English tenses in conversation | Past Simple & Present Perfect | 'did' or 'have done' today?

176,892 views ใƒป 2022-02-03

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Which tense should we useย with expressions like 'today' or 'this morning'?
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'์˜ค๋Š˜' ๋˜๋Š” '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
00:05
Should we use the Presentย Perfect? Should we say: I've done it today?
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์–ด?
00:10
Or,ย the Past Simple: I did it today.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
Well actually,ย we can use both. The Past Simple and the Presentย Perfect.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ.
00:19
But it depends on the context.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Hello andย welcome everyone, this is Minoo at Anglo-Link.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Anglo-Link์˜ Minoo์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I see a lot of confusion among my studentsย about the tense to use for a completed action
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
00:32
with time expressions like 'this morning',ย 'today', 'this week', etc.
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'์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ', '์˜ค๋Š˜', '์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ' ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
So, in this lessonย we'll look at some very typical scenariosย and situations to make it absolutely clear
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์™€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:44
for you which one to use when.
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.
00:48
So,ย let's now begin our lesson by lookingย at what the word 'today' actually means.
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์ด์ œ '์˜ค๋Š˜'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
We can interpret 'today' in four different ways.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์˜ค๋Š˜'์„ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
We can consider 'today' to mean from midnightย to midnight.
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'์˜ค๋Š˜'์€ ์ž์ •๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์ •๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
That's the clock time a.m and p.m.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜ค์ „๊ณผ ์˜คํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
We can think of 'today' as from sunriseย to sunset.
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'์˜ค๋Š˜'์€ ์ผ์ถœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ๋ชฐ๊นŒ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
That's all the time we haveย daylight.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
We can interpret 'today' as beingย the time I wake up until the time I sleep.
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'์˜ค๋Š˜'์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž ๋“œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
So,ย that will be your full day.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And we can alsoย interpret 'today' as from the time you startย your work or activities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์˜ค๋Š˜'์€ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๋‚ด๋Š” ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
to the time you finishย them.
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.
01:34
That would be the active part of your day.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So, that's 'today'.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์˜ค๋Š˜'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
Now, let's look at theย two tenses:
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ
01:42
Have done and Did.
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Have done๊ณผ Did๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
As you know,ย have done, which is the Present Perfect tenseย refers to an action that's completed until now.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ have done์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
But, without a specified past time. For example:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด:
01:56
I have spoken to my supervisor.
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์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
Whereas, 'did' which, is the Past Simple,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ธ 'did'๋Š”
02:01
is also for a completedย action but, this time we have a specified past time.
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
For example: I spoke to my supervisor yesterday.
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์˜ˆ: ์–ด์ œ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
So, that brings us to the question:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Is today aย past time reference?
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์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:17
Well it depends on two things.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Firstly, which part of the day you're speaking in.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And secondly, whether you're referring toย your full day or just your active day.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Okay!ย We're going to look at three scenarios whereย today refers to different things.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Let's startย with scenario 1.
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์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Let's say it's 4 p.m. You'reย still at work. You call your partner with goodย news.
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์˜คํ›„ 4์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง ์ง์žฅ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Will you say to your partner:
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ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:49
I spoke toย my supervisor today. I can take next week off.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Or, would you say:
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
02:56
I have spoken to my supervisorย today. I can take next week off.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
So, it's 4 p.m. You're still at work.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜คํ›„ 4์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ง ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So your work day is not overย yet. You're still in that time frame.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์€ ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
And thereforeย we should use the Present Perfect tense:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
I have spoken to my supervisor today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Okay! Let's look at scenario number 2.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2๋ฒˆ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:22
Now, it's 6 p.m. And you're back home.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
And you share the good news with your partner.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Will you say:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€:
03:30
I have spoken to my supervisorย today. I can take next week off.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‰ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Or: I spoke to myย supervisor today.
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๋˜๋Š”: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Which one would you choose now?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋Š ์ชฝ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:42
Right, in this case it's 6 p.m. Your work day isย over. So, now 'today' becomes a past time referenceย in your context.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 6์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ '์˜ค๋Š˜'์€ ์ปจํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
Therefore, you should say to yourย partner:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
I spoke to my supervisor today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Right,ย let's look at scenario number 3.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 3๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Now it's 10 p.m.ย on a Saturday evening. You're ready to go to bed.
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์ด์ œ ์˜คํ›„ 10์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…์—. ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
You say to your partner:
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ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
I don't know why I feelย so tired. I not do much today.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•œ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
04:17
What do you thinkย you'd say here?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‚˜์š”?
04:20
Would you say:
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04:22
I didn't doย much today. Or: I haven't done much today.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
04:27
Right, now you're referring to your full dayย but, because you're just about to go to bed,ย that full day continues.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
You're still in thatย time frame.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
So the correct answer here is:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
I haven't done much today.
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
Alright, let's lookย at a similar time expression 'this morning'.
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์ž, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ'์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Two scenarios here. The first one.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ.
04:51
It's 10 a.m. andย you're at the office.
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์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
You notice your colleague,ย Mary, isn't there.
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๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ Mary๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
You say to another colleague:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Iย not see Mary this morning. Any idea where she is?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— Mary๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
05:06
What would you say:
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05:08
I didn't see Mary thisย morning. Or: I haven't seen Mary this morning.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— Mary๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— Mary๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
The correct answer is:
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์ •๋‹ต์€
05:16
I haven't seenย Mary this morning.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— Mary๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Because it's 10 a.m. Morning is not a past time reference yet.
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์˜ค์ „ 10์‹œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„์นจ์€ ์•„์ง ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Okay! Let's look at scenario number 2.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2๋ฒˆ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:28
Now, it's 2 p.m. and you see Mary atย her desk.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฑ…์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” Mary๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
What will you say to Mary?
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:35
Iย haven't seen you this morning. Where were you?ย  Or: I didn't see you this morning. Where were you?
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋ชป ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด? ๋˜๋Š”: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด?
05:44
So now, it's 2 p.m. So, when we say this morningย  we're talking about a past time reference.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 2์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
This morning is clearly in the past.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
So theย correct tense is:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
05:57
I didn't see you this morning.
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I don't see you this morning์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Now, let's look at a slightly differentย situation using the expression 'thisย afternoon'
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์ด์ œ '์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
06:06
but referring to all of thisย afternoon.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์˜คํ›„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
In which case we usually just say:ย All afternoon.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด.
06:14
And usually in this case, the tenseย becomes a continuous tense.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So I'm going to giveย you again two scenarios. Let's look at scenarioย 1.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 1์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
It's 4:45 p.m. and you're still answering emails,ย which you started at 12:30.
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์˜คํ›„ 4์‹œ 45๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 12์‹œ 30๋ถ„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
What will youย say:
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What will you say:
06:33
I was answering emails all afternoon. Or:ย I have been answering emails all afternoon.
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์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Pass Continuous or Present Perfect Continuous.
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Pass Continuous ๋˜๋Š” Present Perfect Continuous๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
Well, you're still at work. Your work dayย continues. So, all afternoon is not a past timeย reference yet.
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ผ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
06:56
You should say:
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๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
I haveย been answering emails all afternoon.
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์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
So,ย let's look at scenario number 2.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค 2๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Now, it's 7 p.m.ย and you're back home. And you think to yourself:
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:10
What a boring day!
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์ •๋ง ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ!
07:12
Would you say:
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07:13
I was answeringย emails all afternoon. Or: I have been answeringย emails all afternoon.
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์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
Of course, now your workdayย is over. You're home. So, speaking about work.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์ œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
'All afternoon' is a past time reference.
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'์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด'๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
So, youย should say:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
I was answering emails all afternoon.
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์˜คํ›„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๋‹ต์žฅ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Right! Let's look at this evening.
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:39
I have two scenariosย again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Let's say you've had dinner at a friend'sย house and you see it's getting late.
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์นœ๊ตฌ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
What willย you say to this friend with the verb 'have'?
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๋™์‚ฌ 'have'๋กœ ์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:50
I have a great time this evening. I'd love to stayย longer, but it's getting late.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์— ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Would you say:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
07:59
I had. Or: I've had.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
The correct answer is:
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์ •๋‹ต์€
08:05
I'veย had. because this part of the evening that you'reย spending with your friend is not over yet.
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„์ง ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Now, let's look at our second scenario.
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์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
You'veย had dinner at a friend's house, and you'veย just returned home.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
You say to your brother:
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:24
I a great time at Sally's this evening. I wish Iย could have stayed longer.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋… Sally์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•˜์„ ํ…๋ฐ.
08:30
So, now would you say:
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์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:33
I have had a great time. Or: I had a great time.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
And this time the answer is: I had a great time.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
Because the part of the evening that you spentย with your friend is over.
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
It's now a time frameย in the past.
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์ด์ œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Right! How about expressionsย like 'this week', or 'this month',ย or 'this year'?
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! '์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ', '์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ', '์˜ฌํ•ด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:00
With these expressions,ย always use the Present Perfect.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:04
For example:
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์˜ˆ:
09:05
I have seen several good films this week, or, thisย month, or this year.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ, ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŽธ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Except if you use the wordย ....
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.... '์ด์ „'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ 
09:13
'earlier'.
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.
09:14
For example, you can say:
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
Iย saw several good films earlier this month.
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ ์ดˆ์— ์ข‹์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํŽธ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Or: Earlier this week, we signed a newย contract.
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๋˜๋Š”: ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ ์ดˆ์— ์ƒˆ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
So, this week, or this month,ย or this year, they're always Present Perfect.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ, ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
The frame always continues.
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ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณ„์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
If you put 'earlier',ย you make that a past time frame.
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'์ด์ „'์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Right! One lastย thing before we wrap up,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ! ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
09:44
and that is all usage guidelines I give you in my lessons applyย to British English.
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์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ง€์นจ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
So, don't be surprised if youย ย theย don't always hear the Present Perfect tenseย  used in the same way in American English.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋†€๋ผ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
09:59
Okay! That brings us to the end of this lesson.
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์ข‹์•„์š”! ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
Ifย you'd like to watch all my lessons on the tenses
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์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ
10:18
Thank you for watching, and I look forward toย seeing you in my next lesson.
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์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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