Eliminate these 3 English Mistakes to Speak Clearly (Easy Fix + Test!)

176,564 views ใƒป 2023-04-28

English with Lucy


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
- Hello, lovely students, and welcome back toย  English with Lucy. Today we're going to breakย ย 
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- ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•™์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. Lucy์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
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down three of the most common speaking andย  writing mistakes and I'm going to teach youย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€
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how to never make them again. An essential partย  of this lesson is the free PDF that I've madeย ย 
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์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:16
for you. It contains everything we're going toย  go through today and a quiz. You can test yourย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:21
understanding. If you'd like to downloadย  that, click on the link in the descriptionย ย 
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. ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”
00:25
box. You enter your name and email address,ย  and sign up to my mailing list. After that,ย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋ฉ”์ผ๋ง ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„
00:31
the PDF will arrive directly in your email inboxย  and you'll then receive all of my news, updates,ย ย 
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PDF๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ๋ฐ›์€ํŽธ์ง€ํ•จ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‰ด์Šค, ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ,
00:36
and course offers. It's a free service and youย  can unsubscribe at any time. I would also likeย ย 
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๊ฐ•์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ด๋ฉฐ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๋…์„ ์ทจ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
00:42
to remind you that we have just updated our freeย  online level test. You can use this level test asย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ โ€‹โ€‹์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š”
00:49
a guide to understanding which level of Englishย  you may have from A1 all the way to C2. Now youย ย 
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A1์—์„œ C2๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
00:56
can view your answers after each round and seeย  how many you got correct or incorrect. Again,ย ย 
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๊ฐ ๋ผ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ •๋‹ต๊ณผ ์˜ค๋‹ต์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:01
it's free. The answers will be sent to you viaย  email. The link is in the description box. Okay,ย ย 
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์†ก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๋ž€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
let's get started with the first mistakeย  I want to help you correct. It has to beย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
subject-verb agreement. And more specificallyย  the difficulty with subject-verb agreement whenย ย 
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์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
01:19
using noun phrases and collective nouns.ย  So noun phrases are groups of words thatย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š”
01:26
function as a noun such as "the tall manย  with the red hat," "my friend's mum,"ย ย 
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'the tall man with the red hat', 'my friend's mum', '
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"her dog's bone." Collective nouns refer to aย  group of people, animals, or things such as team,ย ย 
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her dog's bone'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋™๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ํŒ€,
01:42
family, flock. Now, one of the challenges withย  noun phrases is that they can be quite longย ย 
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๊ฐ€์กฑ, ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธธ๊ณ 
01:48
and complex, making it difficult to identify theย  subject and the verb. For example, this sentence,ย ย 
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๋ณต์žกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
01:55
"The bus that is full of hundreds of tourists isย  due to arrive soon." Here we have a very long nounย ย 
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"์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
phrase as our subject. "The bus that is full ofย  hundreds of tourists." However, the subject atย ย 
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. "์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐฌ ๋ฒ„์Šค ." ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
02:10
its core is the bus, which is a singular noun,ย  but it's easy to mistake tourists as the subjectย ย 
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๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ bus์ธ๋ฐ,
02:19
since it is the head of the noun phrase. In thisย  case, the verb is should agree with the singularย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ ๋‘์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ์ฐฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ is๋Š”
02:26
subject bus, not the plural tourists. Similarlyย  with collective nouns, it can be challenging toย ย 
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๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ tourist๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ฒ„์Šค์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:34
determine whether the verb should be singular orย  plural. In British English, collective nouns areย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—
02:41
often treated as singular or plural depending onย  the context. While in American English, they areย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
02:47
always treated as singular nouns. For example,ย  in British English you might hear, "The team isย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” 'The team is
02:54
playing well" or "the team are playing well."ย  You can hear both. It's common to use singularย ย 
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play well' ๋˜๋Š” 'the team are play well'์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
verb like is when referring to a collective nounย  as one single unit. Think about it like this, "Theย ย 
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์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ is์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "
03:08
team as a whole is playing well." We often use aย  plural verb like are with a collective noun whenย ย 
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ํŒ€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ are์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:16
we want to emphasise the individuality of eachย  member of the collective noun. You can think of itย ย 
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. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:23
like this. The members of the team are playingย  well. So to help with subject-verb agreementย ย 
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. ํŒ€์›๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:31
with noun phrases and collective nouns, followย  these tips. First, identify the subject and verb.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋„์›€๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Take the time to identify the subject and verb inย  the sentence, even if the sentence contains a longย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ธด
03:45
noun phrase or collective noun. This will help youย  to determine the correct form of the verb to use.ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Next, pay attention to the number. Determineย  whether the subject is singular or plural andย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
03:59
use a verb that agrees in number. Remember thatย  the head of the noun phrase or collective noun mayย ย 
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์ˆ˜์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
04:05
not always be the subject as we saw previously.ย  Finally, practise with examples. Use examples ofย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
noun phrases and collective nouns in sentencesย  and practise identifying the subject and verb,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„
04:18
and determining the correct form of the verb toย  use. Okay, let's move on to our next point ofย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋…ผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:25
contention. Double negatives. The use of doubleย  negatives is a common mistake made by Englishย ย 
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. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ํ”ํžˆ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:32
learners. This often occurs when they try toย  translate a sentence from their native language,ย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ค‘
04:37
where double negatives may be okay, into English,ย  where they're generally not okay. Just in case,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด
04:44
what is a double negative? A double negativeย  is when two negative words are used in the sameย ย 
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์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ€์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด
04:51
sentence resulting in a positive meaning. Thereย  are two common mistakes with double negatives.ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Let's look at the first one. "I don't knowย  nothing." "I don't know nothing." Here theย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. " ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”." "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
05:04
two negatives, don't and nothing, cancel eachย  other out. They eliminate each other. Making theย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถ€์ •์–ด์ธ don't์™€ nothing์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‡„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
sentence mean the opposite of what was intended.ย  In this case, the sentence would technically mean,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:18
"I know something." To correct this mistake.ย  You need to be aware of the differences betweenย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด.
05:24
positive and negative indefinite pronouns.ย  Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that referย ย 
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๊ธ์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
05:30
to unspecified or unknown people or things.ย  Positive indefinite pronouns refer to peopleย ย 
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๋ถˆํŠน์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์  ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
05:36
or things in a positive way without negatingย  or denying their existence. Some examples ofย ย 
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์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:43
positive indefinite pronouns include someone orย  somebody, they refer to an unknown or unspecifiedย ย 
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๊ธ์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์—๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
person. Everyone or everybody referring to allย  people. Something referring to an unknown orย ย 
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. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ . ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:59
unspecified thing. Anything referring to any ofย  all things. Somewhere referring to an unknownย ย 
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์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ. ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
06:07
or unspecified place. And anywhere referring toย  any place or places. Anyone referring to any ofย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
06:14
all people. Negative indefinite pronouns on theย  other hand indicate the absence or non-existenceย ย 
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. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:20
of people or things. Some examples of negativeย  indefinite pronouns include, nobody or no one,ย ย 
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. ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” nobody ๋˜๋Š” no one์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
indicating the absence of any person. Nothing, theย  absence of all things. Nowhere, no place. Neither,ย ย 
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. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋„, ์•„๋ฌด๋ฐ๋„. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค,
06:39
the absence of two options or choices.ย  And none, no options or choices exist.ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—†์Œ, ์˜ต์…˜์ด๋‚˜ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Practising using these indefinite pronounsย  will help to avoid unintended double negatives.ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
If we take our example from before, "Iย  don't know nothing," we now know that theย ย 
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์ด์ „์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค"๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
06:57
negative indefinite pronoun nothing, refers to theย  absence of all things. So we should use anything,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ • ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ nothing์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ,
07:05
any of all things. "I don't know anything," whichย  isn't true because you just learned a load ofย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”."๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:13
useful information. We could also change it to, "Iย  know nothing. I know nothing. I don't anything."ย ย 
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. " ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”."๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
They both mean the same thing. Okay, let's look atย  the second mistake. Take a look at this sentence.ย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:26
"She doesn't not like coffee." Here we areย  using the contraction doesn't along with not,ย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜• does not with not์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
but using doesn't, which is the contracted form ofย  does not, with an additional not, would mean thatย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ does not์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด does not์˜ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ด๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ not์€
07:40
she does like coffee. To fix this common errorย  we need to follow specific sentence patterns forย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:47
negative statements. The sentence pattern in theย  present simple is auxiliary verb plus not plusย ย 
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. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค not plus
07:54
base verb. It's common to use a contraction toย  combine the auxiliary verb with not. One of theย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ not๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ•์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
most important points to remember here is that theย  main verb after the negative form of an auxiliaryย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜• ๋’ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
08:06
verb is always in its base form. For example, "Iย  don't eat meat" rather than "I don't ate meat."ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
"She does not live in London" not "She does notย  living in London." "They cannot speak Spanish" notย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:21
"They cannot spoke Spanish." In the past simple,ย  you use the past simple form of the auxiliary verbย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„
08:27
with not and the base form of the main verb. Forย  example, "I didn't go to the party last night."ย ย 
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not๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: "์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”."
08:34
"He could not finish his homework on time." "Weย  didn't watch the film yesterday." Remember thatย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." be
08:40
the verb to be has its own negative forms, am not,ย  is not, are not, was not, were not. For example,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” am not, is not, are not, was not, were not๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์ฒด ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ:
08:47
"I am not hungry." "She is not coming today."ย  "They were not happy with the results." Of course,ย ย 
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"๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”." "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค." "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฌผ๋ก 
08:53
this is just a basic overview to correct anyย  bad habits you may have formed previously. Now,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜์œ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ์š”์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ
08:59
back to that first sentence. "She doesn'tย  not like coffee." We do actually use this.ย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
If I say "I don't not like coffee," I'm sayingย  it's not that I hate it, I just don't like it.ย ย 
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"I don't like coffee"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
So don't be surprised if you hear native speakersย  using it in this way. "I don't not like horrorย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. "์ €๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:22
films. I just prefer comedies." Okay, let's moveย  on to mistake number three. Using comparativesย ย 
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. ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰
09:28
and superlatives together. Something that Iย  hear and read frequently is English learnersย ย 
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๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:35
using two comparatives or superlatives togetherย  in a sentence to describe a single noun or verb.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
However, this is a grammatical error known asย  a double comparison. This error occurs whenย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ค‘ ๋น„๊ต๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋Š”
09:48
two words that are intended to modify the sameย  noun or verb are in conflict with each otherย ย 
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜์—ฌ
09:54
resulting in a sentence that is grammaticallyย  incorrect. Let's look at this sentence. "Thisย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "
10:01
dress is more prettier than that one." Thisย  sentence is not correct. In this example,ย ย 
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์ €๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋” ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค." ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
10:06
more is the comparative form of much and prettierย  is the comparative form of pretty. Using bothย ย 
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more๋Š” much์˜ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์ด๊ณ  prettier๋Š” pretty์˜ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
comparatives together is incorrect and resultsย  in a double comparison. We should instead say,ย ย 
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๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ค‘ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ 
10:22
"This dress is prettier than that one." Theย  correct use of comparatives and superlativesย ย 
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'์ด ๋“œ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์˜ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
10:28
is essential to ensure that a sentence isย  clear and concise. Comparatives are used toย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์€
10:34
compare two things while superlatives are usedย  to compare three or more things. For example,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
10:41
"The red car is faster than the blue car." That'sย  a comparative. And "The red car is the fastest ofย ย 
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"๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค
10:48
them all." Notice that comparatives often endย  in E-R and superlatives are typically precededย ย 
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." ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์€ ์ข…์ข… E-R๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:54
by the and their construction consists of anย  E-S-T ending. Although this isn't always theย ย 
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the๊ฐ€ ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ E-S-T๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์—
11:01
case. If you would like to know more aboutย  superlative and comparative a objectives,ย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
11:06
I've left a link in the description box. I'veย  made a video all about them. To avoid the errorย ย 
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
11:12
of using two comparatives or superlatives togetherย  in a sentence, it's important to ensure that youย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ
11:17
are only using one comparative or superlative toย  modify the same noun or verb. This can be done byย ย 
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์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Š”
11:24
carefully considering the meaning of each wordย  and the context in which it's used. Let's do aย ย 
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๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
quick comprehension check. Choose the correctย  comparative or superlative to complete eachย ย 
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๋น ๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ
11:35
sentence. I'll give you five seconds to answer.ย  Number one, "Brenda works much than Taylor"ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 5์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, "Brenda๋Š” Taylor๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:48
Harder, "Brenda works much harderย  than Taylor." Number two, "That is theย ย 
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Harder, "Brenda๋Š” Taylor๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, "
11:54
beautiful necklace I have ever seen."ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด์•ผ."
12:02
Most, "That is the most beautiful necklaceย  I have ever seen." Not the beautifulestย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด์•ผ ."
12:07
'cause it has three syllables, so we don't addย  "est." And the last one, number three, "Max isย ย 
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์Œ์ ˆ์ด 3๊ฐœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'est'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, "๋งฅ์Šค๋Š”
12:14
than me, but he is of his siblings."ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
12:24
Younger, the oldest, "Max is younger than me,ย  but he is the oldest of his siblings." How manyย ย 
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๋ง‰๋‚ด, "๋งฅ์Šค๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฌ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜•์ œ์ž๋งค ์ค‘ ๋งํ˜•์ด์•ผ."
12:31
did you get right out of three? Let me knowย  in the comments section. If you enjoyed that,ย ย 
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3๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งžํžˆ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” PDF
12:35
there are lots more exercise questions in theย  PDF that you can download for free. The link isย ย 
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์— ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งํฌ๋Š”
12:40
in the description box. Now, I know this topicย  is a little bit challenging, but practise usingย ย 
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:45
comparatives and superlatives whenever you can andย  it will start to come more naturally. If you'reย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋น„๊ต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ตœ์ƒ๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
unsure whether a sentence contains a doubleย  comparison or not. It can be helpful to readย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ด์ค‘ ๋น„๊ต๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ.
12:55
the sentence aloud and check for any awkward orย  confusing phrasing. In addition it's always a goodย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ฝ๊ณ  ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
13:02
idea to proofread your writing carefully and seekย  feedback from others to ensure that your writingย ย 
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๊ธ€์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ€์ด
13:07
is clear, concise, and grammatically correct.ย  Right, that's it for today's lesson. I hopeย ย 
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์•„์š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
you enjoyed it and I hope you learned something.ย  Don't forget to download the free PDF. The linkย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋งํฌ๋Š”
13:18
is in the description box. Also, if you wantย  to check your level of English, my Level Test,ย ย 
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:24
my newly improved Level Test, is a great guide. Itย  can give you an indication as to what your levelย ย 
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ my Level Test๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:30
of English might be. It doesn't take very long toย  complete. The link is in the description. Don'tย ย 
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. ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งํฌ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
forget to connect with me on all of my socialย  media. I've got my Instagram, and my Facebook,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๋‚ด Instagram, Facebook,
13:40
and my website englishwithlucy.com, where I'veย  got lots more lessons and a free interactiveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ englishwithlucy.com์—๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ˜•
13:46
pronunciation tool where you can click on phonemesย  and words containing those phonemes and here meย ย 
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๋ฐœ์Œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์Œ์†Œ ์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์Œ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
13:52
pronounce them. It's lots of fun. Also, you canย  check out all of my English courses. We've got ourย ย 
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๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
B1 and B2 course. And we are bringing out our C1ย  course on the 15th of May. The wait list is in theย ย 
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B1 ๋ฐ B2 ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  5์›” 15์ผ์— C1 ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ž ๋ช…๋‹จ์€
14:08
description box, or if you're watching this in theย  future and it's already out, we will leave a linkย ย 
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์„ค๋ช… ์ƒ์ž์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:13
there. I will see you soon for another lesson.ย  Mwah! The bus that is full of hundreds of... Theย ย 
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. ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ! ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์„ ํƒœ์šด ๋ฒ„์Šค...
14:19
bus that is full of hundreds of students... Whatย  is wrong with me? It's almost like I've filmedย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํƒœ์šด ๋ฒ„์Šค... ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฑฐ์˜
14:24
seven videos in a row! With collective nounsย  it can be challenching... Challenching? Which,ย ย 
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์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ๋„์ „์ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์–ด๋Š,
14:30
. Okay, right. Similarly with collective nounsย  it can be challenging ta determine. Ta determine?ย ย 
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. ์ข‹์•„, ๋งž์•„. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:38
That are intended to modify the same noun orย  nerb. Nerb? Nerb! Nerb, I love that word, okay.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” nerb๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ˆ๋ธŒ? ๋„ˆ๋ธŒ! Nerb, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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