Learn "Set" Vocabulary, Idioms, and Phrasal Verbs!

217,639 views ใƒป 2016-06-25

Adamโ€™s English Lessons


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:01
Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam. Today's lesson is about the word "set".
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ www.engvid.com ใธใ‚ˆใ†ใ“ใใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ขใƒ€ใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฏใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใคใ„ใฆใงใ™ใ€‚
00:07
Now, this word has many meanings and uses, and I was asked to make a lesson about this. And
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏๅคšใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใจไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ้ ผใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ.
00:13
I know that it's in the dictionary, you can look it up, but sometimes it's easier to just
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่พžๆ›ธใซ่ผ‰ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ™
00:17
hear the lesson, hear the explanations of the words, get some examples of how they're
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ใŒใ€ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ‚Š ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใŒใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹ๅ–ๅพ—ใ—
00:22
used, and you absorb it a little bit differently this way. So, we're going to look at the different
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ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงๅธๅŽใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นใŒ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ“ใงใ€
00:27
meanings of "set". Now, "set" can be a verb, it can be a noun, it can be an adjective.
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ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฎใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ€Œsetใ€ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใง ใ‚‚ๅ่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใงใ‚‚ๆง‹ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:32
Okay? So, we're going to look at these. And again, these are the more common uses. There
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ“ใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ˆใ‚Šไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็”จ้€”ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
are a few others that I didn't include; you can look those up if you need them.
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็งใŒๅซใ‚ใชใ‹ใฃใŸไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใซๅฟœใ˜ใฆ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
So, first: "to set". Now, the thing you have to remember about "set", this is called an
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซ๏ผšใ€Œ่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ ใ€Œsetใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ‹ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธกไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
00:47
ambitransitive verb. You don't need to know that word "ambitransitive", but it means it
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธกไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:51
can be a transitive or an intransitive, meaning it can take an object or not take an object.
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ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ‚‚ไป–ๅ‹•่ฉžใง ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šๅพ—ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:56
Okay? So, we can set something, we can place it somewhere, we can put it down. Right? So,
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€ ใฉใ“ใ‹ใซ้…็ฝฎใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ€็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€
01:02
if I'm going to... If I have a vase-a vase/vase, however you want to pronounce it; both are
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ใ‚‚ใ—็งใŒ่Šฑ็“ถใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰-่Šฑ็“ถ/่Šฑ็“ถใ€ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็™บ้Ÿณใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™; ใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‚‚
01:07
okay-full of flowers, I want to set it on the table. Okay? So, I can set it down on
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ใŠ่Šฑใ„ใฃใฑใ„ใง ใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซไธฆในใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใ
01:14
the table. Set the vase, the vase being the object. And you can... I can set the ladder,
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่Šฑ็“ถใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚่Šฑ็“ถใŒใ‚ชใƒ–ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ฏใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ... ็งใฏใฏใ—ใ”ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€
01:20
or I can set the picture over there against the wall. So, I can put it in a place or a position.
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ใพใŸใฏ็งใฏใ‚ใใ“ใฎๅฃใซ็ตตใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใ ใพใ™. ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚„ไฝ็ฝฎใซ็ฝฎใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
Sometimes it's actually used to mean "to sit".
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ๅฎŸ้š› ใซใฏใ€Œๅบงใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:31
Okay? So, please set... Set the baby or set
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„... ่ตคใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹
01:34
the child in the chair. It doesn't mean, like, plop it there, it means make the child sit
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ใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€ใใ“ใซใƒใƒƒใจ็ฝฎใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใ ใ€ๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
01:40
in the chair. It's essentially the same idea, except we use the verb "set", rather than
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅบงใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉž ใงใฏใชใใ€ใ€Œ่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’้™คใ‘ใฐใ€ๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆๆ–น
01:45
the verb "to sit". You can't say: "Please sit the child."
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๅบงใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:49
You can say: "Seat the child in the chair", it means put him in the seat.
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ใ€ŒSeat the child in the chairใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:55
Or, you could say: "Set the child in the chair",
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ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ€Œๅญไพ›ใ‚’ๆค…ๅญใซๅบงใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:59
put him there. Okay? So, that's one common use of it.
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ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ ใใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใฎ1ใคใฎไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชไฝฟ็”จๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:04
"Establish". Now, here I have "establish" and "build", they're essentially the same
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"่จญ็ซ‹"ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใซใ€Œ็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใ€Œๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซๅŒใ˜
02:08
idea, but you build something physical-okay?-and you establish something not necessarily physical,
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ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ— ใพใ™
02:15
more of an idea or a concept. So if I establish something, if I set up a fund... We often
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ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ... ็งใŸใกใฏ
02:21
use it with the preposition "up", which makes it a phrasal verb: "Set up a fund" means establish.
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ใ—ใฐใ—ใฐใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉž "up" ใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ— ใพใ™: "ใƒ•ใ‚กใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹" ใฏ็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:27
Set up a school, establish a school, or found a school, or begin a school. So, this is a
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ๅญฆๆ กใ‚’่จญ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅญฆๆ กใ‚’่จญ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅญฆๆ กใ‚’่จญ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ ใ€ใพใŸใฏๅญฆๆ กใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
02:33
very common use of the word "set", to establish something, to set it up, to begin it, to start
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ใ€Œ่จญๅฎšใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช็”จๆณ•ใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ็ซ‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้–‹ๅง‹ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€้–‹ๅง‹
02:39
it, etc. You can also set up something physical. For example, I'm going to be giving a performance,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ไฝ•ใ‹็‰ฉ็†็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไบˆๅฎš
02:46
I want a little stage, so I set up the stage; I get it ready, I get it built, every... All
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฐใ•ใชใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใŒๅฟ…่ฆใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ในใฆ
02:51
the lights, everything's in place, and then I give my presentation, performance, whatever.
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ใฎ็…งๆ˜Žใ€ใ™ในใฆใŒๆ•ดใฃใฆใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ€ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚„ใƒ‘ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒžใƒณใ‚นใชใฉใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:56
If you have... If you're going to a conference or a convention for your company, you want
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ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ... ใ‚ใชใŸใฎไผš็คพใฎไผš่ญฐใ‚„ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ™ใƒณใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใซ่กŒใใชใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใŸใ„
03:01
to... You have a little booth where you're going to present your information, you can
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ใงใ™... ๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ๆ็คบใ™ใ‚‹ๅฐใ•ใชใƒ–ใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
03:06
set up your exhibit, for example. Oops, sorry about that.
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ใ€ๅฑ•็คบใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใ€‚ ใŠใฃใจใ€็”ณใ—่จณใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:13
So, "set up your exhibit" means
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œๅฑ•็คบใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ขใƒƒใƒ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ„ใ†
03:15
you're building it, but you're also preparing it at the same time. It's the same idea.
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ใ“ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅŒๆ™‚ใซๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚‚่กŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅŒใ˜่€ƒใˆใงใ™ใ€‚
03:21
You can also "set" means to apply something to something. So, if you "set fire to the building"
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ใพใŸใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ไฝ•ใ‹ใซ้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ€Œ่จญๅฎšใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œๅปบ็‰ฉใซ็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใŒ็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ๅปบ็‰ฉใซ็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆ
03:29
means you're applying fire, you're putting the fire to the building - the building
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅปบ็‰ฉ
03:33
goes up in flames. Okay? So, you can set, apply, or you can focus.
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ใฏ็‚ŽไธŠใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ ่จญๅฎšใ€้ฉ็”จใ€ใพใŸใฏ้›†ไธญใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:39
You can "set your mind on something". And again, you notice that I'm using
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฟƒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒใ€็งใŒ
03:44
"set fire to", "set your mind on".
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ใ€Œset fire toใ€ใ€ใ€Œset your mind onใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใŠๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
03:47
A lot of the times, "set" is used as a phrasal verb, it's used with prepositions
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ๅคšใใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œsetใ€ใฏ ๅฅๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œ
03:52
and they have the different meanings. So you're kind of... You're kind of getting a double
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ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ๆŒใกใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ... ใ“ใ“ใงไบŒ้‡ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎ
03:56
lesson, here; you're getting phrasals and you're getting just the general word "set"
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฅใ‚’ๅ–ๅพ—ใ— ใฆใ„ใฆใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ˜่ชžใ€Œsetใ€
04:01
as a verb. So, "set fire to", "set off the alarm" means you... There's smoke, it applied...
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ใ‚’ๅ‹•่ฉžใจใ—ใฆๅ–ๅพ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็ซใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€ใ€ใ€Œ ่ญฆๅ ฑใ‚’้ณดใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™...็…™ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ้ฉ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ.
04:08
You apply the source, the trigger to the alarm, the alarm goes off.
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ใ‚ฝใƒผใ‚นใ‚’้ฉ็”จใ—ใ€ใƒˆใƒชใ‚ฌใƒผ ใ‚’่ญฆๅ ฑใซ้ฉ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€่ญฆๅ ฑใŒ้ณดใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:13
You "set your mind on something".
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฟƒใ‚’ๅ‘ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
04:15
"Set" can also mean sink or decline. For example, the sun sets in the west every day, or every
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ใ€Œๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ใฏๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ๆฒˆใ‚€ใชใฉใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใ€ๅคช้™ฝใฏๆฏŽๆ—ฅ่ฅฟใซๆฒˆใฟใพใ™
04:23
evening I should say. So, "set" means sink, go down. But you can also use it just to generally
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ใ€‚ๆฏŽๆ™ฉใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใฏๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ๆฒˆใ‚€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใซ่กฐ้€€ใ€ไธ‹้™ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆŒ‡ใ™ใŸใ‚ใซใฎใฟไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
04:29
refer to a decline, to going down. Now, you can actually mix the two.
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. ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ 2 ใคใ‚’ๆททๅœจใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
04:33
You can say: "The American Empire is setting." This is not as common,
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ใ€Œใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅธๅ›ฝ ใŒ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›
04:39
but you can say that. It means it's in decline; it's getting lower and lower. But you can also say:
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ†่จ€ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ่กฐ้€€ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใฉใ‚“ใฉใ‚“ไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
04:45
"The sun is setting on the American Empire." This is just an example. I'm not making any political statements, here,
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ใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใŒใ‚ขใƒกใƒชใ‚ซๅธๅ›ฝใซๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใปใ‚“ใฎ ไธ€ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ“ใ“ใงๆ”ฟๆฒป็š„ใชๅฃฐๆ˜Žใ‚’ๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏ
04:52
just so we understand. "Sun is setting on something" means it's in decline, it's weakening
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ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅคช้™ฝใŒ ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๆฒˆใ‚€ใ€ใจใฏใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒ่กฐ้€€ใ—ใ€ๅผฑไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ—
04:57
and losing power.
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ใ€ๅŠ›ใ‚’ๅคฑใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:00
Something becomes thick or hard, so for example, if you're building a building and you have
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒๅŽšใใชใฃใŸใ‚Š็กฌใใชใฃใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐ ใƒ“ใƒซใ‚’ๅปบใฆใฆใ„ใฆใ€
05:05
concrete... So, this is a good example. I hope everybody knows what concrete is, it's
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ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใŸใ‚‰โ€ฆ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒใ„ใ„ไพ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใจใฏใ€
05:12
that grey stuff that you build buildings with. Once you place the concrete in its place and
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ๅปบ็‰ฉใ‚’ๅปบใฆใ‚‹้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็ฐ่‰ฒใฎ็‰ฉ่ณชใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆ‰€ๅฎšใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ้…็ฝฎใ—ใ€
05:18
everything's smooth and level, then you have to wait maybe a day or maybe 36 hours for
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ใ™ในใฆใŒๆป‘ใ‚‰ใ‹ใงๆฐดๅนณใซใชใฃ ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใŒๅ›บใพใ‚‹ใพใง 1 ๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏ 36 ๆ™‚้–“ๅพ…ใคๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:25
the concrete to set. "To set" means it becomes thick and hard, and doesn't move and stays
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ใ€‚ ใ€Œๅ›บใพใ‚‹ใ€ ใจใฏใ€ๅŽšใๅ›บใใชใ‚Šใ€ๅ‹•ใ‹ใšใซใจใฉใพใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ
05:30
in place. If you try to step on it too quickly, your foot will sink in. Okay? So, you have
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ€ฅใซ่ธใ‚€ใจ ่ถณใŒๆฒˆใ‚“ใงใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ
05:36
to let it set, and then you can build on top of it. You can also just think of something
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ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒใ€ใใฎไธŠใซๆง‹็ฏ‰ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
05:41
becoming hard.
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ใ€‚
05:43
Here's a good word for you...
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใชใŸใธใฎ่‰ฏใ„่จ€่‘‰ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™...
05:48
Riga-... Sorry. "Rigamortis".
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ใƒชใ‚ฌ-... ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€Œใƒชใ‚ฌใƒขใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใ€ใ€‚
05:53
So, when a body, when a person
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ไบบ
05:54
dies, their body's still warm and soft and whatever, after a little while after all the
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ใŒๆญปใฌใจใใ€ใใฎไฝ“ใฏใพใ ๆธฉใ‹ใใฆๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€ ใ—ใฐใ‚‰ใใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎ
05:59
heat starts to go away, rigamortis sets in. And again, we're using a preposition.
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็†ฑใŒไธ‹ใŒใ‚Šๅง‹ใ‚ใ€ใƒชใ‚ฌใƒขใƒซใƒ†ใ‚ฃใ‚นใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:07
"Set in" means it takes hold. Okay? So, here, we're talking about take hold. And it's becoming
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ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚คใƒณใ€ใฏใ€ๅฎš็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใง ใฏใ€ใƒ†ใ‚คใ‚ฏ ใƒ›ใƒผใƒซใƒ‰ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ—ใฆใใ‚Œใฏ
06:12
hard, it's losing all its softness and heat, but something... This takes hold. It becomes
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็กฌใใชใ‚Šใ€ๆŸ”ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ•ใจ็†ฑใ‚’ใ™ในใฆๅคฑใ„ใคใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ... ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฎš็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ
06:19
permanent, it becomes... Well, becomes set. It becomes part of the thing. So, the concrete
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ๆ’ไน…็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏใชใ‚Šใพใ™...ใพใ‚ใ€ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ็‰ฉใฎไธ€้ƒจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆ
06:26
sets or becomes thick and hard, and it also takes hold of whatever it's being poured on.
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ใฏ็กฌๅŒ–ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ๅŽšใใฆ็กฌใใชใ‚Šใ€ใพใŸใ€ใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆ ใŒๆณจใŒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใคใ‹ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚
06:33
So, you pour the concrete on a little area, it sets, and it sets, takes hold of the thing.
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ใงใ€ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใซใ‚ณใƒณใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๆตใ—่พผใ‚“ใงๅ›บใ‚ใฆใ€ๅ›บใ‚ ใฆ็‰ฉใ‚’ๆŽดใ‚€ใ€‚
06:40
Becomes permanent. Once the effect of something sets on the place, that's the new idea. So,
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ๆ’ไน…็š„ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎๅŠนๆžœใŒ ใใฎๅ ดๆ‰€ใซ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใ‚ขใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใฎใŸใ‚
06:48
a new manager comes to the company, he brings with him or with her a new corporate culture.
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ใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ใƒžใƒใƒผใ‚ธใƒฃใƒผใŒไผš็คพใซใ‚„ใฃใฆๆฅใฆใ€ ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใจไธ€็ท’ใซๆ–ฐใ—ใ„ไผๆฅญๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
06:55
Okay? He or she likes to do things very differently. At the beginning, everybody hates it, everybody's
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ๅฝผใพใŸใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฏ้žๅธธใซ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆœ€ๅˆใฏ่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅซŒใ„ใ€่ชฐใ‚‚ใŒใใ‚Œใซ
07:01
fighting against it, everybody's rebelling. But eventually, the new habits set in. Again,
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ๅๅฏพใ—ใ€ๅๆŠ—ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏใ€ๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็ฟ’ๆ…ฃใŒๅฎš็€ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใ‚‚
07:08
we're using the "in", it sets in, it becomes permanent. It takes hold of the people, it
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ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฎš็€ใ—ใ€ๆฐธ็ถš็š„ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…
07:13
takes hold of the place. It becomes the new normal. Okay?
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ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใฟใ€ๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใฟใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ ใŒใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒŽใƒผใƒžใƒซใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:18
So, these are the most common verbs using "set". Now, we can also use "set" as a noun.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œsetใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉž ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใงใ€ใ€Œsetใ€ใ‚’ๅ่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:24
So, for example, I like to play golf. Actually, I'm not very good at it, but I like to play,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€็งใฏใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒๅฅฝใใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฎŸใฏใ‚ใพใ‚Šๅพ—ๆ„ใงใฏใชใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒใ€้ŠใถใฎใŒๅฅฝใใง
07:30
and I have a golf set. This is my bag with all the clubs in it, and it's a complete set.
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ใ€ใ‚ดใƒซใƒ•ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ™ในใฆใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใƒ–ใŒๅ…ฅใฃใŸ็งใฎใƒใƒƒใ‚ฐ ใงใ€ๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใงใ™ใ€‚
07:37
So, it's a collection or series of things. Now, I also like Lego, and I like Star Wars,
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใพใŸใฏไธ€้€ฃใฎใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚ ไปŠใงใฏใ€ใƒฌใ‚ดใ‚‚ๅฅฝใ
07:44
and I have the complete Star Wars Lego set. So, this is basically a series. It's a collection
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ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใ‚‚ๅฅฝใใงใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฟใƒผใ‚ฆใ‚ฉใƒผใ‚บใฎใƒฌใ‚ดใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆไธ€ๅผใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œ
07:50
of pieces that make up one whole group of something. Usually something, like, in a series,
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ใฏใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎ 1 ใคใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ๅ…จไฝ“ใ‚’ๆง‹ๆˆใ™ใ‚‹ใƒ”ใƒผใ‚นใฎใ‚ณใƒฌใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธใ€ใ‚ทใƒชใƒผใ‚บใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€
07:57
it has one, two, three, it has all the pieces - together, it makes the complete set.
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1 ใคใ€2 ใคใ€3 ใคใ€ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒ”ใƒผใ‚นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ไธ€็ท’ใซใชใฃใฆๅฎŒๅ…จใชใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
08:02
Sometimes we talk about a group of people as a set. "The intellectual set" means this
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ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ— ใ‚’ใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใจใ—ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็Ÿฅ็š„้›†ๅˆใ€
08:07
is that group of people that are considered the intellectuals. The wealthy set.
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ใจใฏใ€็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ไบบใจ่ฆ‹ใชใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ไบบใ€…ใฎใ‚ฐใƒซใƒผใƒ—ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ่ฃ•็ฆใชใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€‚
08:14
Another good expression:
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคใฎ่‰ฏใ„่กจ็พใฏ
08:20
"the jetsetters". "The jetsetters" are generally the people who fly around in
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ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€ใจใฏใ€ ไธ€่ˆฌใซใ€
08:24
jets all over the world because they're rich, and they create the trends. They're spending
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้‡‘ๆŒใกใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซไธ–็•Œไธญใ‚’ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆๆฉŸใง้ฃ›ใณๅ›žใ‚Š ใ€ใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ไบบใ€…ใฎใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ
08:28
the money, they decide what is popular, what is not popular, what is trendy, what is fashionable.
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ใŠ้‡‘ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใ€ไฝ•ใŒไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ไฝ•ใŒไบบๆฐ—ใŒ ใชใใ€ไฝ•ใŒใƒˆใƒฌใƒณใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใงใ€ไฝ•ใŒใƒ•ใ‚กใƒƒใ‚ทใƒงใƒŠใƒ–ใƒซใ‹ใ‚’ๆฑบๅฎšใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:34
They're the jetsetters. They go to... They want to have dinner, a French dinner, they
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่กŒใใพใ™...ๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€ใƒ•ใƒฉใƒณใ‚นใฎๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ„ใ€
08:39
fly to Paris, have dinner, fly back home to New York or wherever they are. Jetsetters.
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ใƒ‘ใƒชใซ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ€ๅค•้ฃŸใ‚’ใจใ‚Šใ€ ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒจใƒผใ‚ฏใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€ใฉใ“ใซใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅธฐใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒƒใƒˆใ‚ปใƒƒใ‚ฟใƒผใ€‚
08:45
Now, adjectives. Have you ever watched the Olympics or any race for that matter? And
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ€‚ ใ‚ชใƒชใƒณใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚„ใใฎไป–ใฎใƒฌใƒผใ‚นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹? ใใ—ใฆ
08:51
they... At the beginning, everybody lines up and they say: "Ready", so everybody comes
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ... ๆœ€ๅˆใฏใ€ๅ…จๅ“กใŒๅˆ—ใซไธฆใณ ใ€ใ€Œๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ€ๅ…จๅ“ก
08:54
to the line. "Set", and they get into their position. "Go". Right? So, "set" means get
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ใŒๅˆ—ใซไธฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ ไฝ็ฝฎใซ็€ใใพใ™ใ€‚ "่กŒใ‘"ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใฏใ€ใใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซ็€ใใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™
09:00
into position. I didn't actually put that. But in essence, it means ready. Ready to do
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ใ€‚ ็งใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„
09:08
something. Right? Okay, and you can say: -"Are you ready?"
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ•ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™: -ใ€Œๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€
09:12
-"All set." This is another very good expression.
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-"ๆบ–ๅ‚™ๅฎŒไบ†ใ€‚" ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ ใพใŸใ„ใ„่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
09:17
"All set" means I'm ready. I'm ready to do whatever needs to be done.
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ใ€Œๆบ–ๅ‚™ไธ‡็ซฏใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ“ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใŒใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:21
So you're going to do a test. Everybody sits on their tables, everybody takes out their
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ…จๅ“กใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใƒ†ใƒผใƒ–ใƒซใซๅบงใ‚Šใ€
09:25
pencils and pens, papers, and the teacher says: -"Okay, everybody ready?"
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้‰›็ญ†ใจใƒšใƒณใ€็ด™ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใ€ ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
09:29
-"Yeah. All set." -"Go. Start your test."
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-ใ€Œใฏใ„ใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ๅฎŒไบ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ -ใ€Œ่กŒใฃใฆ ใ€ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’้–‹ๅง‹ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
09:35
Now, you can also use "all set" to mean satisfied.
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ไปŠใงใฏใ€"all set" ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆๆบ€่ถณใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ ใ€‚
09:37
-"Can I get you anything else? Do you need a coffee? Do you need a drink?" -"No. I'm all set."
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-ใ€Œไป–ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใˆใพใ™ใ‹? ใ‚ณใƒผใƒ’ใƒผใฏ่ฆใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ‹? ้ฃฒใฟ็‰ฉใฏ่ฆใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹?ใ€ -ใ€Œใ„ใ„ใˆใ€‚ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใฏๆ•ดใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
09:41
It means: "I'm good. I have everything I need. I'm satisfied. Thank you very much."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ€‚ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ™ในใฆๆƒใฃใฆใ„ ใพใ™ใ€‚ๆบ€่ถณใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใฉใ†ใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ€‚
09:46
It also means that... Again, we're still looking at adjectives, here. It also means standard
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ใใ‚ŒใฏใพใŸใ€ๆฌกใฎใ“ใจใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™... ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใพใ  ๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใ€ๆจ™ๆบ–ใพใŸใฏๅ…ฑ้€šใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Š
09:52
or common. So, for example, "a set expression". Sometimes people ask me:
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆ ๅผใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆ™‚ใ€…ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏ็งใซใ“ใ†ๅฐ‹ใญใพใ™ใ€‚
09:56
"Oh, why do people say this or that in English?" And I say:
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ใใ—ใฆ็งใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš
10:00
"Well, there's no real reason to." Like: "Why do people say 'all set'?" Well, it's just a set expression.
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ใ€Œใพใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ๆœฌๅฝ“ใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ไพ‹: ใ€Œใชใœไบบใ€… ใฏใ€Žๆบ–ๅ‚™ไธ‡็ซฏใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใงใ™ใ‹?ใ€ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎๆฑบใพใฃใŸ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚
10:05
It doesn't have any particular
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็‰นใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
10:07
meaning. That's just what people say, and they always say it the same way. Okay? Like
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ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏไบบใ€…ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ„ใคใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
10:12
people say: "To kill a bird with one stone", this is an idiom. So, why those particular
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ใ€Œไธ€็ŸณไบŒ้ณฅใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ‚คใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใ‚ชใƒ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ใชใœใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰นๅฎšใฎ
10:17
words? Well, it's just a set idiom, it's a set expression. It's already been decided,
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่จ€่‘‰ใŒ๏ผŸ ใพใ‚ใ€ใใ‚ŒใฏใŸใ ใฎๅฎšๅž‹ๅฅใ€ๅฎšๅž‹ ่กจ็พใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚‚ใ†ๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€
10:21
it's become common in use - that's how it stays.
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ๅฝ“ใŸใ‚Šๅ‰ใซใชใฃใŸใ€ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใใฎใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚
10:25
Unmoving. Now...
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ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆโ€ฆ
10:33
I hope you can see that. "To be set in one's ways".
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ใ”่ฆงใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใง่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
10:36
If something is set, means it's not moving, it's not budging, it's not going to change. So, if I am set
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใŒ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใใ‚Œใฏๅ‹•ใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ€ๅ‹•ๆบใ—ใฆใ„ใชใ„ ใ€ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ‚‚ใ—็ง
10:42
in my ways, means I have my beliefs, I have my values, you're not going to change me.
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ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใซๅ›บๅŸทใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใชใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ็งใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไฟกๅฟตใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€็งใซใฏ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎไพกๅ€ค่ฆณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็งใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.
10:47
I'm very stubborn. Okay? That's a synonym to "set in one's ways". Unmoving, you can't
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็งใฏใจใฆใ‚‚้ ‘ๅ›บใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใฏ ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎใ‚„ใ‚Šๆ–นใง่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใจๅŒ็พฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅ‹•ใ‹
10:53
convince it, you can't persuade it to do something different.
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ใชใ„ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’็ดๅพ—ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ไฝ•ใ‹้•ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ชฌๅพ—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚
10:56
And, lastly: fixed or something is fixed or decided on already. So, for example, the annual
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใซใ€ไฟฎๆญฃๆธˆใฟใพใŸใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใŒไฟฎๆญฃๆธˆใฟใพใŸใฏ ๆฑบๅฎšๆธˆใฟใงใ™ใ€‚ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅนดๆฌก
11:04
conference is on a set date and time every year. Every year, it's on December 3rd in
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ไผš่ญฐใฏๆฏŽๅนดๆฑบใพใฃใŸๆ—ฅๆ™‚ใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ ใ€‚ ๆฏŽๅนดใ€12ๆœˆ3ๆ—ฅ
11:11
the evening. It's set. Excuse me. It's fixed. It's not going to be changing. So, it's a
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ใฎๅค•ๆ–นใงใ™ใ€‚ ่จญๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ไฟฎๆญฃใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ‹•ใ‹ใชใ„ใฎใจใฏ
11:16
little bit different from unmoving. "Unmoving" means you can be convinced or persuaded; whereas
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ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ้•ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œไธๅ‹•ใ€ ใจใฏใ€็ดๅพ—ใพใŸใฏ่ชฌๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ไธ€ๆ–นใ€
11:21
"fixed" means it's decided, it's not going to change, it's always going to be the same.
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ใ€Œๅ›บๅฎšใ€ใจใฏใ€ๆฑบใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใ€ ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใชใใ€ๅธธใซๅŒใ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:26
Okay? You can also... You can have a set schedule, you can have a set itinerary. It means it's
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸ... ใ‚นใ‚ฑใ‚ธใƒฅใƒผใƒซใ‚’่จญๅฎš ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ€ๆ—…็จ‹ใ‚’่จญๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€
11:33
been decided, it's been planned, no more changing it. Okay? And, again, we're using it as an
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ใ™ใงใซๆฑบๅฎšใ•ใ‚Œใ€่จˆ็”ปใ•ใ‚ŒใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใ‚’ ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ไฝ•ใ‹ไป–ใฎใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใŸใ‚ใซๅฝขๅฎน่ฉžใจใ—ใฆไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„
11:38
adjective to talk about something else.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:40
So, there are the many meanings of the word "set". I know it's a little bit of a confusing word.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œใ‚ปใƒƒใƒˆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซใฏใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ‚„ใ‚„ใ“ใ—ใ„่จ€่‘‰ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏๆ‰ฟ็Ÿฅใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
11:47
We have a lot of words like this in English, but you'll get to them one at a time,
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่‹ฑ่ชžใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใŒใ€ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Šใจใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—็ขบๅฎŸใซ 1 ใคใšใค็†่งฃใ—ใฆใ„ใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
11:50
slowly but surely.
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ใ€‚
11:51
If you need to practice these words, go to www.engvid.com.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
11:55
There's a quiz there. You can also ask me questions; I'll be very happy to help you out.
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ใใ“ใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใงใ™ใ€‚ ็งใซ่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใŠๆ‰‹ไผใ„ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ใ€‚
12:00
Subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back again soon. Bye.
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็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใ‚’่ณผ่ชญใ—ใฆใ€ ใพใŸใ™ใใซๆˆปใฃใฆใใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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