Advanced English Grammar: Collective Nouns

413,138 views ・ 2014-02-01

Adam’s English Lessons


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:02
Hi, welcome again to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. I have another great lesson for you today
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, www.engvid.com에 λ‹€μ‹œ μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” μ•„λ‹΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였늘 μš”μ²­μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ κ°•μ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:07
based on a request... a few requests actually from our www.engvid.com site. Today we're
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. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ www.engvid.com μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ 받은 λͺ‡ 가지 μš”μ²­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜€λŠ˜μ€
00:12
going to look at collective nouns. An example of a collective noun: "staff",
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집합λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 집합 λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ 예: "staff",
00:17
"police", "audience", "family". These are nouns that might include individual members
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"police", "audience", "family". 이듀은 κ°œλ³„ ꡬ성원을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:25
or be looked at as a whole unit. Okay? So: "staff" means the total group of employees
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전체 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? λ”°λΌμ„œ "직원"은 전체 직원 그룹을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
00:33
or it could mean each individual employee. So, now you're thinking: "Okay, well, good.
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κ°œλ³„ 직원을 μ˜λ―Έν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ "μ’‹μ•„μš”, μ’‹μ•„μš”.
00:39
What's the problem?" The problem is: what verb do you use with these nouns? Do you use
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 뭐죠?"라고 생각할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 이 λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ–΄λ–€ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ”κ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
a singular verb or do you use a plural verb? Okay?
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λ‹¨μˆ˜ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 볡수 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ’‹μ•„μš”?
00:49
So, for example: do you say: "The staff was invited to the BBQ." or do
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ " 직원이 BBQ에 μ΄ˆλŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ˜λŠ”
00:54
you say: "The staff were invited to the BBQ."? I'm afraid I have to tell you there's actually
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"직원이 BBQ에 μ΄ˆλŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
01:00
no rule that decides this. What decides this is you. What do you want to say? What is your
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이것을 κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 말해야 ν•  것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것을 κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것은 λ‹Ήμ‹ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ€κ²Œ λ­‘λ‹ˆκΉŒ? λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μ˜λ„λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ
01:07
intention? Do you want to talk about the individuals or do you want to talk about the group?
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? κ°œμΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 그룹에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:14
So, for example, look at this sentence: "My staff consists of young and old alike."
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ³΄μ„Έμš” .
01:21
"Alike" is basically like "both", both young and old. Now, why am I using the singular?
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"Alike"λŠ” 기본적으둜 "both"와 κ°™μœΌλ©° μ Šμ€μ΄μ™€ 노인 λͺ¨λ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 λ‹¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” λ¬΄μ—‡μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:26
Because here, I'm talking about my entire staff, my whole collection of employees. Right?
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” 전체 직원, 전체 직원 μ»¬λ ‰μ…˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였λ₯Έμͺ½?
01:33
So I'm probably going to use the singular because I'm talking about the one unit.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆλ„ λ‹¨μˆ˜ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ œκ°€ ν•œ λ‹¨μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
Here, I could say both; I could say: "My staff", my entire unit of employees or I could talk
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” λ‘˜ λ‹€ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‚΄ 직원", 전체 직원 λ‹¨μœ„ λ˜λŠ” λ‚˜λ₯Ό
01:44
about all the individual people who work for me were invited to the BBQ. So, again, it's
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μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  개인이 BBQ에 μ΄ˆλŒ€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ, λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 그것은
01:51
more about what you want to intend... What you want to say, what you intend. Sorry, you
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당신이 μ˜λ„ν•˜κ³  싢은 것이 무엇인지에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€... 당신이 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것, 당신이 μ˜λ„ν•˜λŠ” 것. μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
don't want to intend anything. Okay? Here's another example:
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아무 것도 μ˜λ„ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
"My family are going to be citizens soon." "My family was invited to a wedding."
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"우리 가쑱은 곧 μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€." "우리 가쑱이 κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ— μ΄ˆλŒ€λ°›μ•˜μ–΄μš”."
02:08
I have a plural, I have the singular; it depends what you want to say. "My family" - means
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λ‚˜λŠ” λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•λ„ 있고 λ‹¨μˆ˜ν˜•λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 당신이 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것에 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ‚΄ κ°€μ‘±" -
02:12
all the members of my family - "are going to be citizens soon." It makes a bit more
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λ‚΄ κ°€μ‘±μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ꡬ성원을 의미 - "곧 μ‹œλ―Όμ΄ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:18
sense when you also have the plural here, "are" and "citizens". It sounds a little bit
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여기에 λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μΈ "are"와 "citizens"κ°€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 쑰금 더 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰금
02:23
more natural. "My family was invited to the wedding." The Smiths, we... My family is the
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더 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ“€λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. "우리 가쑱이 κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ— μ΄ˆλŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ ." The Smiths, μš°λ¦¬λŠ”... 우리 가쑱은
02:29
Smiths, so when the invitation came, the Smiths are cordially invited to attend the wedding
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Smiths 가쑱이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ΄ˆλŒ€μž₯이 왔을 λ•Œ SmithsλŠ”
02:36
of Jack and Jill who last week went up the hill. I'm not sure if you know this little
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μ§€λ‚œ 주에 언덕을 μ˜¬λΌκ°„ Jackκ³Ό Jill의 κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ— μ°Έμ„ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ •μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄ˆλŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 짧은 μ‹œλ₯Ό 아싀지 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:42
poem. Anyway, so the same thing goes for "police",
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. μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  "κ²½μ°°",
02:45
"audience", "couple", "faculty". Lots of collective nouns. Depends what you want to say. Now,
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"관객", "μ»€ν”Œ", "ꡐ직원"도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ 집합 λͺ…사. 당신이 λ§ν•˜κ³  싢은 것에 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 자,
02:52
usually... And keep in mind: this is also difficult for native English speakers to decide
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일반적으둜... 그리고 λͺ…μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”: 이것은 λ˜ν•œ μ˜μ–΄ 원어민이 μ–΄λŠ 것을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:58
which one. Keep in mind that usually in the U.S. and Canada, most people will automatically
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. 일반적으둜 λ―Έκ΅­ κ³Ό μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 상황에 따라
03:04
choose the singular: "The staff is", "The police is", again, depending on the situation.
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"The staff is", "The police is"와 같은 λ‹¨μˆ˜ν˜•μ„ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ μ„ νƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
In the U.K., they will naturally or usually go for the plural: "The staff are", "The police
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 일반적으둜 "The staff are", "The police
03:18
are". Now, again, let's look at: "police". I'll
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are"와 같은 λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이제 λ‹€μ‹œ "κ²½μ°°"을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
give you two examples. Somebody was bothering my neighbour. Okay? And like they were like
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두 가지 예λ₯Ό λ“€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆ„κ΅°κ°€ λ‚΄ 이웃을 괴둭히고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? 그리고 마치
03:28
making noise. My neighbour asked the person to leave. The person wouldn't leave, so she
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μ†ŒμŒμ„ λ‚΄λŠ” 것 κ°™μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄ 이웃은 κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ λ– λ‚˜λΌκ³  μš”μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λ– λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  ν•΄μ„œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ”
03:32
called the police. They - the police - they came and removed this person. But, I have
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경찰에 μ‹ κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그듀은-κ²½μ°°-그듀이 μ™€μ„œμ΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ œκ±°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:41
to be very careful driving these days because the police is cracking down on texters; people
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μš”μ¦˜μ€ 경찰이 문자 λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ‹¨μ†ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš΄μ „μ„ 맀우 쑰심해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:49
who drive and text. I don't do that, but I've seen them around. Right?
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μš΄μ „ν•˜κ³  문자λ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€. μ €λŠ” μ•ˆ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ 많이 λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였λ₯Έμͺ½?
03:53
So this... You have to be careful which meaning you want to use. Sometimes it'll be very natural,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것은... μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  싢은지 μ£Όμ˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:58
like I would only use the singular here because I'm talking about the whole unit. Here, both
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전체 λ‹¨μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” λ‹¨μˆ˜λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 맀우 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μšΈ λ•Œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°, λ‘˜ λ‹€
04:04
okay. Do you want to talk about the individuals? Do you want to talk about the group, the whole
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μ’‹μ•„. κ°œμΈμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ? κ·Έλ£Ή 전체에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
04:09
group? Now, if you want to be specific, if you very
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? 이제 ꡬ체적으둜 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ κ°œμΈμ—
04:13
clearly want to show that you're talking about the individuals, add a word: "staff members",
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λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 보여주고 μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ "직원",
04:20
"family members", "police officers". If you add these words that show the individuals,
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"κ°€μ‘±", "κ²½μ°°κ΄€"μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ„Έμš”. κ°œμΈμ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•˜λ©΄
04:27
you will have absolutely no problem. If I say: "staff members", obviously the verb will
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μ „ν˜€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€ "직원"이라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ 동사가
04:32
be plural because this is now the main subject. And "staff" becomes the adjective, "family"
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λ³΅μˆ˜κ°€ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것이 이제 μ£Όμš” 주제이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 "직원"은 ν˜•μš©μ‚¬κ°€ 되고 "κ°€μ‘±"은
04:38
becomes the adjective. Okay? If I say: "police officers", "police" becomes the adjective,
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ν˜•μš©μ‚¬κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”? " κ²½μ°°κ΄€"이라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ "κ²½μ°°"은 ν˜•μš©μ‚¬κ°€ 되고
04:45
this is my subject, and I'm going to use a plural verb. If I want to say one person,
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이것은 제 μ£Όμ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ €λŠ” 볡수 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ,
04:50
one police officer, then of course I'm going to be talking... using the singular. Okay?
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ν•œ 경찰관을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άλ‹€λ©΄ λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λ‹¨μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ’‹μ•„μš”?
04:56
So, again, very straightforward. Whatever you intend to do, that's what will help you
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 무엇을 ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λ“  그것이
05:00
choose the verb. But if you're not sure, go to: www.engvid.com. There's a quiz there where
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동사λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 경우 www.engvid.com으둜 μ΄λ™ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€ .
05:05
you can get a little bit more practice. And, of course, visit my YouTube site, subscribe
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쑰금 더 μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν€΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  λ‚΄ YouTube μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜κ³ 
05:10
if you like. And I'll see you again real soon.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 경우 κ΅¬λ…ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. 그리고 곧 λ‹€μ‹œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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