❓The past simple and past perfect tenses - English Learners' Questions

73,285 views ・ 2017-08-18

BBC Learning English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hi guys! Dan here for BBC Learning English with this week's Learner Question. Find out
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„! Dan은 이번 μ£Ό ν•™μŠ΅μž 질문과 ν•¨κ»˜ BBC μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:05
what it is after this.
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이 후에 그것이 무엇인지 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
00:13
OK! This week's learner question comes from Niki from Hungary, who writes: The following
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μ’‹μ•„μš”! 이번 μ£Ό ν•™μŠ΅μž μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ ν—κ°€λ¦¬μ˜ Nikiκ°€ μ“΄ κΈ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:23
sentence has been giving me a headache for weeks now. Could you please give me the correct
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.
00:28
answer and justify it? When was the last time you had eaten / ate in this restaurant? Two
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정닡을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μ •λ‹Ήν™”ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 이 μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 식사/식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 것이 μ–Έμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 2
00:37
weeks ago. Ok, Niki, are you ready? Here we go.
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μ£Ό μ „. μ’‹μ•„, λ‹ˆν‚€, 쀀비됐어? μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
So, in your example it has to be the past simple. When was the last time you ate in
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λ”°λΌμ„œ κ·€ν•˜μ˜ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆœ κ³Όκ±°μ—¬μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 이 μ‹λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 식사λ₯Ό ν•œ 것이 μ–Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
00:47
this restaurant? Two weeks ago. Now the past simple refers to finished periods of time
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? 2 μ£Ό μ „. 이제 κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœμ€ μ™„λ£Œλœ μ‹œκ°„
00:53
or moments of time. It refers to a definite past. So, it’s often used with time adverbials
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λ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό 가리킨닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ‹œκ°„ 뢀사와 ν•¨κ»˜ 자주 μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:01
such as: last night, some time ago, in 1985, earlier today, at six o clock this morning,
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: last night, some time ago, in 1985, early today, at 6 o clock this morning,
01:07
the last time, the first time, etc etc etc. And don’t forget that the auxiliary verb is did. For
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the last time, the first time λ“±. μ‘°λ™μ‚¬λŠ” didμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
example: The first time I ever rode a horse was on my 7th birthday. And the last time
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예: λ‚΄κ°€ 처음으둜 말을 νƒ”λ˜ 것은 7번째 생일 λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ€
01:21
was 6 months ago.
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6κ°œμ›” μ „.
01:24
The past simple can also be used to refer to repeated past events and past habits and
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κ³Όκ±° λ‹¨μˆœμ€ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” κ³Όκ±° 사건과 κ³Όκ±° μŠ΅κ΄€ 및
01:29
past states. For example: When I was small, we lived in a cottage by the sea and I played
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κ³Όκ±° μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 데에도 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예: λ‚΄κ°€ 어렸을 λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λ‹·κ°€ μ˜€λ‘λ§‰μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜κ³ 
01:35
every day on the beach.
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맀일 ν•΄λ³€μ—μ„œ λ†€μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Now, the past perfect is formed using had + a past participle verb. And, we use it when
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” had + κ³Όκ±° 뢄사 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고
01:44
we are already discussing the past and wish to refer back to an event that happened before
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이미 과거에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있고 이 μ‹œμ  이전에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 사건을 λ‹€μ‹œ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  싢을 λ•Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:50
this point. For example: When I got to the cinema, the film had already started.
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. 예: λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜ν™”κ΄€μ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ˜ν™”λŠ” 이미 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Now, the past perfect can also be used with words like after, as soon as, when and once,
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이제 κ³Όκ±° μ™„λ£ŒλŠ” after, as soon as, when 및 once와 같은 단어와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λ„
02:04
but usually only to emphasise that one action is quite separate and independent and has
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μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 일반적으둜 ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λΆ„λ¦¬λ˜κ³  독립적이며
02:10
finished before another one. Remember, everything’s in the past. So, compare these sentences:
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘μ—…λ³΄λ‹€ λ¨Όμ € μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μ‚¬μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ³Όκ±°λΌλŠ” 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ . λ”°λΌμ„œ λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯을 비ꡐ해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:19
When I got out of the car, I bought a parking ticket. These two are connected. One follows
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μ°¨μ—μ„œ 내렸을 λ•Œ μ£Όμ°¨ μœ„λ°˜ 딱지λ₯Ό μƒ€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 λ‘˜μ€ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
02:25
the other. However, when I had got out of the car, a dog ran over to me. These two events
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그런데 λ‚΄κ°€ μ°¨μ—μ„œ λ‚΄λ¦¬μž κ°œκ°€ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 달렀왔닀. 이 두 μ΄λ²€νŠΈλŠ”
02:31
are unconnected and separate.
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μ—°κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λΆ„λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
I hope that answers your question Niki. Thank you very much for writing to us. If anybody
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Nikiλ‹˜μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡변이 λ˜μ—ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€. νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
else out there has a question for Learners’ Questions, you can email us on: [email protected].
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•™μŠ΅μž μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 질문이 μžˆλŠ” 경우 [email protected]둜 이메일을 보낼 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Please remember to put Learners’ Questions in the subject box and your name and where
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ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ 제λͺ© μƒμžμ— μž…λ ₯ν•˜κ³  κ·€ν•˜μ˜ 이름과
02:48
you’re writing from. We get a lot of emails, guys, and we can’t answer every single one,
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μž‘μ„± μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 이메일을 λ°›κ³  λͺ¨λ“  이메일에 λ‹΅ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
02:53
but we do read them all. And for more information, go to our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μžμ„Έν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ€ 저희 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ bbclearningenglish.com을 μ°Έμ‘°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:57
That’s it for this week’s Learners’ Questions. I’ll see you next time.
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이것이 이번 μ£Ό ν•™μŠ΅μž μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμ— λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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