Passive Voice | English Grammar Lesson | C1-Advanced

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to this presentation,ย  which is about the passive voice. So let me shareย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
00:11
my presentation so that you can see what we'reย  going to discuss regarding the passive voice.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ• ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:16
There are two common questions I get. The firstย  one is 'when should we use the passive voice'? Andย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '์–ธ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
00:23
the answer is very simple to that. It's when weย  don't know or don't need to mention who performsย ย 
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
an action. So, let's look at the example. If yourย  active sentence is: 'Someone left the window openย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค์— ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
last night'. When we don't know who that someoneย  is, it's more appropriate to use the passive voiceย ย 
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'. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
00:44
and say: 'The window was left open last night'.ย  And the second question about the passive voiceย ย 
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'The window was left open last night'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ ์ ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
00:50
always is: 'What are the common mistakes becauseย  it's kind of a tricky structure to formulate'? So,ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ' ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
00:58
you've got the answer to the first question.ย  Now, for the answer to the second question,ย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ
01:03
let's review briefly how we formulate the passiveย  voice. Right, there are five steps really. Let'sย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 5๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
go through them. So, our active sentence was:ย  'Someone left the window open last night'. Theย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค์— ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
first thing to do is to remove the subject, whichย  is either unimportant or unknown. Things likeย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
'someone', 'they', 'we'. Not knowing exactlyย  who we're referring to. So, we remove that,ย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€', '๊ทธ๋“ค', '์šฐ๋ฆฌ' ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์นญํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ 
01:35
replace that. So, step two is replace thatย  by the object of your sentence. In this case,ย ย 
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๊ต์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
01:42
the window (the action was performed on theย  window), and that's why it's called the objectย ย 
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์ฐฝ(์ฐฝ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋จ )์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:48
of the sentence. So, you put the window at theย  beginning. You replace someone by the window.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐฝ์„ ๋งจ ์•ž์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฐฝ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
The third step, important very important step, isย  to conjugate the verb 'be' in the same tense. So,ย ย 
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'be'๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:04
we look at our active sentence, and the verb isย  left. So it's past simple, and therefore you mustย ย 
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๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
02:11
put the verb 'to be' in the past simple tense.ย  In this case, 'was'. Why 'was'? Because it's theย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ'? ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:19
window. It's it, so we need 'was' not 'where'. Andย  then the fourth step, now we have to add the pastย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์–ด๋””'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ œ
02:27
participle of the original verb. So, the verbย  was 'left'. So, we go leave, left, left. Okay,ย ย 
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์›๋ž˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” '์™ผ์ชฝ'์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋– ๋‚˜๊ณ , ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ, ์™ผ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”,
02:35
the past participle is the same. Looks the sameย  as the past simple. So, we keep put that in there,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ„์† ์ž…๋ ฅ
02:43
and then we add the remaining information. So,ย  we end up with: 'The window was left open lastย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค์— ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:51
night'. Now, I'm sure you have reviewed theseย  steps many many times. It's just about rememberingย ย 
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'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์…จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
not to miss one of those steps. And we will lookย  at the common mistakes soon. But before we do,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
03:04
I have three notes on the formulation ofย  the passive sentence. First of all, you canย ย 
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์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ์„ ,
03:13
mention the subject if you want. Remember, we haveย  eliminated the subject because it was unimportant.ย ย 
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์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
03:19
Now, if you absolutely want to mention it,ย  you can. And in this case, you have to use theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ผญ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:25
preposition 'by'. So, you can say: 'The windowย  was left open by someone last night. However,ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'by'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด์–ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
03:34
if the actor is really unknown, like someone orย  unimportant like in this example, it is usuallyย ย 
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด ์˜ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:41
dropped from the sentence. So, my recommendationย  is that you only add the actor if it is still aย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ญ์ œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:50
little important. If it's still an importantย  piece of information you want to convey. But,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๋ฉด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:55
it is less important than the action. But, don'tย  go saying things like: 'This was done by me'. Ifย ย 
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ํ–‰๋™๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '์ด๊ฑด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์•ผ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
04:05
you're going to mention yourself, 'me' the actorย  and it's important, then just stay with the activeย ย 
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ '๋‚˜'๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  '
04:12
sentence: 'I did this'. Okay, note two. Sometimes,ย  I get a question: 'Why can't we put this into aย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ํ–ˆ์–ด'๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ๋‘์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ€๋” '์™œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
passive sentence'? And it's usually because theย  verb of that active sentence is an intransitiveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ๋Šฅ๋™ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
04:30
verb. An intransitive verb is a verb thatย  doesn't need an object. Its meaning is completeย ย 
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์ž๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์‚ฌ๋ž€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
04:37
without an object. Like 'sleep', 'happen',ย  'arrive'. So, if you have a sentence like:ย ย 
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๋Œ€์ƒ ์—†์ด๋„ ์™„์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ž ', '์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค', '๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค' ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
04:43
'I arrived at work at 8 A.M'. There is no objectย  here to use to create a passive sentence. So,ย ย 
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'๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ „ 8์‹œ์— ์ง์žฅ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
04:52
be careful that only transitive verbs can beย  put into the passive form. And finally, numberย ย 
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ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ
04:59
three. Avoid putting perfect continuous tensesย  into the passive voice. So, don't say things like:ย ย 
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๋ฒˆ์งธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ์™„์ „์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:09
'The road has been being repaired for 3 days.ย  The reason is it's phonetically very awkward toย ย 
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'๋„๋กœ๋Š” 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
05:17
have two similar sounds like 'been' and 'being'ย  next to each other. Or 'be' and 'being'. So,ย ย 
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'be'์™€ 'being'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์Œ์„ฑํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” '๋˜๋‹ค'์™€ '์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค'. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:24
avoid putting these sounds together. In the caseย  of the example here, present continuous tense,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
05:31
just use the active form. Even if you don't knowย  the actor or it's unimportant. So, it's alwaysย ย 
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๋Šฅ๋™ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ
05:39
things like: 'They have been repairing the roadย  for three days'. The other two perfect continuousย ย 
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'๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 3์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•
05:45
tenses, past and future, are very uncommon evenย  in the active form. So, don't worry about those.ย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:52
Just make sure that you don't formulate theย  present perfect continuous passive sentences.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜• ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:00
Alright, these are the three notes. So now,ย  what are the common formulation mistakes? Let'sย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”๋ชจ 3๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์‹ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:06
have a look. I've got six of those to mention toย  you. The first one, very simple but very common,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ 6๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
06:12
I come across this quite a lot, is forgettingย  the verb 'to be'. Every passive sentence needsย ย 
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'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š”
06:18
to have the verb 'to be' conjugated in oneย  tense or other. So, let's look at the example:ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
'Someone took the car to the garage'. The mistakeย  would be saying: 'The car taken to the garage'.ย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” '์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
You must have the verb 'to be'. Which one,ย  which tense? You look at the first sentence,ย ย 
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'๋˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ, ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์ฆ‰
06:39
the active sentence. Someone took (past simple).ย  So, the verb 'to be' in the past simple. 'The carย ย 
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ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ)์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ฐจ๋Š”
06:46
was taken to the garage'. That's an easy one toย  forget. It's usually just a slip. Now number two,ย ย 
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์ฐจ๊ณ ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
06:55
common also, is changing the tense to a similarย  tense. For example, if the active sentence is:ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
07:02
'They've cancelled tomorrow's webinar'. I oftenย  hear people using, just now, the past simple:ย ย 
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'๋‚ด์ผ ์›น ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
'Tomorrow's webinar was cancelled'. Because it'sย  a finished action, you've got to stay exactly theย ย 
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'๋‚ด์ผ ์›น ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๋™์ž‘์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:15
same tense as the original active sentence. So,ย  we need not 'was' here, which is the past simple,ย ย 
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์›๋ž˜ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ธ 'was'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ
07:23
but 'has been', which is the present perfect ofย  the verb 'to be'. 'Tomorrow's webinar has beenย ย 
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์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์ธ 'has been'์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '๋‚ด์ผ ์›จ๋น„๋‚˜๋Š”
07:30
cancelled'. So, stick to the tense, the originalย  tense. Number three is forgetting the prepositionย ย 
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์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์›๋ž˜์˜ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”
07:39
in a prepositional or phrasal verb. If the verbย  has a preposition, make sure you keep it in theย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
07:47
passive sentence. I often see this dropped. So, weย  have examples of prepositional verbs: 'listen to',ย ย 
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. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 'listen to',
07:55
'rely on', etc. Or phrasal verbs: 'pick up', 'lookย  after', etc. And the preposition must stay. So,ย ย 
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'rely on' ๋“ฑ. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ: 'pick up', 'look after' ๋“ฑ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:03
examples (active): 'We can't rely on publicย  transport'. 'Public transport can't be reliedย ย 
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์˜ˆ(๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ): '์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์— ์˜์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค '. '๋Œ€์ค‘๊ตํ†ต์€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:11
on'. You finish with 'on'. Phrasal example: 'Theย  Gardener is looking after the garden'. 'The gardenย ย 
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'. 'on'์œผ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ: ' ์ •์›์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์›์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' '์ •์›์„
08:19
is being looked after.' The prepositionย  stays right next to the verb, okay. Now,ย ย 
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๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
08:28
three more. Number four. It's not respectingย  subject verb agreement. For example, if it's:ย ย 
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3๊ฐœ ๋”์š”. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ. ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
'One of the mums is picking up the children atย  two'. And now you put the children as the objectย ย 
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'์—„๋งˆ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด 2์‹œ์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
08:42
at the beginning of your sentence, and forgettingย  that the children is plural. So and you might say:ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
'The children is being picked up at two'. Makeย  sure, every time you check that the object thatย ย 
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'์•„์ด๋“ค์€ 2์‹œ์— ํ”ฝ์—…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
08:58
you've started your sentence with is plural orย  singular. And maybe you need to adjust. So in thisย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ์ง€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ์ง€ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด
09:04
case: 'The children are being picked up at two'.ย  Next one, it's avoiding using a person or peopleย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '๋‘์‹œ์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:14
as the object. Because you think oh we can'tย  have a person in the object position in a passiveย ย 
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. ์•„, ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์œ„์น˜์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:21
sentence. Yes you can, and it's actually veryย  common. Like in the previous example 'children'.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์˜ˆ '์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด'์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
So the object of a verb can be a person or people.ย  And in English, it's really common actually toย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
09:34
create a passive sentence with a person or peopleย  as the object. For example: 'Someone told John'.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ: '๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ John์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
09:41
John here is the object of the verb 'tell' that heย  had won a prize.' So, a very common sentence wouldย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ John์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ '๋งํ•˜๋‹ค'์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .' ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
09:48
be: 'John was told that he had won a prize'.ย  A little note on this topic, on this mistake,ย ย 
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๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'John์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' ์ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
09:57
is that a sentence, an active sentence, may haveย  two objects. A person and a thing. And in thisย ย 
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๋Šฅ๋™ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด
10:05
case, you have a choice. You can use either theย  object or the person. But again, the person isย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
10:11
more common, interestingly. For example, if theย  sentence is: 'They offered Mary a promotion'. So,ย ย 
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๋” ํ”ํ•˜๊ณ , ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด '๊ทธ๋“ค์ด Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:18
you have Mary as the object, and a promotion asย  the object. The better sentence, passive sentence,ย ย 
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Mary๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋™ํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€
10:25
would be: 'Mary was offered a promotion'. Theย  alternative: 'A promotion was offered to Mary',ย ย 
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'Mary was Offered a Promotion'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์•ˆ: 'Mary์—๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๋Š”
10:33
is not that common. It's correct, but not thatย  common. Particularly because now you have to bringย ย 
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๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด์ œ๋Š” '~
10:39
in a proposition 'to'. So, it's more complicated.ย  So, feel comfortable putting people in the objectย ย 
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์—๊ฒŒ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:46
position in a passive sentence. And finally,ย  sometimes we may lose the negation. For example,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์„ ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
10:56
if your sentence begins with a negative word,ย  like 'nobody': 'Nobody is going to water theย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด 'nobody'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ : '์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‹๋ฌผ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:02
plants'. You see the verb is positive, and youย  may forget that you have to make it negative. Soย ย 
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.' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์–ด๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
11:09
in this case, we need to use a negative verb:ย  'The plants are not going to be watered.' Youย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: 'The plant are not to a watered.'
11:16
must keep that negative sense in your passiveย  sentence. But another time, for example: 'No oneย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” '์•„๋ฌด๋„
11:23
could do anything'. 'Anything' is the object ofย  this sentence. If you only put 'anything' at theย ย 
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.' 'Anything'์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•ž์— 'anything'๋งŒ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
11:31
beginning, and say: 'Anything could be done',ย  you are not creating a negative sentence. Youย ย 
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'Anything could be done'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
need to change it to a complete full negativeย  word. So in this case, your passive sentence is:ย ย 
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์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
'Nothing could be done'. Right, so that's the endย  of the presentation. I hope it has answered yourย ย 
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'์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. ๋„ค, ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
two questions when to use the passive voice.ย  Only if the actor is unknown or unimportant.ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
And how to avoid the common mistakes, which I hopeย  you are now familiar with. I hope you've enjoyedย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
this lesson. For more on this topic, click here.ย  Remember to also check out my complete onlineย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ย ย ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ์ข‹์•„์š”
12:13
course, and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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