How to understand and enjoy English poetry

9,182 views ・ 2024-05-17

Benjamin’s English


لطفا برای پخش فیلم روی زیرنویس انگلیسی زیر دوبار کلیک کنید. زیرنویس های ترجمه شده به صورت ماشینی ترجمه می شوند.

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Hello, and welcome back to today's installment  of English video, brought to you by me, Benjamin  
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from engVid. In today's lesson, we are going to be looking  
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at how to analyze a poem, how to start to understand a poem.  
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This isn't teaching you exam technique. I'm not telling you how to answer a question.  
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I'm just looking at how to start to approach  a poem to get to know it a bit better.  
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"And why would I want to do that?",  I hear you asking yourself.  
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Well, I'd say that a lot can  be gained from reading poetry.  
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I think in today's age where we reach for our  mobile handsets all the time as our constant  
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source of information and inspiration, constantly  looking at a very visual world and at the  
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lives of others, to read poetry can take  you somewhere with your imagination.  
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It can make you think, it can... And it can have different effects on you.  
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There's poetry that can sort of encourage  you and make you feel more confident.  
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There's poetry that can make you remember  things in the past and feel nostalgic.  
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In today's lesson, we're going to be looking  at a poem by William Wordsworth written at  
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the beginning of the 19th century, so  that's like 1803 it was written in.  
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So, bear in mind that this poem is  going to be difficult to understand.  
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This is advanced English, and there is much  more easy poetry for you guys to read after  
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this lesson. Anything written in the last 30, 40 years,  
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for example, will be much more instant to understand.  
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But I hope to guide you through the meaning  of this piece, and in so doing, I would hope  
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that there's vocab that you pick up and a  couple of sort of literary techniques that  
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I maybe talk about. You ready?  
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Good. So, this is my rough  
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plan of attack for how we get to know a poem. As I said, this is not how to answer a question,  
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it's just to try and understand the poem a bit more.  
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First of all, we need to read it, okay? And we're going to read it all the way through,  
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and we're not going to stop. Now, the reason for that is that  
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you need to get an overall sense of the poem. Afterwards, we're going to come back and look at  
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it, and there's some really difficult vocabulary, and we will start to unpick it and understand it.  
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But to start with, we're just going  to read it all the way through.  
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If you were here with me, I'd get you reading  it, but I'm afraid you're going to have to  
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put up with me reading it. "Earth has not anything to show more fair.  
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Dull he be of soul who could pass by  A sight so touching in its majesty.  
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This city now doth, like a garment, wear  The beauty of the morning, silent, bare.  
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Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples  Lie open unto the fields and to the sky,  
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All bright and glittering in the smokeless air. "Never did sun more beautifully steep  
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In his first splendour valley, rock, or hill." Well done.  
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Stay with it. "Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep.  
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The river glideth at his own sweet will." "Dear God, the very houses seem asleep,  
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And all that mighty heart is lying still." All right.  
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I wonder if you've got any pictures in your  imagination other than a giant, great question  
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mark going, "Benjamin, ha, ha, ha." Okay.  
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Anyway, we've read it. We're going to start  
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having a look at what "it" means. As I said, this was written over 200 years ago,  
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so language has evolved, and this is an older style of English.  
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Okay, we're going to go through line by line. "Earth has not anything to show more fair."  
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So, "fair" means beautiful. "Earth has not anything to show more fair."  
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So, it's like Earth is a person, and  the person of Earth is saying, "Hey,  
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look, you can have a look at this.  
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It's like Earth has a market  stall, saying, 'Look at this.  
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You can look at this. Look at this.'  
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And this particular thing that Earth is showing  is the most beautiful thing that Earth has."  
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Okay? How do I say that?  
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Well, it's like, "This is the  most beautiful sight on Earth."  
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Okay. Okay.  
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Next line. We're kind of going into this step, here,  
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to paraphrase, which it means to put it into your own words.  
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We're starting to do that now. "Dull he be of soul who could pass by."  
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So, "dull" meaning colorless, a bit boring. "He be of soul", so character.  
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"Dull he be of soul who could pass by." He must be a bit of...  
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He must be a bit of a boring  so-and-so, or he must be...  
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How would you say it? He must be really bland to be able to walk by.  
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Or another way of saying it, only someone  really, really dull could pass by and not  
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see all this. "And could pass  
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by a sight so touching in its majesty." So, "majesty" has an association with, like,  
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royalty; "a sight so touching", yeah? It affects our emotions, so we might want to  
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change this word a bit to, like, "amazingness". So, only someone really dull and boring could pass  
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by such an amazing sight. Yeah?  
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I'm paraphrasing; I'm trying to put it into  my words just so I understand each line of  
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the poem. If you were reading this on your own, well,  
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first of all, you'd start with an easier poem, but secondly, if you were looking at this,  
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then you'd need to be using a dictionary to look up words like "majesty".  
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Right. Okay.  
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Well done for staying with me. It's going to be worth it.  
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We're going on a journey together. Right.  
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"This city now doth", now that's an  old-fashioned word, and it just means "does".  
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"The city now does, like a garment where". "Garment" means a piece of clothing.  
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So, "the city", it's like the  city is wearing some clothes.  
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The city is now wearing some clothes. So, this is... is it a simile or metaphor?  
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"Like", so it's a simile. Okay.  
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So, we're being asked to imagine that the city... This is the city of London, by the way;  
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I didn't have room to put the title. The title of the poem is "Composed upon  
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Westminster Bridge in 1803". Okay.  
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So, we're being asked to imagine that the city  is like a person, and it's kind of waking  
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up in the morning, and it's got its pajamas  on, yep, or a sheet on, or something like  
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that. "The city now is wearing some clothes."  
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What... and now it's going to tell us what  the clothes is, or what the piece of clothing  
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is. "It's wearing", yep, because there's no  
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punctuation here, so the meaning continues here. So, what is the city wearing?  
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The city is wearing the beauty of the morning. Huh?  
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What's the beauty of the morning? How can you wear the beauty of the morning?  
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Well, let's think about that. What is the beauty of the morning?  
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Do we imagine beautiful sunshine, or  are we imagining rain and stormy winds?  
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No, it's a nice, calm morning. Yep.  
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It's a blue sky, kind of wisps of clouds in  the horizon, so it's like the city is...  
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the sky is kind of sitting on top of the city. This is the person, this is the sky, which is what  
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the city is wearing. Okay.  
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Difficult bit. Well done for staying in there.  
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Okay, let's carry on. "Silent", "bare".  
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"Bare ships", "towers", so "bare" because  there's no punctuation, that goes on to there.  
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"Bare ships, towers, domes, theaters, and  temples lie open unto the fields and to the  
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sky."  
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Okay, so it's quiet. "Silent, bare ships".  
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So in those days, there would  have been boats with sails.  
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Yep. There were no  
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engines with diesel outboard engines going... No, it's all sail-powered, but these ships are  
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bare, so the sails are kind of onto the mast, the pole, and they're not sailing.  
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Why? Maybe there's no wind, maybe it's very quiet.  
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Okay, so it's silent, there are bare ships. "Towers", yep, think of kind of castles, domes,  
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so we're starting to picture the city of London at the beginning of the 19th century.  
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"Domes", kind of this kind of  shape, kind of a circular shape.  
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"Theaters and temples lie", so "temples" could  be another word for a church, and "temples  
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lie open unto the fields". Right.  
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It helps to know a little bit of knowledge  around the poem, so I happen to know that  
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back then, 200 years ago, London was a much  smaller place, and back then, probably in  
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the horizon, you could still see the fields. Now, London's so big, you can't see the  
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fields in the horizon. Okay, so let's go back.  
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It's quiet, yep. The boats aren't moving, but we can see,  
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let's call them "castles", "beautiful buildings",  
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"theaters", "temples", and  in the background, "fields".  
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Okay, "unto the sky", so in the far horizon,  I see "fields" and "sky", "unto the sky".  
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Okay, good. I've got some  
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heavy punctuation there, so that means I go... It's like a pausing point before I go into the  
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next bit. Right.  
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Let's mark it with a bit of a... There.  
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"All bright and glittering in the smokeless air". Glittering means...  
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Do you know what glitter is? If you go to a festival, some people put glitter  
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on their face, it means, like, "shining in the smokeless air", so without smoke.  
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So, it's not all polluted,  it's not noisy, it's quiet.  
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So, everything is glittering, everything is  glimmering in the clean, pure morning air.  
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Okay? It's like it's sunrise.  
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You're starting to get a picture  in your mind of this scene.  
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And then a full stop. So, again, I go...  
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I get the energy to try and  understand the next bit.  
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"Never did sun more beautifully steep", so a  steep hill is like that, so here, it's being  
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used as a verb. There's my adverb, there's my verb.  
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The sun is going up. Yeah?  
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The sun rise, it goes up. Never did sun more beautifully steep.  
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The sun never went up more beautifully. This was the most beautiful sunrise ever.  
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Okay? It's a big claim,  
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yeah, but he's... the poet is really...  or the narrator is really, really  
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excited by this sight. The sun never went up more beautifully...  
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Ah, the meaning continues  because I've got no punctuation.  
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Never went up more beautifully in his  first splendor, valley, rock, or hill.  
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"Splendor" means, like, glory, or another word  for amazingness, in his first amazingness.  
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So, this, yeah, as I said, it's  the most beautiful sunrise ever.  
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The first splendor would have been  the first morning of planet Earth.  
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Even that was not as beautiful as this  morning here, valley, rock, or hill.  
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It's not that clear how these fit into the  sentence, because he's playing with the word  
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order, but we do get a picture in our mind,  valleys, it's very natural, rocks, hills.  
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Maybe he's talking about that first morning  when the Earth was first created, and we could  
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see these things for the first time, yeah? And by talking about the first ever sunrise,  
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when everything was new, we have that sense now.  
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It's like everything is new. That's what a comparison does.  
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It brings the quality that is being compared  to the thing that is being described.  
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That's quite a difficult concept. It doesn't matter if you haven't understood it.  
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Okay, punctuation here, I  get ready for the next bit.  
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"Nair", so this apostrophe here shows  me that there's a missing letter.  
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The missing letter, what do you  think that missing letter is?  
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It's a V. It's short for "never". It's just shortened because of the rhyme.  
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"Never saw I, never felt a calm so deep." So, we change the word order to put  
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it into modern day English. I've never seen, I've never felt,  
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he's feeling this sunrise. It's the most peaceful thing  
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he's ever seen or felt. Okay, exclamation mark.  
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So again, heavy punctuation. So, that bit's finished and  
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I breathe in and I attack the next bit. "The river glideth", so often when you have a TH,  
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you can just replace it with an S. So, the river glides at its own sweet will.  
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Okay, so the river is now  a person making decisions.  
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It's called personification. So, the river is going, "Okay, everything's  
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cool, so I'm just going to flow down here." The river's gliding at its own sweet will.  
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He's doing it himself. The river's deciding what to do.  
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Okay, so the landscape is  becoming more and more alive.  
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Yep, now this river is like a person. Okay, it's not just the boring old brown river.  
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It's like, "Wow, that's a  really interesting river."  
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"Dear God!", yep, that's like an exclamation,  like, "OMG!" if it was in modern-day English.  
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"The very houses seem asleep." Ah, look, something else has  
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become a human being. The houses are now humans.  
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And what are they doing? They're sleeping.  
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So, it's like everything  is asleep apart from him.  
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It's like he, the narrator, the voice of the  poem, is experiencing something that no one  
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else is. And all that mighty heart is lying still.  
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So, "mighty" means, like, really strong. That really strong heart is lying still.  
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Whose heart? Which heart?  
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Well, he's describing what he can see on...  from one of the most central bridges in London,  
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Westminster Bridge. It goes up to where Parliament is.  
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And all that mighty heart... So, the heart could be about the city, yep.  
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So, the city is now a heart. All of the city is asleep.  
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Okay? But it's like  
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the city is alive because it has a heartbeat.  
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Right. Okay.  
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We've read it. We've kind of gone through the meaning of it.  
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Context. At this point, you would probably want to find  
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out a bit about the poet, William Wordsworth. So, William Wordsworth came from a very beautiful  
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part of England called the Lake District. It's a national park.  
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And he was called a romantic poet. So, he mainly wrote about the beauty of nature.  
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One of his most famous poems is talking  about the beauty of a daffodil or daffodils.  
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Okay. So, it's someone who's really into what they're  
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seeing around them, the beauty of the natural world.  
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But interestingly, he's seeing the beauty  in the middle of Britain's biggest city.  
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But he's seeing the beauty here. Okay.  
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Fine. Fine.  
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You can read much more into the context  if you like, but that will do for now.  
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Keywords. "Key", meaning, you know, it's important.  
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We have our key, it lets us into our doors. So, the keywords let us into the poem.  
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What I mean by that is we need to try and  find the important words in each line to help  
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us to understand it. So, I'm just going to underline some keywords.  
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So, "Earth, not anything more fair." Yeah?  
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It's the most beautiful thing on Earth. "Dull soul could pass by."  
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Just going for the keywords  to really get the meaning.  
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"Sight, touching, and its majesty." It's amazing.  
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It's gorgeous. The city is wearing some clothes.  
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What is it wearing? It's wearing the beauty of the morning.  
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And then it describes little things around  the city, ships, towers, domes, theatres.  
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Yeah? We're seeing all of the beauty of London,  
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all of the amazingness of it. Okay, so which...  
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I'm not going to do that for the  whole second half of the poem.  
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I think it's better to do little  bits and do it in more detail.  
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So, what are the most important words here? "Fair", it's about beauty.  
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"Soul", yes? This is an experience that makes  
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us alive in our heart, in our soul. "Beauty", these are, like, the key  
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words, the key ideas. It's beautiful, okay?  
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It's silent. It's empty.  
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It's quiet. We've done the paraphrasing.  
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"The mood". Okay.  
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Well, if we look here at this line, "silent  bear", "ships", "towers", "domes", "theatres",  
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and "temples", we've got a  list of how many things.  
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"Bear", "ships", "towers", "domes", "theatres",  and "temples", that's a list of five things.  
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And the pace of that line goes quite  fast because you've got da-da-da-da-da.  
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It shows an excitement, yeah? There's an excitement with the world around him.  
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"The mood" is one of wonder, like, "Whoa,  I've never seen anything like this before."  
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Okay, "themes". What are the themes?  
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So, we've got... We spoke about the first splendor,  
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so it's like the first morning. So, the city is...  
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It's not like we've got city and countryside. The city is part of the sky.  
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It's wearing the sky as its pajamas, remember? So, there's, like, a total union between this city  
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291، 538، 385، 11، 22231، 50738 0.0، -0.23962601775028666، 1.3
281، 51307]، 0.0، -0.2396260176، 216. 94
1.42، 11.64، "رفتن"، 0.856933 375]، [11.64، 11.8، "به "، 0.90
[11.8، 12.12، "be"، 0.90625]، 12.12، 12.66، "به دنبال"، 0.789
6، 30.58، "من هستم"، 0.99731445312 ، [30.501، 8، 30.58، 30.58، 30.58، 30.58، 31
3365، 1803، 13، 515 ]، 0.0، -0.299479164408915، 1.4
39.08، 39.28، "I"، 0.997558593 ]، [39.28، 39.8، .7، .4،
8076171 5]، [48.32 ، 48.8، "از"، 0.81
155، 393، 747، 291، 4079، 365، 8، 12938، 13، 50764]، 0.0، -0.2
0.12، 75.28، "6] .29، 75.28، "6]، 29،25، 75، 7، 0.8، "ساخت"، 0.87
1.16، 81.28، "می تواند"، 0.88867187، [81.28، 81.44، "دار"، 0.792
25:12
landscape and the natural world around it, so everything is in harmony.  
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Okay, it's all harmony. The river's happy, there's no problems, yep?  
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Everything is exactly how it should be. So, "themes" mean things like "jealousy",  
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"love", "war", "hatred". What is it about?  
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What kind of ideas is the poem exploring? Well, here, I would suggest that it's  
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"harmony" and "stillness", perhaps. You could say that that is a mood.  
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"Clever stuff". Now, this isn't the time and the place for  
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me to go into teaching you every single poetic, literary technique, okay?  
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Things like simile, metaphor, alliteration,  personification, but we can look at one or  
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two things. Now, we've already discussed  
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the idea of "personification". Personification is where you  
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make a non-human object human. You turn something that is an object and kind  
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of breathe life into it for a desired effect. Where does William Wordsworth do that?  
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Well, he says that the city is wearing a garment. This is actually a simile because  
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we've got "like", yep? So, similes tend to have  
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the words "like" or "as". "As mad as a hatter", yep?  
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"Playing basketball like Michael Jordan", yep? I'm comparing someone to playing  
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basketball like Michael Jordan. Is that the name of the basketball player?  
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I think so. Okay, so we've got a simile here.  
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It's "like". It's like the city is wearing a garment.  
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"Where's my river bit?", where  the river starts turning it...  
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Doing its own thing. The river glides at his own sweet will, yep?  
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The river is able to decide what to do. So, the river has physical...  
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Human characteristics. Why?  
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To help with the sense of wonder at  how amazing this whole scene is, okay?  
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51508]، 0.0، -0.272775431810794 1.506 1.506 1.506
54، 89.02، "احساس"، 0.919433593 ]، [89.02، 89.28 , "بیشتر"، 0.87
2380952380953، 0.03021240234375 [[89.66، 90.06، "هست"، 0.7
65، 538، 6740، 32857، 13130، 13130، 13130، 32857، 1 858796،
27:54
Now, there's a lot, lot more detail that we  could go into here, and I'm not going to go  
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into the rhyme and the rhythm in  any great detail in this video.  
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This is just a... Just, you know, it's an introduction.  
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Okay, but that said, sometimes if you look at  the rhyming words at the end of each line,  
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it's quite interesting to  see what is linked together.  
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So, for example, we've got "deep" and "asleep". Everything else is flat out.  
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It's that quiet. What else have we got?  
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"Linked". "Lie" and "sky".  
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Everything around is so peaceful, okay? What's the effect on the reader?  
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That's a question that you always need to  have in the back of your mind when you're  
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thinking... When you're analyzing poetry.  
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But if you're just reading it  for fun, then just enjoy it.  
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Well, the effect on the reader is  it makes us imagine the scene.  
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It makes us appreciate the beauty of this  London scene, and we share the excitement  
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of the narrator. "Narrator" means the person,  
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like, telling the story, the person describing.  
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We share the excitement and  the wonder of the narrator.  
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Okay, that's as far as I'm going  to go with this in today's lesson.  
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And it's kind of all I can do on one board  without sort of rubbing everything out and,  
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you know, all that kind of jazz. But I hope it's been useful.  
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I hope you've understood bits, and I would  encourage you to try and find some English  
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poetry that is accessible, that is, you know,  you can understand and get something from  
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1.4952380952380953، 0.0302124 34375، [[98.91 , 99.3، "In"، 0.
00.98، "be"، 0.90771484375]، [ 0.98، 101.28، "به دنبال"، 0.796
"Wordsworth"، 0.85888671875]، 104.18671875]، 104.18671875]، .104.18،
09، 390، 3720، 29 13، 51474]، 0.0، -0.2285879629
6، 109.0، "مثل"، 0.7397460937 ، [109.0، 110.56، "1805، 1803، 8،7، 0 78]، 0.0
-0.24979167858759563، 1.4591836
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[51314، 1223، 13، 51364]، 0.05، 0.0، 51391، 0.0 67، 286، 576،
1454، 51760]، 0.0 ، 0.24979167858759563، 1.459183673
3.26، 143.84، "و"، 0.8959960 75]، [143.84، 144.38، "در"، 0.
.91، 14، 0. . 151.3، "از"، 0.897
46، "آماده ای؟"، [50868، 509، 919، 30، 50918]، 0.0، -0.266189
157.22، 157.74، "خوب است."، [5091 2205، 18] 2205، 16، 13، 2205، 13، 509.
راف، 0.76171875]، 163.28، 163.78، "طرح"، 0.8608
، 175.66، "بیت"، 0.46923828125 [175.66، 175.94، "بیشتر." 2.58،
182.78، "به" ، 0.903
2، 191.76، "آن"، 0.863769531 ]، [191.76، 192.32، "شما"، 0.8
93220338983051، 0.1644287109375، .4، .207، 2،
"شروع"، 0.8564453125]، 208.72، 209.0، "با،"، 0.8139
281، 51058]، 0.0، -0.2195030088 61564، 1.5593220338983051، 0.16
4، 214.6، "به دست آوردن"، 0.810136، 0.810136 930
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, 1080, 32146, 13, 50950], 0.0, 0.4322916587193807، 1.222916587193807، 1.25209، 2.209، 2.209 1875
[229.26، 229.76، "روح"، 0.78
43، 11، 50996]، 0.0، -0.3751953 579071، 1.2571428571428571، 0.3
، 256.5، "فیلدها"، 0.714355468 ]، [256.5، 2، 6، 2، 6، 2، 2، 2، 2، 2، 3، 3، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 4، 5، 5، 5، 5، 6، 4، 6، 4، 6، 6، 4، 6، 4، 6، 4، 4، 4، 4، 6، 6، 6، 6، 6، 1, 4, 4.0 78، 294، 264،
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30:01
it. Because as I said at the beginning of the video,  
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reading poetry can be a very nice way to relax at the end of the day.  
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So I'd encourage you on that journey. If this is the first time watching  
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my channel, please subscribe. This channel is mainly for people learning  
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English as a foreign language, despite this lesson being on William Wordsworth.  
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But there are lessons out on my  channel for native speakers as well.  
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So please subscribe, please share if you found  it useful, and I hope to see you again soon.
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85.42، "Affects"، 0.779296875] [485.42، 485.98، "ما"، 0.8100
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1، 570.28، "a"، 0.96826171875] [570.28، 570.5، "شبیه"، 0.96
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درباره این وب سایت

این سایت ویدیوهای یوتیوب را به شما معرفی می کند که برای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی مفید هستند. دروس انگلیسی را خواهید دید که توسط معلمان درجه یک از سراسر جهان تدریس می شود. روی زیرنویس انگلیسی نمایش داده شده در هر صفحه ویدیو دوبار کلیک کنید تا ویدیو از آنجا پخش شود. زیرنویس‌ها با پخش ویدیو همگام می‌شوند. اگر نظر یا درخواستی دارید، لطفا با استفاده از این فرم تماس با ما تماس بگیرید.

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