Non-Defining Relative Clauses - English Grammar Explained

38,341 views ใƒป 2021-01-24

English Like A Native


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Person 1: So my new boyfriend is tallย  and heโ€™s so funny and very clever,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1: ์ œ ์ƒˆ ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
he has the most beautiful green eyes and he lovesย  to go to museums, which is why we get on so well.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
We actually went to a museum on our first date andย  it was so romantic. We just think exactly the sameย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฒซ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ์— ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:19
thing about everything. So yeah, heโ€™s reallyย  kind and he teaches children to play footballย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ 
00:24
on Saturday mornings and I usually go to watchย  so we can go out for lunch afterwards. Anyway,ย ย 
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ํ† ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์จŒ๋“ 
00:30
what was your question again? Person 2:ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ญ์˜€์ฃ ? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 2:
00:33
What does he do for work? Person 1: Oh, heโ€™s a dentist.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 1: ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์น˜๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
Giving more information than necessary isย  something we do quite often. Sometimes you justย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
00:55
decide to give more detail or you really wantย  someone to understand more about a situation.ย ย 
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๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
When giving non-essential extra information,ย  we use a non-defining relative clause.ย ย 
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ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋น„์ •์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
Non-defining means that this extra informationย  does not change the meaning of the sentence,ย ย 
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๋น„์ •์˜๋Š” ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:16
it is purely used to give more detail. If you need to add an essential pieceย ย 
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์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์ˆ˜
01:22
of information into a sentence, you can use aย  defining relative clause instead. Thereโ€™s alreadyย ย 
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ ˆ์„ ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
a video on my channel about those so I will putย  a link in the description so that you can watchย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:33
that one next and learn the differences. A sentence which includes a non-definingย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋Š”
01:39
relative clause must also have a mainย  clause, which is split into two partsย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:45
after the subject. Letโ€™s use the example of aย  meal which is delicious and is also vegetarian.ย 
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. ๋ง›์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ„์‹์ฃผ์˜์ž์ธ ์‹์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
01:54
The main clause would be โ€˜The meal is deliciousโ€™.ย  The subject in this sentence is the โ€˜mealโ€™, so weย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ์€ '์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” '์‹์‚ฌ'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์ ˆ
02:03
put the non-defining relative clause in the middleย  of the main clause, after the subject to get โ€˜Theย ย 
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— '์ฑ„์‹์ด ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š”
02:09
meal, which is vegetarian, is deliciousโ€™. The wordย  โ€˜whichโ€™ in this sentence is a relative pronoun.ย ย 
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์‹์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋’ค์— ๋น„์ •์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'which'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
In the case of objects, places and things, you canย  use the word โ€˜whichโ€™. However, when the subjectย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์†Œ, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'which'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ,
02:25
of the sentence is a person, you should use theย  word โ€˜whoโ€™ as the relative pronoun. For example:ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ 'who'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
02:32
โ€˜My sister, who is youngerย  than me, works in a schoolโ€™.ย 
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' ๋‚˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ˆ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—
02:38
When putting an additional clauseย  into the middle of an existing clause,ย ย 
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์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ
02:42
it is important to use commas to separate themย  so that the sentence is easier to read andย ย 
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์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฝ๊ณ 
02:47
understand. In this case, you should put a commaย  on either side of the non-defining relative clauseย ย 
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„๊ทœ์ • ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์–‘์ชฝ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
when writing it down to show this and youโ€™llย  often hear Native English speakers naturallyย ย 
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02:59
pausing in the place of these commas to makeย  it clear when speaking and listening too.ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ.
03:07
Our wedding, which is in July,ย  is going to have 120 guests.ย 
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7์›”์— ์žˆ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์‹์€ 120๋ช…์˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ์ด ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต
03:14
Their French teacher, who is new toย  the school, is absolutely brilliant.ย 
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์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์˜จ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
My cooking skills, which are very limited,ย  have improved since I bought this cookbook.ย 
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์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
So now you know all about how toย  add additional information usingย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
a non-defining relative clauseย  in the middle of a sentence.ย ย 
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.
03:35
Itโ€™s time to put that knowledge to the test. I amย  going to give you 5 people or objects and I wouldย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ 5๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€, ๋น„์ •์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„
03:40
like you to describe them in the comments using aย  sentence with a non-defining relative clause, likeย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
the ones we have been practicing. Your answersย  can be real or you can use your imagination toย ย 
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. ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
03:52
describe things that donโ€™t really exist but Iย  would like you to be as creative as you can.ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
First of all, I would like youย  to describe your ideal pet.ย 
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์šฐ์„ , ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๋™๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:04
Next, I would like you to describe theย  most important teacher you had at school.ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:11
Thirdly, I would like you toย  describe your favourite city.ย 
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์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:16
Now I would like you to describeย  your childhood best friend.ย 
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์ด์ œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Lastly, I would like you toย  describe your favourite meal.ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:25
So there were 5 sentences for you toย  write in the comments for your homework.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ™์ œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Iโ€™m looking forward to reading them andย  seeing your new English skills in actionย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด
04:34
with your non-defining relative clauses.ย  Take care for now. I'll see you soon
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณง ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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