English Grammar - This, That, These, Those

193,088 views ใƒป 2010-03-10

English with Alex


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, this is Alex.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€ใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€‚
00:06
Thank you for clicking, and welcome to this beginner lesson on "this, that, these, and
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ใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใฎๅˆๅฟƒ่€…ๅ‘ใ‘ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใ
00:12
those."
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ใ€‚
00:13
Okay, so how we use these words depends on how far we are from an object, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใฎ ไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใฏใ€็‰ฉไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฎ่ท้›ขใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ็•ฐใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:22
So for example, I drew arrows.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็Ÿขๅฐใ‚’ๆใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:25
Here's a ball.
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ใ“ใ“ใซใƒœใƒผใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
00:26
We would say "this ball," okay, because "this" is very close.
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซ่ฟ‘ใ„ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:32
So if I am close to the ball, I would say "this ball."
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŒใƒœใƒผใƒซใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ„ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:38
If I am far away from the ball, I would say "that ball," okay?
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ใƒœใƒผใƒซใ‹ใ‚‰้ ใ้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:45
So "this ball," "that ball," okay?
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใƒœใƒผใƒซใ€ใงใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
00:50
So that's when you have one object.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใง ใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใŒ 1 ใคใซใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
00:52
When it is close, you say "this," when it is far, you say "that."
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่ฟ‘ใ„ใจใใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ ใจ่จ€ใ„ใ€้ ใ„ใจใใฏใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ€‚
00:59
Now when you have more than one, so here we have squares, three squares, more than one.
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1 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎ ๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใ€3 ใคใฎๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใ€1 ใคไปฅไธŠใฎๆญฃๆ–นๅฝขใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:07
If you are close to the squares, let's pretend they are boxes.
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ๅ››่ง’ใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ็ฎฑใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใจไปฎๅฎšใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:12
So these are boxes.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็ฎฑใงใ™ใ€‚
01:14
So we say "these boxes."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใŸใกใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ฎฑใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:17
If we are far away from the boxes, we say "those boxes," okay?
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ใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ‹ใ‚‰้›ขใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใƒœใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
So we can use "this," "that," "these," and "those" in many, many different ways.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใฏใ€้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:32
Let me just give you a few more examples to make sure that you understand, okay?
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็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:38
So to give you some more concrete, real examples, we would say "this mug is white," "this mug."
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใง็พๅฎŸ็š„ใชไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใ‚‹ใจใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใฏ็™ฝใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใฏใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
It's close to me.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:48
If I put the mug over here, I would say "that mug is white," okay?
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ใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚’ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใซ็ฝฎใ„ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒƒใƒ—ใฏ็™ฝใงใ™ใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:57
This mug, that mug.
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ใ“ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใ€ใ‚ใฎใƒžใ‚ฐใ€‚
02:02
This marker is black.
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ใ“ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ้ป’ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:06
That marker is black.
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ใใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ้ป’ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:08
If we have two markers, I would say "these markers are black."
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ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒ 2 ใคใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ้ป’ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
02:14
If they are far away, we say "those markers are black."
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒ้ ใใซใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใฏ้ป’ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:22
This pencil is a pencil, okay?
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ใ“ใฎ้‰›็ญ†ใฏ้‰›็ญ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:25
This is a pencil.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้‰›็ญ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:27
That is a pencil.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้‰›็ญ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:31
These are pencils.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‰›็ญ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:34
Those are pencils, okay?
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ้‰›็ญ†ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
02:41
So now that you understand that "this," "that," "these," "those" refer to how close something
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ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ใŒใฉใ‚Œใ ใ‘่ฟ‘ใ„ใ‹ใ‚’็คบใ™ใ“ใจใŒ็†่งฃ
02:51
is, I'm going to give you a little bit more information on how you can use them in conversation.
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ใงใใŸใฎใง ใ€ไผš่ฉฑใงใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆไพ›ใ—ใพใ™.
02:58
Okay, so we can use "this," "that," "these," and "those" as pronouns in certain cases.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ‚’ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:07
So for example, the sentence here is "this is my father."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ“ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใฏใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็ˆถใงใ™ใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
03:12
So if you are introducing your father to someone, um, to your new boyfriend or your girlfriend,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ˆถ่ฆชใ‚’่ชฐใ‹ใ€ ใˆใˆใจใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒœใƒผใ‚คใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚„ใ‚ฌใƒผใƒซใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใซ็ดนไป‹ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€
03:19
you would say "this," "this is my father," "this taking the place of my father," okay?
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็ˆถใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใฎ ็ˆถใฎไปฃใ‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:26
So "these," my mom and dad, "these are my parents," acting as a pronoun, "these are
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ€ใ€็งใฎใŠๆฏใ•ใ‚“ใจใŠ็ˆถใ•ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎ ไธก่ฆชใงใ™ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ
03:33
my parents."
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็งใฎไธก่ฆชใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ไปฃๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๆฉŸ่ƒฝใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:34
If they are close to you, you can also say "that is my father" or "those are my parents,"
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่ฟ‘ใใซใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใฏ็งใฎ็ˆถใงใ™ใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ็งใฎไธก่ฆชใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
03:42
okay?
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ใพใ™.
03:43
Now, "this," "that," "these," and "those" can also act as adjectives, okay?
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใ‚Œใ€ใฏๅฝขๅฎนโ€‹โ€‹่ฉžใจใ—ใฆใ‚‚ไฝฟใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:50
So you can say "I didn't like that movie."
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ€Œ็ง ใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:54
So if you're talking with your friend and he's saying "What did you think of Avatar?"
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ๅ‹้”ใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ ๅฝผใŒใ€Œใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
And your friend is crazy, and he says "I didn't like that movie.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๅ‹ไบบใฏใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใง ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใŒๅฅฝใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:06
I liked Avatar.
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็งใฏใ‚ขใƒใ‚ฟใƒผใŒๅฅฝใใงใ—ใŸ
04:07
It was very good."
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ใ€‚ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
04:08
Okay, you can also say "these shoes."
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ้ดใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:12
Which shoes?
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ใฉใฎ้ด๏ผŸ
04:13
"These shoes are too big," okay?
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ใ€Œใ“ใฎ้ดใฏๅคงใใ™ใŽใพใ™ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
04:17
And again, you can also say "those shoes," "those shoes are too big."
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ใพใŸใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ้ดใ€ ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ้ดใฏๅคงใใ™ใŽใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ‚‚่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚
04:22
And if you are watching a movie right now, you can say "this movie is very good," okay?
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ไปŠๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:30
Or if you have the DVD in your hand, you can say "this movie is very good," okay?
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใใฏใ€DVDใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซใ— ใŸใ‚‰ใ€Œใ“ใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
04:36
So one more time, "this," "this marker," "that marker," if we have two markers, pretend I
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ๅบฆใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใฎ ใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€2 ใคใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
04:45
have two markers, "these markers," "those markers," okay?
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ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ€Œใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒžใƒผใ‚ซใƒผใ€ใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ ใ‹?
04:51
So to test your knowledge on how to use "this," "that," "these," and "those," please check
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ใ€Œthisใ€ใ€ ใ€Œthatใ€ใ€ใ€Œtheseใ€ใ€ใ€Œthoseใ€ใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใซใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏ
04:56
out www.engvid.com and complete the quiz.
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ใ— ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใซ็ญ”ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:59
My name is Alex, take care.
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็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใ‚ขใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚นใงใ™ใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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