Modal Verbs | Must Should (Have to) | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

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2024-08-16 ใƒป Anglo-Link


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Modal Verbs | Must Should (Have to) | English Grammar Lesson | B2-Upper Intermediate

2,042 views ใƒป 2024-08-16

Anglo-Link


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:04
[Music]
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00:04
Hello and welcome everyone to this lesson whichย  is based on a question that Elke asked me,ย ย 
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[์Œ์•…]
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. Elke๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
and so let's see what the question is. Elke hasย  asked: 'Is 'must not' the opposite of 'must'?ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Elke๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ''ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:19
Surprisingly, the answer is no! The modal verbย  'must' has two main functions, and in both cases,ย ย 
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๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'must'์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘
00:27
'must not' is not the opposite. So, let's seeย  what these two functions are, and how we expressย ย 
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'must not'์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
00:34
their opposites. So, let's start with the mostย  common function of the modal verb 'must', whichย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'must'์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ
00:42
is 'necessity'. So, to express a necessity to doย  something or not to do something, we use 'must',ย ย 
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'necessity'๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
00:52
and 'must' works both for the present tenseย  and for the future tense. So, let's look atย ย 
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'must'๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ
00:58
the examples: I feel exhausted. I must have aย  break now. It is necessary that I have a breakย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ณค์–ด์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํœด์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”
01:05
now. The fridge is empty. We must go groceryย  shopping tomorrow. This is used for the future.ย ย 
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. ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ํ…… ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ด์š” . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
The verb is still 'must', and it's absolutelyย  necessary to do the shopping tomorrow. But also,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ 'must'์ด๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ
01:21
if you want to express a necessity not to doย  something, we stay with 'must'. So, you could say:ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I feel exhausted. I must not continue working.ย  Or: The fridge is empty. We must not forget toย ย 
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์ง€์ณค์–ด์š”. ๊ณ„์† ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. ๋˜๋Š”: ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
order groceries tomorrow. So, 'must' for aย  necessity to do or not to do something. So,ย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'must'๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:45
what is the opposite then? If 'must not' is notย  the opposite, what is the opposite? How do weย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? 'ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:52
express that something is not necessary? So, toย  remove a necessity, we use 'not have to' or 'notย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '~ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ' ๋˜๋Š” '~ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
need to'. We have two options here, for example:ย  I feel fine. I don't have to have a break now.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‰ด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:09
It's not necessary. Or: I don't need to have aย  break now. And the other example: There's enoughย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”: ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ:
02:16
food in the fridge. We don't have to or we don'tย  need to go grocery shopping tomorrow. Right, soย ย 
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ์Œ์‹์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ,
02:25
usually after we understand this, that 'must' is aย  necessity, negative or positive, and to remove it,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '~ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๋“  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋“  ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
02:33
we have to use 'don't have to' or 'don't needย  to', another question comes up which is: So,ย ย 
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'~ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '~ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค '๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ•„์š”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ '
02:40
can we use 'have to' instead of 'must' alsoย  in the positive form for necessity? Now,ย ย 
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must' ๋Œ€์‹  'have to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์ด์ œ
02:47
strictly speaking, grammatically speaking, 'must'ย  expresses a specific necessity felt by the speakerย ย 
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์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ํ™”์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š”
02:55
whereas 'have to' expresses an external obligationย  or rule. But, in spoken English, this is the goodย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด ๋‚˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€
03:04
news, in spoken English, 'must', 'have to', andย  'need to' are often used interchangeably in theย ย 
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์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” 'must', 'have to', 'need to'๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
positive sense. So, the best word to have used forย  the example 'the fridge is empty' is 'we must goย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '
03:22
grocery shopping tomorrow' because it's a specificย  necessity for the speaker of this sentence. It'sย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํ™”์ž์—๊ฒŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
not an obligation or a rule, right? But, inย  spoken English, you can hear any of these verbs:ย ย 
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์˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
03:36
'we must go', 'we will have to go', 'we willย  need to go'. Now, let's take another exampleย ย 
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'we must go', 'we will have to go', 'we will need to go'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
03:43
where we have an external rule, where we shouldย  really use 'have to' or 'need to'. For example:ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
03:50
During take-off and landing, you have to /ย  you need to fasten your seat belt. But again,ย ย 
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์ด์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
03:57
because it's a positive idea, we can use 'must'ย  as well. So, that's good news. You don't haveย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'must'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๊ตฐ์š”. '
04:03
to worry too much about 'Is it an externalย  obligation? Is it a rule? If it's a necessity,ย ย 
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์น™์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:10
whether it comes from you or from outside, youย  can use any of these three forms. So, that's theย ย 
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๋ณธ์ธ์ด๋“  ์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋“  ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–‘์‹ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
good news. The next question that usually comes upย  is: 'Okay. So we said 'must' can only be used forย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋„ค์š”. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์€ '์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 'must'๋Š”
04:28
the present and future tenses. How do we express aย  necessity in the past? So remember that we had twoย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‚˜์š” ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
04:37
types: a positive necessity to do somethingย  or negative. For the positive, it's easy,ย ย 
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. ์ฆ‰, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
right? 'must' has no past form. So, we use theย  synonyms 'have to' and 'need to'. So, we say:ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? 'must'๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'์™€ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
I felt exhausted. I had to have a break. I neededย  to have a break. Or: The fridge was empty. We hadย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํœด์‹์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํœด์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” . ๋˜๋Š”: ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:02
to go grocery shopping the following day. Or: Weย  needed to go grocery shopping the following day.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์„ ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
So, that's straightforward. But, how do we nowย  put a negative, the 'must not' necessity, intoย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ, 'ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š”' ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
05:17
the past? Well actually, there isn't a specificย  verb or expression that we can use for a negativeย ย 
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? ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:24
necessity in the past. We just have to describeย  the situation. We have to change our sentence.ย ย 
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. ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
For example, if in the present, we had: I'mย  exhausted. I must not continue working. Expressingย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์† ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
05:39
a personal necessity not to do something. Forย  the past, we have to use 'had to'. It's only,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” 'had to'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€
05:46
the only thing that expresses a necessity, and weย  have to change our verb: I must not continue. So:ย ย 
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ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I must not continue. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ:
05:53
I had to stop. Right? We make the actual the mainย  verb the opposite. If it's a rule, an obligation,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™, ์˜๋ฌด,
06:03
excuse me, an external rule, for example,ย  a parent has said to someone: You must notย ย 
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์‹ค๋ก€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์น™์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
speak to strangers. To put this into the past, weย  just have to describe the situation. It's a lackย ย 
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๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถŒํ•œ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:15
of permission: 'you must not'. So, we can say: Weย  were not allowed to speak to strangers. Right. So,ย ย 
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. 'ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
06:24
I think that's it for, yes, for necessity. Let'sย  look at the second function of 'must', which isย ย 
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๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ, ๋„ค, ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. 'must'์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ธ
06:34
'assumption'. What is important to remember isย  that this assumption you have has to be based onย ย 
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'๊ฐ€์ •'์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
evidence, for example .. And then we use 'must' toย  assume that something is true based on evidence.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด .. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
For example: John's passport is not here, so heย  must be abroad. The only thing we can deduce,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ: John์˜ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๋ก , ๊ฒฐ๋ก , ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:59
conclude, assume, is that he is abroad withย  his passport. Or: Jill's car is not outside.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•ด์™ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š”: Jill์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
She must have gone shopping. So again, we think:ย  Okay, so if the positive assumption is 'must',ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‚˜ ๋ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด '๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ'๋ผ๋ฉด
07:17
a negative one, that something is not true, shouldย  be 'must not'. But, it isn't. In order to expressย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •, ์ฆ‰ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์€ 'ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ
07:26
that something is not true, not possibleย  based on evidence, we have to use the modalย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
07:32
verbs 'cannot' and 'could not'. So, if we now haveย  the opposite situation: John's passport is here,ย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ 'cannot'๊ณผ 'could not'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด John์˜ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:41
so it cannot be true that he's abroad. It's notย  possible: He cannot or could not be abroad. Or,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์™ธ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
07:49
the other example, which was in the past: Jill'sย  car is outside, so it cannot be true that she hasย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ: Jill์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:57
gone shopping: She cannot / could not have goneย  shopping. Right so let's, just before we end this,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค / ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— '๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ', 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค
08:10
that's the end of 'must', 'have to' situation andย  assumption, but often I also get the question:ย ย 
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' ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์ข… ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
08:17
'Is there a difference between 'must'ย  and 'should'. I hear, occasionally,ย ย 
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ' ์™€ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค' ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ฐ€๋”
08:22
my students using them interchangeably . It's bestย  to avoid that. They don't give the same idea. Youย ย 
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
need to use 'should' to give advice, and adviceย  is not expressing a necessity or obligation. So,ย ย 
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ,
08:38
let's compare the feeling of these two sentences.ย  if I say ... Our first example was: I feelย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด... ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
08:45
exhausted. I must have a break now. 'must' was theย  best choice, and we said you can also use 'haveย ย 
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์ง€์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. 'must'๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , 'have
08:51
to' or 'need to'. This is strong. When you say 'Iย  must have a break.' or 'I have to have a break.'ย ย 
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to'๋‚˜ 'need to'๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. '๋‚˜ ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ. ๋˜๋Š” '๋‚˜ ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด.'
08:58
It means that if I don't, something negative mayย  happen. There might be a negative consequence,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:05
like I might get a really bad headache. Iย  must stop. Right? It's not negotiable. But,ย ย 
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๋‘ํ†ต์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
09:11
if you now just say: Oh I feel exhausted. I shouldย  have a break. That does not have that idea at all.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„, ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด์š”. ์ข€ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ย ย  ๊ผญ
09:18
It doesn't mean it's necessary. It's just a goodย  idea maybe to have a break, but oh well, okay,ย ย 
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ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„ ๋ญ, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
I can also continue working. So, make sure thatย  you remember this difference and use it correctly.ย ย 
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๊ณ„์† ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
Otherwise, your listener will get a different ideaย  from you. Another example would be, for exampleย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
09:38
for the external obligation or rule, our exampleย  was: During take-off and landing, ... 'you haveย ย 
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅ™ ๋ฐ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ ์ค‘์— ... '๋‹น์‹ ์€
09:46
to' was the best choice: external obligation.ย  Also possible to say: You must fasten yourย ย 
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~ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์˜๋ฌด.ย  ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
seat belt. Don't say 'should' because that justย  implies that there's no rule: do it if you like,ย ย 
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์•ˆ์ „๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:00
but it's advisable. I just wanted to make sureย  that the difference, the feeling difference,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถŒ์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ '
10:05
tone difference, between 'must' and 'should' isย  clear. It's also different for the second useย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'์™€ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค' ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ๋Š๋‚Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด, ํ†ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'must'๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:13
of 'must'. For example, we saw that 'must' is forย  evidence-based assumption. So, you have evidence,ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ'๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ท€ํ•˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:22
you have a piece of evidence, that tells you thisย  must be true or not true. 'should' expresses yourย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'should'๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:30
expectation. It doesn't ... It's not based onย  a piece of evidence. So, for example, we hadย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
10:36
the example: Jill's car is not outside. She mustย  have gone shopping. That is an assumption. But,ย ย 
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Jill์˜ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ”๋‚˜ ๋ด์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
10:44
if you think, okay, so now she's been out forย  two hours, she should be back soon. That's whatย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด, ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณง ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
10:52
you expect to happen. Don't say: She must beย  back soon. Here, ,should, is the only word thatย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณง ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ,should๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ
10:59
works. And someone may say: Oh, but she's beenย  gone for a couple of hours, so I expect her toย ย 
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์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„, ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„์› ์œผ๋‹ˆ
11:06
have come back by now. Again the word to use hereย  is 'should' not 'must': She should have been backย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค์—๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ๋Œ์•„์™”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:14
by now. That's what I expect to have happened.ย  So lots of information! You may need, again likeย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์•„์š”!
11:21
every time with modal verbs, to review this andย  or use the summary that I will share with you.ย ย 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ์š”์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
Let's do a quick summary here to end.ย  So, to express necessity or obligation,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์š”์•ฝ์„ ๋๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:37
the difference is minimal and negligible,ย  necessity/obligation to do something positive:ย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ/์˜๋ฌด:
11:46
must, have to, need to. Necessity or obligationย  not to do something: only 'must' works: must not,ย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด: 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค'๋งŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
in the negative. To remove the necessity,ย  no necessity to do something only 'haveย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด '
12:02
to' and 'need to' work in the negative: notย  have to, not need to. Coming to assumption:ย ย 
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ'๊ณผ 'ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ผ'์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ:
12:09
Assuming that something is true: 'must',ย  but assuming that something is not true,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด: 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค', ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด,
12:17
'must' doesn't work: it's 'cannot' and 'couldย  not'. And, the difference with 'should':ย ย 
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'๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ'๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ'๊ณผ 'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'should'์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
'should' is advice to do or not to do something:ย  should, should not. And, it's also to expressย ย 
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'should'๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด
12:30
your own expectation of things happening or havingย  happened: should or should not. Right so, that'sย ย 
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์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€( ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ)๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฐ์š”.
12:39
the end of this lesson. I hope it has clarifiedย  the difference between 'must' and 'have to' andย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'must'์™€ 'have to'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ๊ณผ
12:44
how to use 'must' correctly in your everydayย  exchanges. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.ย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ 'must'๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์› ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ œ ์ „์ฒด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ๋„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ณ ,
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์ข‹์•„์š”์™€ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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