The Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson

3,475,981 views ・ 2017-09-13

mmmEnglish


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

00:00
Okay! Get your notebooks ready! In this lesson, we're focusing on the present
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U redu! Pripremite svoje bilježnice! U ovome lekcija, fokusiramo se na sadašnjost
00:06
perfect tense - what it looks like, how to use it and when to use it.
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savršena napetost - kako izgleda, kako to učiniti koristiti i kada koristiti.
00:21
Hello! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish. If you don't feel confident using the present perfect
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Zdravo! Ja sam Emma iz mmmEnglish. Ako nemaš osjećajte se sigurnim koristeći sadašnjost savršenu
00:29
tense in English yet, there's probably a few reasons why. There's those nasty
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napeto na engleskom još, vjerojatno postoji a nekoliko razloga zašto. Postoje oni gadni
00:37
irregular verbs in past participle form. Or maybe you feel unsure about when to
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nepravilni glagoli u obliku prošlih particija. Ili se možda osjećate nesigurno kada to učiniti
00:45
use the present perfect and when to use the past simple tenses.
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koristiti sadašnjost savršena i kada koristiti prošlih jednostavnih tenzija.
00:50
Even if you're quite good at using the present perfect tense in English, it's definitely worth
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Čak i ako se prilično dobro služite sadašnjim savršenim napeta na engleskom, definitivno vrijedi
00:56
reviewing this tense to jog your memory - that expression means to remind yourself.
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preispitivanje ovog naprezanja kako bi vam uspjelo probiti pamćenje - taj izraz znači podsjetiti se.
01:03
So are you ready to start? Grab a notepad and a pen and let's go over this
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Jeste li spremni za početak? Uzmi bilježnicu i olovku i prelazimo preko ovoga
01:10
beautiful tense right now so that you can feel more confident using it.
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lijepa napetost odmah tako da i ti mogu se osjećati samouvjerenije koristeći ga.
01:16
Oh and if you can think of a friend who needs to review this tense too, make sure you
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Oh, i ako možete pomisliti na prijatelja kome treba da biste pregledali i ovu napetost, provjerite
01:22
share this lesson with them. Click the share button just underneath this video,
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podijelite s njima ovu lekciju. Kliknite gumb gumb za dijeljenje odmah ispod ovog videozapisa,
01:27
they'll thank you for it! First thing, the grammatical structure. What does it look like?
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hvala vam na tome! Prvo, the gramatička struktura. Kako izgleda?
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Well, it looks like this: Subject "have" or "has" and your main verb in past
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Pa, izgleda ovako: Predmet "imati" ili "ima" i vaš glavni glagol u prošlosti
01:46
participle form. So, the subject, you already know this. You can use a proper
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oblik partikula. Dakle, predmet, ti to već znam. Možete koristiti pravilan
01:52
noun or a pronoun. I, she, they. In the perfect tenses, the verb "have" is an
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imenica ili zamjenica. Ja, ona, oni. U savršene desetine, glagol "imati" je an
02:01
auxiliary verb, it's a helping verb. It's not the main verb in the sentence
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pomoćni glagol, to je pomoćni glagol. to je a ne glavni glagol u rečenici
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and that means that it's usually unstressed and often contracted when spoken.
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a to znači da je to obično nestrpljiv i često ugovoren kad se govori.
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So "she has" becomes "she's" "I have" becomes "I've" - but I'll talk more about that soon!
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Dakle, "ona ima" postaje "ona je" "Imam" postaje "jesam" - ali o tome ću uskoro govoriti više!
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But then comes the main verb. In the present perfect tense, the main
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Ali tada dolazi glavni glagol. U sadašnjem savršenom vremenu, glavno
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verb is in past participle form, not in past simple form. Now, this is no problem
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glagol je u prošlom participiranom obliku, a ne u prošli jednostavan oblik. Ovo nije problem
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for regular past tense verbs. For regular verbs, the past participle form is the
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za redovite prošive napete glagole. Za redovne glagoli, prošli oblik participa je
02:44
same as the simple past. So you just need to add -ed. "watch" in the present tense
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isto kao i jednostavna prošlost. Tako da samo trebate dodati -ed. "gledati" u sadašnjem vremenu
02:52
becomes "watched" in past simple and it's also "watched" in past participle form.
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postaje "promatrano" u prošlosti jednostavno i to je također "gledali" u prošlom participu obliku.
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"laugh" becomes "laughed" and is also "laughed". "dance" "danced" "danced"
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"smijeh" postaje "nasmijan" i također se "smije". "plesati" "plesati" "plesati"
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"call" "called" "called"
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"poziv" "pozvan" "pozvan"
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and even some irregular verbs use the same verb for past simple as the past
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pa čak i neki nepravilni glagoli koriste isto glagol za prošlost jednostavan kao prošlost
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participle form. "have" in the present tense becomes "had" in the simple past
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oblik partikula. "imati" u sadašnjosti napetost postaje "imala" u jednostavnoj prošlosti
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and it's also "had" as a past participle. Easy, right? "win" "won" "won"
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a također je "imao" kao prošlo participilo. Lako, zar ne? "pobijediti" "pobijediti" "pobijediti"
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But these really irregular verbs are the ones that cause all of the headaches because there are
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Ali upravo su ti nepravilni glagoli ti koji uzrokuju sve glavobolje jer postoje
03:49
three different forms that you need to remember. "go" in the present tense becomes
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tri različita oblika koja trebate zapamtiti. "ići" u sadašnjem vremenu postaje
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"went" in the past simple and in the past participle form, it's "been" or "gone".
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"otišao" u prošlost jednostavno i u prošlost oblik participle, to je "prošlo" ili "otišlo".
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Some more examples. "fly" "flew" "flown" "throw" "threw" "thrown"
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Još nekoliko primjera. "letjeti" leteti "leteti" "baciti" "bacio" "bacio"
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"do" "did" "done" "become" "became" "become"
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"učiniti" "učinio" "učinio" "postati" "postati" "postati"
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"speak" "spoke" "spoken" I'm sure you can think of many more examples but with
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"govoriti" "govorio" "govorio" Siguran sam da možete smisliti još mnogo primjera, ali sa
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these verbs, there's no pattern, there's no rule to follow. You just need to
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ti glagoli, nema obrasca, postoji nema pravila koje treba slijediti. Samo trebate
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memorise the past participle form - but keep an eye out for my next video next
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zapamtiti prošli oblik participa - ali pazi na moj sljedeći video sljedeći
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week, which will help you to practise and memorise these past participle forms of
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tjedan, što će vam pomoći da vježbate i zapamtiti ove oblike dijelova prošlosti
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irregular verbs. In fact, if you subscribe to this channel - click the red button
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nepravilni glagoli. U stvari, ako se pretplatite do ovog kanala - kliknite crveni gumb
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here - then you'll find out as soon as it's ready. But to use the present
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evo - tada ćete saznati čim spremno je. Ali da iskoristimo sadašnjost
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perfect tense well, you may need to polish up on some useful irregular
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savršeno napeto, možda ćete trebati polirati na neke korisne nepravilne
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English verbs and remind yourself about their past participle form.
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Engleski glagoli i podsjetite se na njihov oblik prethodnog participa.
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But let's get back to the structure! You have the subject, ylou have "have" or "has" and our
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Ali vratimo se strukturi! Imate predmet, ylou su "imali" ili "ima" i naš
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past participle verb. "I have asked my parents to loan me some money."
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prošli glagol participle. "Pitao sam svoje roditelji da mi pozajme novac. "
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"You have been really helpful today." "They have flown to the capital to meet with the officials."
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"Danas ste bili od velike pomoći." "Odletjeli su u glavni grad na sastanak sa dužnosnicima."
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"He has saved enough money to buy a car." "She has forgotten where her hotel is."
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"Uštedio je dovoljno novca za kupnju automobila." "Zaboravila je gdje joj je hotel."
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Now, in this structure often "have" and "has" are contracted to
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Sada su u ovoj strukturi često ugovoreni "imaju" i "ima"
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and
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i
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"I've asked" "You've been" "They've flown" "He's saved" "She's forgotten"
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"Pitao sam" "Bili ste" "Letjeli su" "On je spašen" "Zaboravila je"
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Got it? Good. So when should you use the present perfect tense? Well, when there is
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Razumiješ? Dobro. Pa kad biste trebali koristiti prisutna savršena napetost? Pa, kad ima
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a connection between the present and the past. Think of it like a bridge that's
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veza između sadašnjosti i onoga prošlost. Zamislite to kao most koji je to
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connecting the present and the past. For example, when something started in the
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povezujući sadašnjost i prošlost. Za na primjer, kada je nešto započelo u
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past and continues in the present. "They've been married for three years."
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prošlosti i nastavlja se u sadašnjosti. "U braku su tri godine."
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You can use it to talk about an activity that you've done several times in the
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Možete ga koristiti za razgovor o aktivnosti to ste učinili nekoliko puta u
06:50
past and that you continue to do now. "She has read many books." And she'll probably
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prošlosti i da to i dalje činite sada. "Pročitala je mnogo knjiga." A ona će vjerojatno
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read more. You can also use the present perfect to talk about life experience.
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Čitaj više. Možete koristiti i sadašnjost savršena za razgovor o životnom iskustvu.
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"He hasn't travelled overseas before." Now before I give you some more examples
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"Prije nije putovao u inozemstvo." Sada prije nego vam dam još nekoliko primjera
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let's talk about when to use the past simple tense and the present perfect
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razgovarajmo o tome kada koristiti prošlost jednostavna napetost i sadašnja savršena
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tense because this is often the confusing part about this tense.
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napeta jer je to često zbunjujući dio ove napetosti.
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To answer this question, you need to think about time, finished time and unfinished time.
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Da biste odgovorili na ovo pitanje, morate razmišljati o vremenu, završenom vremenu i nedovršenom vremenu.
07:35
So think about last week - that's a good example of finished time. Last week
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Pa razmislite prošli tjedan - to je dobar primjer gotovog vremena. Prošli tjedan
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is finished, it's over. But what about this week? Is this week finished?
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je gotov, gotovo je. Ali što je s tim? ovaj tjedan? Je li ovaj tjedan završen?
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No, not yet. That's an example of unfinished time. There is still more of this week to come,
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Ne još. To je primjer nedovršenog vremena. Još će ovog tjedna doći još,
08:00
it's not finished yet. Yesterday, last week, last month, last year, 1991. These are
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još nije gotov. Jučer zadnji tjedan, zadnji mjesec, prošle godine, 1991. To su
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all examples of finished time. Time that is complete. When you're talking about a
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svi primjeri gotovog vremena. Vrijeme je to je dovršen. Kad govorite o a
08:15
time period that has finished - like these - you need to use the past simple. But when
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vremensko razdoblje koje je završilo - poput ovih - trebate koristiti prošlost jednostavnu. Ali kada
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you're talking about a time period that is unfinished, like today,
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govoriš o vremenu razdoblje koje je nedovršeno, kao danas,
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this week, this year, this month, use the present perfect tense. So let's compare
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ovaj, ovaj, ovaj mjesec, koristite prisutna savršena napetost. Pa usporedimo
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some examples. "Last month, I visited my brother three times." "This month I have
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neki primjeri. "Prošli mjesec posjetio sam svoju brata tri puta. "" Ovaj mjesec imam
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visited my brother twice." But the month isn't finished yet and I may visit him again.
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dva puta posjetio mog brata. "Ali mjesec još nije gotov i možda ću ga ponovo posjetiti.
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Try an example with me. "He borrowed my car yesterday." So this sentence is in
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Pokušaj sa mnom primjer. "Posudio je moj automobil jučer. "Dakle, ova rečenica je u
09:07
the past simple. It's finished time. Now, try to change it to the present perfect yourself.
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prošlost jednostavna. Gotovo je vrijeme. Sada, pokušajte to promijeniti u sadašnji savršeni sami.
09:16
What do you need to do?
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Što trebate učiniti?
09:21
Two things. You need to add the auxiliary verb. "he has"
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Dvije stvari. Trebate dodati pomoćni glagol. "on ima"
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"has" not "have". It changes because our subject is he. "He has
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"ima" nije "imati". Mijenja se jer naš je subjekt on. "On ima
09:37
borrowed my car today" or this week. lWe need to change the time expression too
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danas sam posudio moj automobil "ili ovaj tjedan. lWe trebate promijeniti i vremenski izraz
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for our sentence to work in the present perfect tense.
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da naša rečenica djeluje u sadašnjosti perfektno vrijeme.
09:49
It must be unfinished time. Okay so those were all examples of the present perfect
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To mora biti nedovršeno vrijeme. Ok, oni bili svi primjeri sadašnjosti savršeni
09:57
in positive sentences. But what about negative forms? Of course, we need to add
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u pozitivnim rečenicama. Ali što je s tim? negativni oblici? Naravno, moramo dodati
10:05
"not" to our sentence, to our structure. Subject plus "have" or "has" plus not
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"ne" našoj rečenici, našoj strukturi. Predmet plus "imati" ili "ima" plus ne
10:14
and then our past participle verb. So compare these sentences. "Last month, I visited my
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a zatim naš prošli glagol participle. Pa usporedite ove rečenice. "Prošli mjesec posjetio sam svoju
10:23
brother three times." "This month, I haven't visited him at all."
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brat tri puta. " "Ovaj mjesec ga uopće nisam posjetio."
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but the month isn't over, yet. I may still visit him. Again, see that this structure
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ali mjesec još nije gotov. Još uvijek mogu posjetite ga. Opet pogledajte da je ta struktura
10:38
is usually contracted in spoken English. "Haven't" This is the most common way to
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obično je ugovoreno u govornom engleskom jeziku. "Nisam" To je najčešći način
10:46
contract the negative form but you may also hear people say "I've not visited him."
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ugovorite negativan oblik, ali vi svibanj također čujem ljude kako kažu "nisam ga posjetio."
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Both ways are acceptable but you can't contract all three words together.
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Oba su načina prihvatljiva, ali vi ne mogu ugovoriti sve tri riječi zajedno.
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I've n't. You can't do that! It's one contraction, or the other. Another example,
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Nisam. Ne možete to učiniti! Jedna je kontrakcije ili drugog. Još jedan primjer,
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"He ate so much yesterday! Notice the time word that we're using. So in present
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"Jučer je toliko jeo! Primijeti vrijeme riječ koju koristimo. Tako u sadašnjosti
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perfect negative, we can say "He hasn't eaten a lot today" but there is still
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savršen negativan, možemo reći "On nije danas jesti puno ", ali još uvijek ima
11:23
more day so he could eat more food. One more example. "They were at school yesterday."
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više dana kako bi mogao pojesti više hrane. Jedan više primjera. "Jučer su bili u školi."
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In the present perfect, "They haven't been at school all morning."
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U sadašnjem savršenom, "Nisu bili u školi cijelo jutro."
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But the day's not finished yet and they may arrive in the afternoon. Of course,
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Ali dan još nije završen i oni mogu stići popodne. Naravno,
11:44
you need to ask present perfect questions too, right? As with all English
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morate pitati prisutne savršene i pitanja, zar ne? Kao i kod svih Engleza
11:50
question forms, our auxiliary verb needs to change position. So we have "have" and
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oblike pitanja, naši pomoćni glagoli trebaju za promjenu položaja. Dakle, imamo "imamo" i
11:57
"has", our subject and our past participle verb. "Has he cleaned the bathroom?"
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"ima", naš predmet i naše proteklo participiranje glagol. "Je li očistio kupaonicu?"
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"Have you eaten enough?" "Has it rained today?" "Have they finished yet?"
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"Jeste li pojeli dovoljno?" "Je li danas kišilo?" "Jesu li dovršili?"
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Now compare these two questions. "Did you go to Thailand last year?"
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Sada usporedite ova dva pitanja. "Jeste li otišli na Tajland prošle godine?"
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This is a past simple question so the auxiliary verb "do" takes the tense
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Ovo je prošlo jednostavno pitanje pa pomoćni glagol "učiniti" uzima tenziju
12:30
it becomes "did" but now compare it to "Have you been to Thailand?"
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postaje "učinio", ali sada ga usporedite s "Jeste li bili na Tajlandu?"
12:36
This means at any time in the past, it's your life experience, but of course,
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To znači u bilo koje vrijeme u prošlost, to je vaše životno iskustvo, ali naravno,
12:42
you're still alive, so you may go in the future. The difference is the time
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još si živ pa možeš ići u budućnosti. Razlika je u vremenu
12:48
reference. There is a lot to think about when using the present perfect tense, right?
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referenca. Treba puno razmišljati kada se koristi sadašnji savršeni trenutak, zar ne?
12:56
But I hope that this lesson made everything a little easier, especially
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Ali nadam se da je ova lekcija napravila sve malo lakše, pogotovo
13:01
the basics. If you're clear on the basics, it's a good thing. Make sure that you're
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osnove. Ako vam je jasno od osnova, to je dobra stvar. Provjerite jeste li
13:07
subscribed to the mmmEnglish Channel because the next few lessons that I make
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pretplaćeni na mmmEnglish Channel jer sljedećih nekoliko lekcija koje napravim
13:12
will help you to practise using the present perfect tense. You don't want to
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pomoći će vam da vježbate koristeći prisutna savršena napetost. Ne želite
13:17
miss them! Just click that red subscribe button just there. You can watch more
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nedostaju mi! Samo kliknite tu crvenu pretplatu gumb tamo. Možete gledati više
13:23
mmmEnglish lessons right here or you can improve your pronunciation and your
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mmm engleski jezik lekcije ovdje ili možete poboljšati svoj izgovor i svoj
13:29
English speaking skills by practising with the imitation technique right here!
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Vještine engleskog govornog vježbanja s tehnikom imitacije upravo ovdje!
13:35
Thanks so much for watching and I'll see you in the next lesson. Bye for now!
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Puno hvala na gledanju i vidjet ću vi u sljedećoj lekciji. Doviđenja za sada!
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