใฎๅ‰ฏ่ฉž็ฏ€ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ™ใ‚‹ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ใ•ใ‚‰ใซ็Ÿฅใ‚ŠใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ
09:42
page also found on www.engvid.com, and you'll get some more examples and more information
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ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใƒชใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚น ใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไพ‹ใจๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใ•ใ‚‰ใซๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
09:48
in general about this. Okay? Good luck.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅนธ้‹ใ‚’ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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