โ“The past simple and past perfect tenses - English Learners' Questions

73,927 views ใƒป 2017-08-18

BBC Learning English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi guys! Dan here for BBC Learning English with this week's Learner Question. Find out
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„! Dan์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ BBC ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:05
what it is after this.
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์ด ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:13
OK! This week's learner question comes from Niki from Hungary, who writes: The following
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์˜ Niki๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:23
sentence has been giving me a headache for weeks now. Could you please give me the correct
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.
00:28
answer and justify it? When was the last time you had eaten / ate in this restaurant? Two
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์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹์‚ฌ/์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? 2
00:37
weeks ago. Ok, Niki, are you ready? Here we go.
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์ฃผ ์ „. ์ข‹์•„, ๋‹ˆํ‚ค, ์ค€๋น„๋์–ด? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
So, in your example it has to be the past simple. When was the last time you ate in
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์‹๋‹น์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
00:47
this restaurant? Two weeks ago. Now the past simple refers to finished periods of time
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? 2 ์ฃผ ์ „. ์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„
00:53
or moments of time. It refers to a definite past. So, itโ€™s often used with time adverbials
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๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:01
such as: last night, some time ago, in 1985, earlier today, at six o clock this morning,
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: last night, some time ago, in 1985, early today, at 6 o clock this morning,
01:07
the last time, the first time, etc etc etc. And donโ€™t forget that the auxiliary verb is did. For
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the last time, the first time ๋“ฑ. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” did์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
example: The first time I ever rode a horse was on my 7th birthday. And the last time
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์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์„ ํƒ”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ 7๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์€
01:21
was 6 months ago.
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6๊ฐœ์›” ์ „.
01:24
The past simple can also be used to refer to repeated past events and past habits and
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์Šต๊ด€ ๋ฐ
01:29
past states. For example: When I was small, we lived in a cottage by the sea and I played
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ 
01:35
every day on the beach.
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๋งค์ผ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋†€์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Now, the past perfect is formed using had + a past participle verb. And, we use it when
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” had + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:44
we are already discussing the past and wish to refer back to an event that happened before
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:50
this point. For example: When I got to the cinema, the film had already started.
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. ์˜ˆ: ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™”๊ด€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Now, the past perfect can also be used with words like after, as soon as, when and once,
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋Š” after, as soon as, when ๋ฐ once์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„
02:04
but usually only to emphasise that one action is quite separate and independent and has
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:10
finished before another one. Remember, everythingโ€™s in the past. So, compare these sentences:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:19
When I got out of the car, I bought a parking ticket. These two are connected. One follows
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์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์ฐจ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋”ฑ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:25
the other. However, when I had got out of the car, a dog ran over to me. These two events
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š”
02:31
are unconnected and separate.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
I hope that answers your question Niki. Thank you very much for writing to us. If anybody
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Niki๋‹˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
else out there has a question for Learnersโ€™ Questions, you can email us on: [email protected].
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ [email protected]๋กœ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
Please remember to put Learnersโ€™ Questions in the subject box and your name and where
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ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๋ชฉ ์ƒ์ž์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ
02:48
youโ€™re writing from. We get a lot of emails, guys, and we canโ€™t answer every single one,
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์ž‘์„ฑ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
02:53
but we do read them all. And for more information, go to our website bbclearningenglish.com.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ bbclearningenglish.com์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
02:57
Thatโ€™s it for this weekโ€™s Learnersโ€™ Questions. Iโ€™ll see you next time.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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