In order to, With a view to, So that | Linking Words of Purpose | English Lesson | C1-Advanced

1,288 views ใƒป 2024-11-22

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:03
[Music]
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[์Œ์•…] ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to this lesson,ย  which is all about linking words of purpose.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:11
Let me share my screen with you and take youย  through the slides. So, a very common mistakeย ย 
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๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
00:19
that I hear is when you're sometimes asked a 'why'ย  question, like: Why have you joined this course? Iย ย 
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'์™œ'๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š”
00:27
sometimes hear you answer with 'for doing', like:ย  For improving my English. This is not the correctย ย 
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 'ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‚ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ์ด๋Š”
00:34
structure to answer this question with. You shouldย  really just say: To improve my English . So,ย ย 
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‚ด ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
00:39
that's the most common mistake I hear, andย  there are two other mistakes that I would likeย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:45
to mention to you. But before we look at those,ย  let's have a quick review of the linking words ofย ย 
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. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:51
purpose together. So, what does a linking word ofย  purpose do? It connects one action to its desiredย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:00
result, for example, we're really wanting toย  know why are we doing action A, and it's for theย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ก์…˜ A๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š”
01:08
purpose of achieving action B. We want a result,ย  a consequence. Action A is in the main clause,ย ย 
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์•ก์…˜ B๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์…˜ A๋Š” ์ฃผ์ ˆ, ์ฆ‰
01:17
what we call the 'main clause', for example:ย  I've joined this course, and action B is in whatย ย 
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'์ฃผ์ ˆ'์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ฝ”์Šค์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์•ก์…˜ B๋Š”
01:24
we call the 'subordinate clause': to improveย  my English. So, that's what they do for us,ย ย 
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'ํ•˜์œ„ ์ ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
linking words of purpose. Now, let's look at theย  types of linking words of purpose. I've dividedย ย 
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๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
01:40
them into three categories: informal, neutral,ย  and formal. So, looking at the informal ones:ย ย 
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹, ์ค‘๋ฆฝ, ๊ณต์‹์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด:
01:49
there are two words here that serve the purposeย  of linking words. They are 'to' and 'so'. Now,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '~์—'์™€ '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ,
01:59
if actions A and B are by the same person, soย  in other words, we have the same subject inย ย 
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ํ–‰์œ„ A์™€ B๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฆ‰
02:06
the main clause and in the subordinate clause,ย  both of these work: to and so. If you use 'to',ย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ to์™€ so๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:15
you need to follow with the base verb to 'do', andย  if you use 'so', you need to start a new sentence,ย ย 
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'do'๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, 'so'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
for example: I've moved out the furniture to paintย  the room. Or: I've moved out the furniture so Iย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด I've move out the furniture to Paintย  the room . ๋˜๋Š”:
02:31
can paint the room. Now, if the actions A and Bย  in the two parts of the sentence are by differentย ย 
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๋ฐฉ์— ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์น ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ A์™€ B ๋™์ž‘์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
02:39
people, you only have one choice, and that's theย  'so' structure: I've moved out the furniture soย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์„ ํƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ 'so' ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
we can paint the room. so, these are the informalย  ones. Let's look at the neutral linking words ofย ย 
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๋ฐฉ์„ ์น ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:57
purpose. They are: in order to and so that. Onceย  again, if actions A and B are by the same person,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ๋™์ž‘ A์™€ B๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
03:06
both formulas work: in order to + base verb, andย  so that + sentence: I've moved out the furnitureย ย 
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๋‘ ์ˆ˜์‹์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. to + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ + ๋ฌธ์žฅ:
03:16
in order to paint the room, but I've moved out theย  furniture so that I can paint the room. And onceย ย 
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๋ฐฉ์„ ์น ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์„ ์น ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜์›Œ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:25
again, if the actions are by different people,ย  then only the 'so that' structure is possible:ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ' ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์„
03:33
I've moved out the furniture so that we can paintย  the room. Now the next category, the final one,ย ย 
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์น ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์ธ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š”
03:41
is the formal linking words of purpose, and theyย  are subdivided into two categories themselves: theย ย 
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๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
first one: linking expressions. And now we have:ย  so as to and in order that. Once again, exactlyย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ
03:58
like we have seen with the other categories,ย  if the two actions are by the same person,ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:04
you can use both formulations: so as to + the baseย  verb, and in order that + a new sentence. So, forย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณต์‹์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, to + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ in order that + ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
example: They had amended the law so as to protectย  employees' rights. Or: They had amended the law inย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง์›์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š”:
04:24
order that they could protect employees' rights.ย  And once again, if the two actions, one in theย ย 
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์ง์›์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ,
04:33
main clause and one in the subordinate clause,ย  are by different people, we can only use the 'inย ย 
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์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ' ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
order that' structure: They had amended the law inย  order that it - 'it' referring to the law - couldย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ' ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„' '๋ฒ•์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€‹โ€‹-
04:49
protect employees' rights. So, that's subcategoryย  1 of the formal Expressions, but we have a secondย ย 
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์ง์›์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฉ์‹ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ 1์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
04:58
group, and that is compound prepositions, and theย  most common ones are: for the purpose of, with theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: for the ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
05:07
aim or with the intention of, and with a view to.ย  And these expressions are really only appropriateย ย 
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๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋„๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ง์œผ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
05:14
when the person is the same in both clauses,ย  Action a and action B by the same person. Andย ย 
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‘ ์ ˆ, ์ฆ‰ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ Action a์™€ Action B์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
05:22
this time, after a compound preposition, you mustย  use, not the base verb anymore, but the gerund:ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ:
05:29
doing. For example: They had amended the law withย  the aim of protecting employees' rights. Right,ย ย 
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doing์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ: ์ง์›์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,ย ย  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜
05:39
before we look at the three common mistakes thatย  I mentioned in the beginning, two important notes:ย ย 
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Note 1: If you want to emphasise the purpose,ย  you can start your sentence with the subordinateย ย 
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์ฐธ๊ณ  1: ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข…์†์ ˆ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:55
clause. Just make sure that you stress it withย  your voice when when you speak, and separate itย ย 
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. ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:01
with a comma from the main clause when you write.ย  For example, you can, we can say: To avoid, or inย ย 
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์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๋˜๋Š”
06:11
order to avoid, any further delays, let's makeย  a decision now. Or: So you can hear me better,ย ย 
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ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก,
06:20
or so that you can hear me better, I'm goingย  to use a microphone. And with the prepositions:ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ:
06:28
With a view to accelerating the process, we'veย  eliminated phase 2. So, don't forget to stress,ย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
06:36
with your voice, the subordinate clause that youย  are putting at the beginning. Right, and the finalย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. Right, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰
06:44
note, note 2: Subordinate clauses with 'so',ย  'so that', and 'in order that', usually includeย ย 
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์ฐธ๊ณ , ์ฐธ๊ณ  2: 'so', 'so that' ๋ฐ 'in order that'์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:51
a modal verb. In present and future situations,ย  we usually use 'can' in a positive subordinateย ย 
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. ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ • ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— 'can'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
06:59
clause, and 'won't' in a negative one, andย  for past situations, we usually use 'could'ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ • ์ข…์†์ ˆ์—๋Š” 'won't'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๊ธ์ • ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
07:06
in a positive subordinate clause and 'wouldn't'ย  in a negative one. Now we had the examples withย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  'would n't'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
07:13
'can' and 'could' in my previous examples, andย  we will see the negative ones in a minute. So,ย ย 
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์ด์ „ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ 'can'๊ณผ 'could'๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
07:21
let's now come to the common mistakes. Theย  first one, we've already looked at: that'sย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋“ฏ์ด
07:27
using 'for' and the gerund. This formulation worksย  in many languages, but it doesn't in English. So,ย ย 
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'for'์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ,ย ย  '
07:35
don't say: I'm sitting in the sun for getting aย  suntan. That doesn't sound right. You need to useย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‡๋น› ์•„๋ž˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
'to get'. I'm sitting in the sun to get a suntan,ย  or in order to, etc. the other ones that we sawย ย 
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'์–ป๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ–‡๋น› ์•„๋ž˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:50
together. You can only use 'for' if there's a realย  noun not the gerund after 'for'. So, you can say,ย ย 
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. 'for' ๋’ค์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ 'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์„œ
07:59
like we have seen: I'm sitting in the sun forย  the purpose of getting a suntan. For the sakeย ย 
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๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ '๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‡๋น› ์†์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:07
of speed, let's drop phase 2. Or: He's in Berlinย  for the exhibition. So these are real nouns;ย ย 
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์‹œํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
they're not the gerund form. But, you cannotย  say: He's in Berlin for attending the exhibition.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์‹œํšŒ ์ฐธ์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์— ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
You have to use 'to attend': He's in Berlin toย  attend or in order to attend the exhibition. So,ย ย 
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'์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ „์‹œํšŒ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
08:31
that we've looked at. Let's look at common mistakeย  number 2, and that's when we have a negativeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ 2๋ฒˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋ถ€์ • ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:38
verb in the subordinate clause, and the commonย  mistakes you need to avoid are saying things like:ย ย 
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. ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
I'm sitting in the shade to don't get sunburnt.ย  Or: I'm sitting in the shade to not get sunburnt.ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” : ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
When the subordinate clause is negative, you canย  only use 'in order' and 'so as'. So: I'm sittingย ย 
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'in order'์™€ 'so as'๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
09:02
in the shade in order not to get sunburnt. Or: I'mย  sitting in the shade so as not to get sunburnt.ย ย 
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋˜๋Š”: ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Now, some native speakers switch the 'to' andย  'not' with the expression 'in order'. They may,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ 'in order'๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ 'to'์™€ 'not'์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„,
09:20
you may hear: I'm sitting in the shade in order toย  not get sunburnt. It's rather common in Americanย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ '๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ข€ ํ”ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„
09:27
English, but personally, I would avoid it. Stickย  to 'in order not to', 'so as not to'. Stillย ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด', 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด'๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ
09:36
staying with the negative verbs, we've just lookedย  at my note 2: If you have the structures: so,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ • ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  2๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด: so,
09:44
so that, and in order that, when it's positive,ย  use the modal verb 'can' or 'could' in the past,ย ย 
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so that, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'can' ๋˜๋Š” 'could'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
09:51
but not in the negative. So: I'm sitting in theย  sun so I can get a suntan. But: I'm sitting inย ย 
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์ด์ง€๋งŒย ย  ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ: ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–‡๋ณ• ์•„๋ž˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ: ์ €๋Š”
09:59
the shade so I won't get sunburnt, not: so Iย  can't. And in the past: Yesterday I sat in theย ย 
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š”: ์–ด์ œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ์•‰์•˜๊ธฐ
10:07
Sun so I could get a suntan: positive. But, ifย  you make it negative, change 'could' to 'would':ย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ ํƒ ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด 'could'๋ฅผ 'would'๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์„ธ์š”.
10:15
wouldn't: Yesterday, I sat in the shadeย  so I wouldn't get sunburnt. And the finalย ย 
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would not: ์–ด์ œ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š˜์— ์•‰์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:24
common mistake to be aware of and to avoid is notย  using the gerund after compound prepositions. So,ย ย 
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์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
10:32
avoid saying: They had amended the law 'with aย  view to protect'. It's 'with a view to protecting'ย ย 
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'๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ' ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
10:39
because 'to' here is a preposition. And don't say:ย  They're retraining the staff 'with the intentionย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'to'๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'with a view to protection'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋„'๋กœ ์ง์›์„ ์žฌ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”
10:46
of increase'. 'of' is a preposition, so 'withย  the intention of increasing' productivity. Okay,ย ย 
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. 'of'๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„๋กœ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ 
10:56
that's it for this lesson on linking words ofย  purpose. I hope it's given you a quick review andย ย 
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์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
11:04
also made you aware of the common mistakes and howย  to avoid them. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์™€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
For more on this topic, click here. Rememberย  to also check out my complete online course,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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