Word order - Who (Whom) & What Questions | English Grammar Lesson | B1-Intermediate

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2024-11-01 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Word order - Who (Whom) & What Questions | English Grammar Lesson | B1-Intermediate

1,579 views ใƒป 2024-11-01

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
[Music]
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[์Œ์•…]
00:05
Hello and welcome everyone to this session,ย  which is based on a question I have receivedย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์„ธ์…˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ์…˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐ›์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:13
from Simin. Let me share my screen so you can seeย  what question she has asked me. As you can see,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‚ด ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
00:22
she says: Why do we say: Who did you see? but Whoย  saw you? Why don't we say: Who did see you? Whyย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ : ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”: ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ดค๋‚˜์š”? ์™œ
00:32
has the word 'did' - the auxiliary - disappeared?ย  To answer the question, to decide if we need 'did'ย ย 
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'ํ–ˆ๋Š๋ƒ'(๋ณด์กฐ์ž)๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‚˜์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ
00:40
or not, we have to look at which part of theย  sentence the question is about. 'who' is askingย ย 
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์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€'๋Š”
00:48
about what part of the sentence: Is it the subjectย  or the object? Okay, let's have a look at what isย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ž,
00:57
the subject of a sentence, what is the objectย  of a sentence. The subject of a sentence doesย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€, ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”
01:05
the action, does the verb. The object receivesย  the action, receives the action of the verb. So,ย ย 
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๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:14
a very simple sentence like: Jenny saw Simon. Ifย  we ask the question about Jenny, who is the doer,ย ย 
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Jenny saw Simon๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„์ž์ธ ์ œ๋‹ˆ,
01:25
the actor, Jenny did the seeing, the questionย  will be different. Let's look at the questionย ย 
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๋ณด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ, ์ œ๋‹ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์…˜์„
01:33
about the object, Simon, the part that receivesย  the action. If we ask the question about Simon,ย ย 
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๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ Simon์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Simon์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋„์›€๋ง ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ
01:43
then we need a normal question form with theย  right help verb. Because our verb is 'saw',ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 'saw'
01:50
so it's the past simple tense, we need the helpย  verb 'did': Who did Jenny see? The answer is:ย ย 
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœย ย  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์›€๋ง ๋™์‚ฌ 'did'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Who did Jenny see? ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
Simon. But, if we ask a question about Jenny,ย  the subject, we do not need a question formย ย 
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.ย ย  ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ์ธ Jenny์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์–‘์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:07
anymore. The word 'who', the question word 'who'ย  directly replaces the subject: Jenny saw Simon.ย ย 
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. 'who'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด, ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด 'who'๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jenny saw Simon.
02:17
Remove 'Jenny' and put in 'Who': Who saw Simon?ย  And the answer is: Jenny. So, that's why sometimesย ย 
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'Jenny'๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  'Who'๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Simon์„ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๋‹ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
02:26
with 'who' questions, we see an auxiliary verb andย  sometimes we don't. It's about what are we askingย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ' ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:34
about. Are we asking about the subject, the doerย  or the object, the receiver of the action? Now,ย ย 
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. ์ฃผ์ฒด, ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด, ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด์ œ,
02:45
the subject and the object of a sentence canย  be a person like we just saw: Jenny and Simon,ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณธ Jenny์™€ Simon๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
but they can also be a thing, for exampleย  in the sentence: The ball broke the window.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” The ball broken the window๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
The ball is the subject, the thing that's doingย  the breaking, and the window is the object, that'sย ย 
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๊ณต์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ด๊ณ , ๊นจ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  , ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:10
what's something is happening to the window, it'sย  receiving the action. The same rule applies. Ifย ย 
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์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
you're asking about the object, the window:ย  normal question with the auxiliary. 'broke'ย ย 
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๊ฐœ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฐฝ: ๋ณด์กฐ์›๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'broke'๋Š”
03:26
is past simple, we need again the auxiliary 'did':ย  What did the ball break? It broke the window. But,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด์กฐ 'did'๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ด ๊นจ์กŒ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:35
if you ask about the subject, the ball, thenย  there is no question form, there is no auxiliary:ย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ์ธ ๊ณต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ˜•์‹๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ณด์กฐ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
The ball broke the window. 'What' replaces 'Theย  ball': What broke the window? And, the answer is:ย ย 
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๊ณต์ด ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๊ณต'์„ '๋ฌด์—‡'์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด : ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:52
The ball. Okay so, that's just how the languageย  has developed. There is no logical reason for it.ย ย 
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.ย ย  ๊ณต. ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
We just have to be able to distinguish betweenย  subject and object of a sentence, which I thinkย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”
04:06
is now clear for you. But, there is a little thingย  to remember. The examples we had: Jenny saw Simon,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์˜ˆ: Jenny saw Simon,
04:16
and The ball broke the window, in these sentences,ย  Simon and the window are direct objects. Sometimesย ย 
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๋ฐ The ball broken the window. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ Simon๊ณผ window๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
04:27
a sentence has an indirect object, and as youย  know, an indirect object is an object that comesย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„์‹œ ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:36
after a preposition. We have a preposition in theย  sentence, for example: Jenny spoke to Simon. Here,ย ย 
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. ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Jenny๊ฐ€ Simon์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
04:46
'Simon' is an indirect object because it has theย  word 'to', the preposition 'to' before it. So,ย ย 
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'Simon'์€ ์•ž์— ๋‹จ์–ด 'to'์™€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'to'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:54
how do we formulate our question now? Thereย  are two question that come up when we have anย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ„์ ‘๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
indirect object. The first question is: Shouldย  we use a different question word, like 'whom'. Iย ย 
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. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
think you have this idea that 'who' is directย  and 'whom' is indirect. So, first question:ย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ์ ์ด๊ณ  '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ:
05:17
Should we use 'whom' to ask the question? Andย  the second question that comes up is: Whereย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€:
05:25
should we put the preposition? What happens to theย  preposition of this indirect object? Now, we haveย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ด์ œ
05:33
three options to formulate a question for thisย  kind of sentence. Let's look at the three options.ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
We can say, we can start with the preposition, andย  say: To whom - preposition and the word 'whom',ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. To ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ - ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ',
05:49
the question word 'whom' - To whom did Jennyย  speak? That's one option. Another option is toย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์–ด '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ' - Jenny๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ต์…˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์€
05:56
keep the word 'whom', use the question wordย  'whom', but put the preposition at the end,ย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ
06:03
like: Whom did Jenny speak to? And, there's aย  third option: Forget 'whom' completely. Justย ย 
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๊ฐ™์ด Jenny๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
06:10
use 'who' - like we did with a direct object: Whoย  did Jenny speak to? Preposition at the end. Now,ย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ: Jenny๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ. ์ด์ œ,
06:20
maybe you can think about it a little bit. Whichย  one sounds the best to you? We will see. Actually,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค,
06:28
all three are correct, but they give differentย  feelings; they have different usages. Let'sย ย 
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
look at that the first one: To whom did Jennyย  speak? is very very formal and old-fashioned,ย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jenny๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์‹์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:43
so I have put that in brackets, saying it'sย  correct, it's not wrong, but it's very uncommon.ย ย 
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๊ด„ํ˜ธ ์•ˆ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ ๋งž๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
I personally wouldn't use this formulationย  of this question. Number 2 is: We use 'whom',ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” 'whom'์ด
06:59
not 'who' but 'whom', but put the preposition atย  the end: Whom did Jenny speak to? You may hearย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'whom'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jenny did talk to?
07:07
this in American English, not always, but someย  American speakers use 'whom' like this, but never,ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” 'who'๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:16
not, in British English. In British English, it'sย  always the third option: 'who'. We tend to avoidย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ต์…˜์ธ 'who'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:25
'whom', just use 'who' and put the prepositionย  at the end. So, that's the most common in Britishย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํžˆ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ณ 
07:33
English, and also used in American English. Youย  can hear both 2 and 3 among American speakers. So:ย ย 
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, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” 2์™€ 3์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ:
07:42
Who did Jenny speak to? That's the one I wouldย  recommend you use. Actually, the only time, inย ย 
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Jenny๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ํ†ตํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
07:53
British English, that you hear the word 'whom' isย  in short questions, like if you just say: To whom?ย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. To ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ?
08:01
And then, you must use the 'whom' word. You can'tย  say: To who? But, 'whom' is so uncommon in Britishย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” 'whom'์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ
08:09
English that British speakers very often actuallyย  move the preposition to the end, even with shortย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
questions. So instead of saying: To whom? -ย  which still sounds very formal -they just say:ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ : ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ? - ์•„์ง๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
Who to? That's the most common way of formulatingย  even short questions in British English. The onlyย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ? ์ด๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
time in British English you see the word 'whom'ย  is in the formal phrase: 'To whom it may concern'.ย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์ธ 'To ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€'์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
That's when you write a letter, for example, toย  just anybody. This letter can be taken to whoeverย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ์„œ์‹ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
08:50
needs to see it, and then, you will see this form:ย  To whom it may concern. So that is about 'who' andย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ์–‘์‹์ด ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'์™€
08:59
'whom'. I hope that's clear now. Let's come backย  to 'what' obviously, when the indirect object isย ย 
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๋ฌด์—‡'์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:06
a thing. The only question word is 'what'. [It]ย  doesn't matter if it's direct or indirect. But, weย ย 
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. ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๋ฌด์—‡'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [It] ์ง์ ‘์ ์ด๋“  ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ด๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:15
still have to look at the place of the prepositionย  with the word, with the question word 'what'. So,ย ย 
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์–ด, ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ 'what'์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
09:22
let's have an example here: Jenny knocked onย  the window. So here, 'the window' is an indirectย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jenny๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'the window'๋Š”
09:30
object with the preposition 'on'. So let'sย  see what sounds better to you. Should we say:ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ 'on'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
09:37
On what did Jenny knock? or What did Jenny knockย  on? Maybe you just, sometimes you have to go byย ย 
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Jenny๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ๋˜๋Š” Jenny๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š” ? ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š”
09:45
your ear: What sounds better? Right again, inย  British English, definitely it's: What did Jennyย ย 
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๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jenny๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„
09:54
knock on? It's very uncommon in British Englishย  to start with a preposition, to start a questionย ย 
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๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„
10:02
with a preposition. And I think even in Americanย  English, this would be strange. The most commonย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋„ ์ด๊ฑด ์ด์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
10:10
question would be: What did Jenny knock on? So,ย  keep your preposition to the end. Again the onlyย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ '์ œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”?'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
10:16
time we would hear it at the beginning is in theย  short question - the proposition at the beginningย ย 
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๋Š”
10:22
is in short questions: On what? Then it's okayย  there. And I just thought that I mention that theย ย 
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์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. On what? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:30
same applies to questions with 'which'. 'which'ย  and 'what' are very similar. 'what' is open,ย ย 
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'which'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ' which' ์™€ 'what'์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'what'์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜•์ด๊ณ 
10:37
global, and 'which' you have to say 'whichย  what', follows - is followed by a noun. So,ย ย 
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์ „์—ญ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ' which'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ' which what' ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
10:43
even if you use 'which': Which window did Jennyย  knock on? Preposition at the end, or 'Whichย ย 
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'which'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„: Jenny๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”? ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” '
10:51
company does Jenny work for? 'for' at the end.ย  Okay, that's the end of the presentation on thisย ย 
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์ œ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋์—๋Š” 'for'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:00
topic. I hope it has clarified a little bit how toย  formulate questions with 'who', 'what', 'which',ย ย 
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. '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ', '๋ฌด์—‡', '์–ด๋Š'๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ณต์‹ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
11:09
and occasionally if you want to speak Americanย  English 'whom' correctly. I hope you've enjoyedย ย 
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๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
this lesson. For more on this topic, click here.ย  Remember to also check out my complete onlineย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ย ย ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ 
11:22
course, and don't forget to like and subscribe.ย  Thank you for watching, and happy studies!
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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