English Grammar - SHOULD & MUST

266,332 views ใƒป 2010-12-03

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hey, this is Alex.
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ใญใˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Thanks for clicking and welcome to this lesson on "should" versus "must".
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚
00:10
Now first of all, thank you to Noera from Brazil for suggesting this lesson.
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ใพใšใ€ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆๆกˆใ—ใฆใใ‚ŒใŸใƒ–ใƒฉใ‚ธใƒซใฎ Noera ใซๆ„Ÿ่ฌใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:15
I hope that I will be able to explain the difference between the two words for you and
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ใ‚ใชใŸใจไป–ใฎใ™ในใฆใฎ EngVid ใƒฆใƒผใ‚ถใƒผใฎใŸใ‚ใซใ€ใ“ใฎ 2 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎ้•ใ„ใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆใ„
00:20
every other EngVid user.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:23
Now we have a couple of sentences on the board and they're both using "should" and "must"
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ไปŠใ€ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
00:28
in a particular way.
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ใ‚’็‰นๅฎšใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:31
So in the first sentence we have "I should see a doctor" and "I must see a doctor".
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๆ–‡ใซใฏใ€ŒI should see a doctorใ€ใจใ€ŒI must see a doctorใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:38
Now what do you think is the function of "should" and "must" in these sentences?
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใฎๆฉŸ่ƒฝใฏไฝ•ใ ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?
00:47
So if I tell you "you should see a doctor" or "you must see a doctor", what am I telling
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ในใใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ในใใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚’่จ€ใฃ
00:52
you?
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ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹?
00:53
I am giving you advice, okay?
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ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:56
So in these cases, you can use "should" and "must" for advice, for advisability.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚นใงใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
Now which one is stronger, "must" is stronger?
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใฏใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:12
"Should" means that I think it's a good idea for you to see a doctor, okay?
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใฏใ€ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใ ใจๆ€ใ†ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:17
I think it would benefit you to see a doctor.
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ใŠๅŒป่€…ใ•ใ‚“ใซ่ฆ‹ใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:21
If I say, again the example I have is "I must see a doctor", generally you don't really
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆไพ‹ใ‚’ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ† ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†่‡ช่บซใซใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:27
give advice to yourself, but in this case it is like that.
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ใŒใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:33
So if I tell you "you must see a doctor", I am giving you very strong advice, okay?
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ็งใฏใ‚ใชใŸใซ้žๅธธใซๅผทใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
01:40
So "must" is about 80%, 90% of certainty that you must see a doctor, like 80-90% advisability.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏใ€ๅŒปๅธซใฎ่จบๅฏŸใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ† 80%ใ€90% ใฎ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€80-90% ใฎๆŽจๅฅจๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใจๅŒๆง˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:52
It is very, very serious and you have to, you must see a doctor.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซๆทฑๅˆปใง ใ€ๅŒปๅธซใฎ่จบๅฏŸใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:57
If I say "you should see a doctor", this is maybe about 60% advisability where I am telling
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็งใŒใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใฃใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ใŠใใ‚‰ใ60%ใใ‚‰ใ„ใฎๅฆฅๅฝ“ๆ€งใงใ€็งใฏ
02:05
you that I think it's a good idea.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ่‰ฏใ„่€ƒใˆใ ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹.
02:07
So maybe you have an earache, okay, like a very, very small, not very serious problem,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€่€ณใŒ็—›ใ„ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€้žๅธธใซๅฐใ•ใชใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๆทฑๅˆปใงใฏใชใ„ๅ•้กŒใฎ
02:16
but you should see a doctor.
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ใ‚ˆใ†ใงใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒปๅธซใฎ่จบๅฏŸใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
02:18
It's a good idea, it's good advice for you to see a doctor.
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ๅŒปๅธซใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ใฎใฏ่‰ฏใ„ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
02:22
Whereas if I say "you must see a doctor", okay, it means that maybe your arm is bleeding
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ไธ€ๆ–นใ€ใ€ŒๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ ใ€่…•ใŒๅ‡บ่ก€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:28
or you just broke your leg, and if you don't see a doctor there will be negative consequences.
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ใ‹ใ€่ถณใ‚’้ชจๆŠ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅŒป่€…ใซ่จบใฆใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใชใ„ใจๆ‚ชใ„็ตๆžœใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™.
02:35
Okay, so you can use "should" and "must" for advice, with "must" being stronger.
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ใงใฏใ€"should" ใจ "must" ใ‚’ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚"must" ใฎๆ–นใŒๅผทใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:40
You can also use "should" and "must" in a different way.
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ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ๅˆฅใฎๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:43
If I say "he should be sleeping" or "he must be sleeping", in this case I am talking about
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ† ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹
02:51
degrees of certainty.
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.
02:53
Okay, so you can use "should" and "must" to talk about certainty.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ ใจใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:02
So "certainty" refers to how sure you are that something is happening, something must
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ€ใจใฏ ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„
03:09
be happening, or something should happen or must happen.
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ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ€ ใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ในใใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏ่ตทใ“ใ‚‰ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ็ขบไฟกใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:13
So in these examples, "he should be sleeping" and "he must be sleeping".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ ๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใงใ™ใ€ใจใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:19
So for example, if you come to class in the morning, and your best friend is missing,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๆœใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซๆฅ ใฆใ€่ฆชๅ‹ใŒ่กŒๆ–นไธๆ˜ŽใซใชใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ
03:25
your best friend is not in the class, and I ask you, you know, "where is John?"
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ใ€่ฆชๅ‹ใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซใ„ใชใ„ ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใฉใ“ใซใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
03:31
You say, "he should be sleeping", which means that maybe today, you know, he had a doctor's
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œ ใฏใŠใใ‚‰ใไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅฝผใฏ
03:39
appointment in the morning, going back to the doctor, and his doctor's appointment wasn't
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ๅˆๅ‰ไธญใซ ๅŒป่€…ใฎไบˆ็ด„ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๅŒป่€…ใซๆˆปใฃใฆใ€ๅฝผใฎๅŒป่€…ใฎไบˆ็ด„ใฏ
03:44
until 10 o'clock, and now it's about 8 o'clock, so he doesn't have to wake up until 9 o'clock.
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10ๆ™‚ใพใงใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ็ด„8ๆ™‚ใช ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใฏ9ๆ™‚ใพใง่ตทใใชใใฆใ„ใ„ใ€‚
03:52
Okay, you're still with me, right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใพใ ็งใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:55
Now, if I say, "he should be sleeping", I think, "he is probably sleeping".
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ไปŠใ€ใ€Œๅฏใฆใ‚‹ใฏใšใ€ใจ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œๅคšๅˆ†ๅฏใฆใ‚‹ใ€ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:03
So this, your level of certainty is at about over 50%, "he should be sleeping", "I think
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ขบไฟกๅบฆใฏ 50%ไปฅไธŠใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฏใšใ ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ†ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
04:10
he is sleeping".
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ใ€‚
04:12
Here, "he must be sleeping", you are almost certain that he is sleeping.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏใ€ๅฝผใŒ็œ ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใปใผ็ขบๅฎŸใงใ™ใ€‚
04:18
So for example, if your best friend does not come to class, and I ask you, "where is John?"
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฆชๅ‹ ใŒใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใซๆฅใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œใ‚ธใƒงใƒณใฏใฉใ“๏ผŸใ€ใจๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
04:25
You say, "he must be sleeping", okay?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใซ้•ใ„ใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:28
Maybe he went partying last night, he had a very late night, and this morning, he did
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๅคœใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฝผ ใฏ้žๅธธใซ้…ใ„ๅคœใ‚’้Žใ”ใ—ใ€ไปŠๆœใฏๅฏใฆใ„ใŸใฎใง
04:33
not come to class because he is sleeping.
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ๆŽˆๆฅญใซๆฅใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚
04:37
So your degree of certainty with "must" is much higher than "should", okay?
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใฎ็ขบไฟกๅบฆใฏ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้ซ˜ใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚
04:43
So once again, you can use "should" and "must" either for advice or for certainty.
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใจ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚นใพใŸใฏ็ขบๅฎŸๆ€งใ‚’่กจใ™ใŸใ‚ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Now, if you're not sure about these just yet, please check out the quiz on www.engvid.com
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใพใ ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‰ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ ใ€www.engvid.com ใฎใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
04:59
and test your knowledge.
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ใ€็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:00
Thanks for watching and take care.
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ† ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚

Original video on YouTube.com
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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