Grammar: Mixing conditionals - BBC English Masterclass

262,789 views ใƒป 2016-08-15

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:13
Hi guys. Dan from BBC Learning English here. In this session we'll be looking at mixed
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. BBC Learning English์˜ Dan์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ์…˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ
00:18
conditionals. Now, I know that clever students like yourselves will know that English has
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด์—
00:23
three types of conditional sentences. First conditional is to talk about real, present
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์‹ค์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ
00:27
or future situations, second conditional is to talk about hypothetical present or future
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
00:32
situations and third conditional is to talk about hypothetical past situations. All three
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, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€
00:37
types of conditional are fantastic and all three types of conditional talk about events
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์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€ ๋ชจ๋‘
00:41
within their own time frame - present, future and past. But what about if you want to talk
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž์ฒด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:46
about an event that happened in the past - which affects the future? Can events in the present
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ํ˜„์žฌ
00:52
or the future affect the past?
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๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:56
Come over here and let's take a look. Here is a third conditional sentence:
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์ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์™€์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
If I had taken programming at school, I would have got a job at Google years ago.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์— Google์— ์ทจ์งํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Here we have a past hypothetical with a past consequence. Notice the formula: 'If' plus
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณต์‹์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”: 'If' ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ
01:12
the past perfect here, 'would' plus have plus the past participle here. Now watch what happens
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'would' ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
01:17
as we change the consequence.
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01:24
If I had taken programming at school, I would be working for Google.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด Google์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Now we have a past hypothetical with a present consequence. This part here is from a second
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:34
conditional. Its formula is 'would' plus the bare infinitive. This kind of makes sense
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. ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์‹์€ 'would'์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
in that decisions or actions in the past affect the present. But can we do the future? Well,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธ€์Ž„,
01:47
let's have a look.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž.
01:50
If I had taken programming at school, I would be attending the Google conference next week.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— Google ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์ฐธ์„ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
Yes we can. As you can see, the only difference between the present and the future is the
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์–ด. ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€
02:01
time expression. The formula is exactly the same: 'would' plus the infinitive. Second
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 'would'์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
02:06
conditional. Did you get it? Now let's see what happens if we try to make the second
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์กฐ๊ฑด๋ถ€. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ(ํ˜„์žฌ์ธ)๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
02:12
- which is the present - affect the past, which is a third.
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02:19
If I were smarter, I would have invented something clever when I was younger.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ Š์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ• 
02:24
It can. Now we have a present theory with a past result. This can be a little difficult
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์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '
02:30
to understand, until we realise that 'if I were smarter' is the same as saying 'I am
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด'์ด '๋‚˜๋Š”
02:36
not smart' - which is present simple. And remember that we use present simple for long
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
02:40
term truth. When I say 'I am not smart', I mean: I am not smart now, in the future and
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. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋„ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:47
in the past. It's the same as saying 'I am English' - past, present and future. So, this
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. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ผœ 'I am English'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ
02:54
kind of conditional works very well with personal descriptions. And here are a couple of other
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์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
02:59
examples.
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์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
If he were taller, he would have become a basketball player.
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ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋†๊ตฌ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
03:08
If they were in love, they would have got married 10 years ago.
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์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด 10๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
03:12
And if I were less interesting, I wouldn't have been asked to speak in public so many times.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํฅ๋ฏธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์„คํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Did you get it? Good. Let's try one more. Present to past. But a little bit more specific
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์€. ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:24
this time.
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03:26
If I weren't flying on holiday next week, I would have accepted that new project at
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
work.
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03:31
Here we have a present second, although it's actually future, with a past third result.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
This means that the person couldn't accept the project at work because they knew that
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:42
they would be flying in the future. OK guys, did you get it? Mixing conditionals isn't
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. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด ์–˜๋“ค์•„, ๋ฐ›์•˜์–ด? ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ฌธ์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:48
difficult to do, as long as you both have confidence and an understanding of the verb
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์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ
03:52
forms. It's much easier to do a third to second than it is to do a second to third, but both
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค
03:58
are possible. And finally, don't forget the importance of time words. OK? Alright.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
04:02
Now, for more information have a look at bbclearningenglish.com. I've been Dan, you've been great. Have fun
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์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ bbclearningenglish.com์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” Dan์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด
04:09
guys, see you next time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„ธ์š”, ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ด์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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