The Humans at the Center of the US Immigration Debate | Ali Noorani | TED

翻译人员: C T 校对人员: Yan Li Xiao

Coming out of the bright Texas sunshine,

照耀在德克萨斯明亮的阳光下,

my eyes squinted under the harsh fluorescent lights.

刺眼的阳光让我瞇着双眼。

There were gray rubber bucket seats bolted to the ground,

灰色的单人座椅固定在地上,

white vinyl tiles,

白色塑料地砖,

cinder block walls.

空心砖墙。

We walked through the metal detector and gave our IDs to the guard,

我们通过金属探测器 并把身份证交给保安，

and we put our cell phones in lockers.

把我们的手提电话放在储物柜。

Another guard came and escorted us down a hallway

另一个保安过来, 带着我们沿着走廊

into a small courtroom.

进入一个小法庭。

In the gallery on the right,

在右边的座席上，

in the front rows was a group of men

前面几行是一群男士，

wearing orange jumpsuits and wearing bright Crocs.

穿着橘黄色的连身裤 和鲜艳的 Crocs 鞋。

On the left side of the gallery, in the front

在左边，

was a smaller group of women.

前面的是一小群女士。

Same orange jumpsuits, same Crocs.

一样的橘黄色连身裤, 一样的 Crocs 鞋。

Our small delegation took up the back two rows

我们几个人坐在了 埃尔帕索移民拘留所

of the immigration court

的移民法庭里后面的两行。

at the El Paso immigrant detention facility.

On the bench to the left and the right of the judge

在法官席最左边和最右边的

was a clerk and an interpreter.

是书记员和口译员。

Coming out from the bench a few feet down was a table, perpendicular.

法官席前面几英尺往下的地方 有一张桌子, 直角方向。

On the right side of the table would sit an attorney

律师应该坐在这张桌子的右边，

representing Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

代表移民和海关执法部门。

On the left side of the table,

在桌子的左边,

if the detainee had representation, would sit their attorney.

如果被拘留的人有代表， 那就是他们的律师。

At the end of the table, facing the judge would be the detainee.

在桌子的一端， 面对法官的应该是被拘留人士。

Often, most times wearing translation headphones,

通常, 他们很多时候 都带着翻译耳机,

speaking into a thin microphone.

朝着一个小麦克风说话。

The judge, for every single case, would, in essence,

法官每一个独立个案都会

read the very same instructions.

念出本质上一模一样的指示。

Describing the process, what would come next,

描述流程, 跟着做甚么,

what to expect.

预计的事情。

He made sure that

他确保

if the immigrants had any questions, they were answered,

如果移民有任何问题, 一定会获得答复,

but they were also able to explain their side of the case.

但同时他们可以 从他们的角度解释案件。

The attorney with Immigration and Customs Enforcement,

移民和海关执法部门的律师,

if the detainee had representation,

如果拘留人士有代表的话,

would pay close attention.

都认真聆听。

And she would make the case of the government much more forcefully

如果有代表的话,

if there was representation.

她会令政府的个案会更为有力。

Every single case that morning was either delayed or denied.

上午的每一个个案 都延期或被驳回了。

Then a young woman came and sat at the end of the table,

然后一位年轻的女士 上前并坐在了桌子的一端,

facing the judge in front of the thin microphone,

在小麦克风前面对着法官,

wearing the orange jumpsuit and the Crocs.

穿着橘黄色的连身裤 和那款 Crocs 鞋。

The judge, leaning forward, flipped through the case file,

那位法官, 向前靠, 很快地翻了档案,

asked some clarifying questions,

问了一些澄清的问题,

looked down at the young woman.

俯视着那位年轻女士。

And she explained with a poise and a clarity

她沉着并清晰地解释了

that other detainees didn't have, what her situation was.

其他被拘留人士并没有她的情况。

She had fled political violence in Nicaragua.

她从尼加拉瓜因政治暴力而逃跑。

The judge turned to the attorney representing Immigration Enforcement.

法官转向移民执法部门律师。

And the attorney, sensing the power of the case

这位律师, 感受着案件的力量,

but also the poise of the young woman

和年轻女士的沉着,

spoke very loudly and very aggressively.

大声并具有攻击性的发言。

And she accused this young woman of being a part of a "caravan"

她指控年轻女士是“拖车“的一部分,

that, in her words, stormed Mexico's southern border

用她的话说, 就是突袭了墨西哥南边的边境，

and put policemen and babies in harm's way.

并导致警察和婴儿处于危险境地。

And she angrily cited provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act

接着她愤怒地引用了 移民和国籍法的条款

and urged the judge to deny bond.

并力劝法官驳回保释。

In the face of this onslaught,

不顾这些猛攻,

this young woman,

这位年轻女士,

all this being translated into her headphones, was calm.

听着从耳机传来的翻译, 依然冷静。

And she answered those accusations and those concerns.

她并回答了那些指控和利害关系。

And she told the judge,

此外, 她也告诉法官,

"I fled political violence in Nicaragua."

“我因为政治暴力 才逃离尼加拉瓜。”

And then her voice rose

接下来, 她提高音量

and she leaned forward into the microphone and she said,

并向前靠近麦克风, 她说,

"I have been detained for six months,

“我已经被拘留了六个月,

and I left Nicaragua long before the caravans began.

我离开尼加拉瓜的时候 是远在拖车开始之前。

And the one thing that I want to do," she said, as she was leaning forward,

而我想做的唯一一件事,” 她说着, 同时往前靠,

"is to be with my family."

“是和我的家人在一起。”

The immigration attorney looked down.

移民律师低下头。

The judge, for the first time that morning, leaned back.

而法官, 那天早上的第一次, 往后靠。

He flipped through the file, asked a few more questions,

他翻阅档案, 问了几个问题,

and he granted this young woman a bond of 5,000 dollars.

然后准许这位女士 以 5 千元保释。

This young woman,

这位年轻女士,

who had been treated like a criminal by our immigration system,

曾经被我们的 移民系统像罪犯般对待,

who was afforded no legal representation,

无法负担法律代表,

who was unfairly accused of violence by the United States government,

被美国政府做不公正的暴力指控,

broke down in tears.

忍不住哭了。

And so did we.

我们也是。

Because, look, no migrant wants to leave their home.

因为, 看, 没有那个移民想离乡背井。

But because of violence, corruption, poverty, climate change,

但是由于暴力、腐败、 贫穷、气候变化,

record numbers of migrants are leaving their homes.

离开家乡的移民人数创新高。

But they're leaving with dignity.

但他们是带着尊严离开。

And whether it's a dangerous journey from Nicaragua to El Paso,

而无论从尼加拉瓜到埃尔帕索，

from Haiti to Del Rio,

从海地到德尔里奥，

or from Syria to Twin Falls,

或从叙利亚到双子瀑布的 旅程是否危险,

they are fighting at every step of the way to maintain their dignity.

他们都在每一步全力保持尊严。

Until they reach the United States border.

直到他们到达了美国的边境。

Because as I witnessed in that courtroom in El Paso,

正如我们在埃尔帕索的法庭所目睹,

it's our immigration system that strips the dignity from migrants.

是我们的移民系统剥夺了 移民人士的尊严。

So through our years of work at the National Immigration Forum,

通过国家移民论坛多年的工作,

through our work in conservative communities with pastors,

包括在保守社区和牧师、

police chiefs and business owners,

警官以及商人的共同工作,

we have come to believe very strongly

我们强烈相信

that the reconciliation of our nation of immigrants

国家移民的协调

does not begin in Washington, DC.

并不是在华盛顿开始。

The reconciliation of our nation of immigrants

我们国家移民的协调

begins in communities across the country.

始于全国不同的社区。

Because that is the only way

因为这才是唯一的方法

that we restore the dignity of the immigrants

让我们可以恢复移民的尊严

and the dignity of the country.

和国家的尊严。

So let me tell you about Storm Lake, Iowa.

我来讲讲爱荷华州 风暴湖市发生的事。

In 1989, two people started a journey that eventually took them to Storm Lake.

1989 年, 有两个人开始了一段旅程, 最后到了风暴湖市。

It's a small meat-processing town

那是在州的西北方的

in the northwestern part of the state.

一个肉类加工的小镇。

Maria Ramos at this time is 12 years old.

玛丽亚•拉莫斯当时 12 岁。

Her parents told her and her sisters

她的父母告诉她和姊妹们

that they are taking them to a beautiful place,

会带她们去一个美丽的地方,

and they're excited to leave their small village

她们很兴奋可以第一次

outside of Puerto Vallarta for the very first time.

离开在巴亚尔塔港外面的小村庄。

But it's a dangerous, and as she told me,

但是有危险, 而正如她告诉我的,

it's a sad and overwhelming journey.

这是一个悲伤且无法抗拒的旅程。

There are multiple times where they're told to hide.

有好几次他们被告之要藏起来。

There are multiple times

有好几次

when they're almost discovered by the authorities.

他们几乎被当局发现。

Because for Maria Ramos and her family,

因为对于玛丽亚•拉莫斯和家人来讲,

crossing borders meant that they crossed the US-Mexico border

跨越边境意味着在 1989 年徒步

in 1989 by foot.

跨越美国和墨西哥的边境。

2,000 miles later, and multiple vehicles,

经过 2000 英里之后, 换了几次车,

they finally made it to Northern California.

他们最终到了北加利福尼亚。

In 1989, Mark Prosser left East St. Louis

1989 年, 马克•普罗瑟 离开东圣路易斯

to drive 500 miles to Storm Lake, Iowa,

驾驶了 500 英里到 爱荷华州的风暴湖市,

where he began a 30-year-career as the chief of police.

在那里做了 30 年 警察局长的职业生涯。

Now, in the 80s and the 90s, Storm Lake is changing dramatically.

现在, 在八十年代和九十年代, 风暴湖市一直发生剧变。

There are two large meat-processing plants

那里有两个大型的肉类加工厂,

that are providing 75 percent of the region's jobs.

提供了该地区百分之 75 的就业。

That means that there is a large Laotian population,

这意味着当地有大量的老挝人口,

there's a large Vietnamese population,

有大量越南人口,

and there's a fast growing Latino population.

还有快速增长的拉丁人口。

In the early 90s, in fact, Maria Ramos moves to Storm Lake

九十年代初期, 玛丽亚•拉莫斯搬到风暴湖市

to be with her soon to be husband, who works in one of those facilities,

来跟她的未婚夫在一起， 他在其中一个设施工作,

and soon, Maria Ramos is a young, undocumented mother in Storm Lake.

很快, 玛丽亚•拉莫斯成为一个 在风暴湖市的年轻、无证明的母亲。

In 1996, seeing how the tension is building in Storm Lake

1996 年, 有鉴于风暴湖市 正在形成的紧张局势

and how these populations in these communities

和不同社区的居民之间

are starting to rub up against each other,

开始出现的相互摩擦，

Patrick Buchanan brings his presidential campaign to Storm Lake.

帕特里克•布坎南把总统选举工程 带到了风暴湖市。

And the nativist ire that comes with Patrick Buchanan.

随着帕特里克•布坎南 而来的是本土论者的怒火。

Lo and behold, three months later,

你瞧, 三个月之后,

Immigration Enforcement raids one of these facilities.

移民执法部门突袭了其中一个设施。

Maria Ramos, remember, an undocumented mother,

玛丽亚•拉莫斯, 记得吧, 无证明的母亲,

her husband detained at one of these facilities,

因为丈夫在其中一个设施被拘留了,

goes into hiding.

她藏了起来。

Chief Mark Prosser,

马克•普罗瑟局长,

seeing how the immigrant community of Storm Lake is treated,

见到风暴湖市的移民群体 遭受了怎样的对待,

penned like cattle,

像牛一样被关起来,

as the local newspaper editor told me,

当地报纸的编辑跟我说,

vowed never to work with Immigration Enforcement again.

发誓再也不和移民执法部门合作。

But regardless,

但不管怎样,

what's happened is that Storm Lake is suddenly the middle

风暴湖市发生的事情突然

of the nation's immigration debate.

成为全国移民辩论的中心。

And the leadership of Storm Lake is presented with a very clear choice.

风暴湖的领导层 可以看到很明确的选择。

They can go down the path that Patrick Buchanan gave them,

他们可以继续走帕特里克•布坎南 所提供的道路,

to nativism and fear and hate.

本土论、恐惧和憎恨。

Or they can try to find a path towards reconciliation and dignity.

或者他们可以找到一条新的道路, 趋向和解和尊严。

Chief Mark Prosser, to a large degree, led the effort

马克•普罗瑟局长, 在很大程度上,

to organize leadership of the town

带领并组织地方领导层

to go across the town, the county, the state, the country,

到镇、到郡、到州、到国家

and make the case that Storm Lake was safer,

用实例说明风暴湖市更安全,

it was growing, it was thriving because of immigrants and immigration.

它在成长, 它在发展, 因为移民的迁入。

And the other piece of this that's so remarkable,

有一件了不起的事情,

is that new leaders started to emerge in Storm Lake over this period of time.

这段时间在风暴湖市 开始出现了新的领导层。

In fact, it was Maria Ramos.

实际上, 那是玛丽亚•拉莫斯。

In 2019,

2019 年,

Maria Ramos decides she's going to run for Storm Lake City Council.

玛丽亚•拉莫斯决定 参加风暴湖市市政会的选举。

And she wins.

而且她赢了。

And she's supported by Mark Prosser and so many others from Storm Lake

马克•普罗瑟 和很多风暴湖市的人都支持她。

who've been fighting for immigrants and immigration

过去的几十年, 他们都一直为了移民人士在奋斗。

over these decades.

As Maria told the local paper,

玛丽亚和当地纸媒说,

"We needed woman representation

“我们需要女性做代表，

and what's better than a Latina woman?"

有甚么比一个 拉丁裔女性更好的呢?”

(Laughter)

(笑声)

And as I was sitting with her,

当我和她在一起的时候,

she told me,

她告诉我,

"I would not be able to do what I do if I had stayed in Mexico.

“如果我还留在墨西哥, 我不可能做到这些。

So I needed to step up

我需要站出来

and do something good for this country."

做一些有益这个国家的事情。”

Which ultimately is my message today.

这也是我今天最终想表达的一点。

We all need to step up and do something good for this country.

我们都需要站出来, 做一些有益这个国家的事情。

Because our character as individuals,

因为我们做为个人的特点,

our character as a nation,

我们作为国家的特点,

is determined to such a large extent

一定会到如此广泛的程度;

by the way that we treat immigrants and refugees,

通过我们对待移民和难民的方式，

regardless of their legal status.

并与他们的法律地位无关。

So together as a community,

作为一整个群体,

we need to bring the nation together around an immigration system

我们需要一起说服整个国家

that provides a path to citizenship for the undocumented.

让移民系统可以为无证人士 提供成为公民的出路。

So just like Maria Ramos can fully own the American dream as a US citizen,

正如玛丽亚•拉莫斯可以 做为美国公民去完全拥有美国梦,

so can the other 11 million undocumented immigrants.

其他一千一百万无证移民也可以。

We need to bring the nation together around a legal immigration system

我们需要一起说服整个国家

that provides pathways for legal entry

让合法移民系统 可以提供合法入境渠道,

so that families that follow the Ramos family

不要像拉莫斯家庭那样

don't have to pay cartels.

向团伙买路。

And yes, we as a nation need to come together

当然, 作为国家, 我们需要团结一致

around an enforcement system that keeps us safe and secure

建立让我们安全和稳固的执法系统,

but treats people compassionately.

但也要富有同情心地对人。

The policy questions at their core are easy,

用政策质疑他们的核心很容易,

they're simple, straightforward.

他们简单、直接。

Reconciling our communities, our culture, our politics,

协调我们的群体、文化、政治，

are more difficult.

更为困难。

But what we've seen across the country is that across religion, across race,

但我们已经 见到在全国不分宗教、种族、

ethnicity, across politics, across gender,

族群、政治、性别,

people are doing this work, and it is heroic.

人们都在努力做这件事, 多么宏大。

In Twin Falls, Idaho,

在爱达荷州的双子瀑布市,

you have conservative dairymen working with immigrants and refugees,

已经有传统乳业工人 与移民和难民一起工作,

some from Syria,

有些来自叙利亚,

to convene pastors, police chiefs and business owners

还召集了牧师、警察局长和商人

to create a unity alliance around immigration

在保守的爱达荷州南部

in conservative southern Idaho.

建立了围绕移民的统一联盟。

Across the country, you have conservative and moderate evangelical women

在全国范围, 保守女性和温和女性教徒

working together to welcome Afghan families

一起欢迎阿富汗家庭

into their communities, into their churches.

加入她们的社区, 她们的教堂。

But more than that, these women are sitting together

不仅如此, 这些女性济济一堂

to return to their Bible

阅读圣经，

and ask themselves the question,

并问自己,

"How do I truly welcome this stranger?"

“我怎样真正去欢迎这些陌生人呢？”

In the past, I would have said that these are unlikely allies,

在过去, 我会说, 她们不可能成为盟友,

you know, working together for immigrant justice.

共同争取移民公正。

But what I've seen over the last ten years through our work,

但过去十年我已经见到我们的工作,

what we do on a day-to-day basis,

我们日复一日的工作,

leads me to believe that this is slowly but surely becoming the norm.

让我相信慢慢 但肯定的是这会成为常态。

Because as my friend Ai-jen Poo,

因为正如我的朋友爱仁普,

who founded the National Domestic Workers Alliance, told me,

她建立了全国国内工人联盟, 告诉我的,

she said that there are no unlikely allies

她说谈及人类的尊严

in the stories of human dignity.

就没有不可能的联盟。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

(掌声)