4 Proven Ways to Kick Your Procrastination Habit | Ayelet Fishbach | TED

71,400 views ・ 2023-02-27

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: λ„μ˜ ν•œ κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:04
Summer break has ended for many of us
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ” 여름 νœ΄κ°€κ°€ λλ‚˜μ„œ
00:06
and you are back at work or at school
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직μž₯μ΄λ‚˜ ν•™κ΅λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ 
00:09
and have many goals you want to accomplish.
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μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κ³  싢은 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μž”λœ© μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
This might be a time of motivational struggle.
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μ΄μ œλŠ” 동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ λ…Έλ ₯ν•  μ‹œκ°„μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
You find yourself having trouble doing your work,
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일도 ν•˜κ³  μš΄λ™λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
00:17
exercising and eating healthily,
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κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ 먹기도 μ‹€μ²œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ° μž˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„
00:20
so you blame yourself for not having more willpower
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μ˜μ§€λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κ³  자주 λ―Έλ£¨λŠ”
00:22
or for procrastinating too much.
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자기 μžμ‹ μ„ νƒ“ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
According to behavioral science,
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행동 과학에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€
00:28
you can stop worrying about your willpower
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μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜μ§€λ ₯ 뢀쑱을 더 이상 κ³ λ―Όν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ 되며
00:30
and quit calling yourself β€œprocrastinator.”
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μžμ‹ μ„ β€˜μΌμ„ λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒβ€™μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ„ λœλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
To stay motivated,
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지속적인 동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것은
00:34
you need to change your circumstances and outlook,
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 성격이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό 관점을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
not your personality.
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00:40
I'm Ayelet Fishback, a behavioral scientist at the University of Chicago.
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μ €λŠ” 아일렛 ν”Όμ‹œλ°±μ΄κ³  μ‹œμΉ΄κ³  λŒ€μ—μ„œ 행동 과학을 μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
I've been studying what it takes to be successful in goal pursuit
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μ €λŠ” 성곡적인 λͺ©ν‘œ μ„±μ·¨λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 무엇이 ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄
00:48
for over 20 years as an academic, a parent and an immigrant.
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20λ…„ λ„˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
ν•™λ¬Έμ μœΌλ‘œ, λΆ€λͺ¨μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ, 이민자의 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
00:53
I've also struggled with motivation myself.
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λ˜ν•œ 슀슀둜 동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Let me offer a few interventions
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 직μž₯μ΄λ‚˜ 학ꡐ, ν˜Ήμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ
00:58
that can increase your productivity at work, school and beyond.
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생산성을 ν–₯상할 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 방법을 μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
When monitoring progress,
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진행 과정을 점검할 λ•Œ
01:05
looking back is often the way to move forward.
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μ§€λ‚˜μ˜¨ 과정을 λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 것은 μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€λŠ” ν”ν•œ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
For any goal, you can look back at what you have achieved,
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λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 것이든 간에 아직 무엇이 λ‚¨μ•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ‚΄λ‹€λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
01:12
as well as forward at what is still left to do.
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μ§€κΈˆκ» μ„±μ·¨ν•΄μ˜¨ 것듀을 λŒμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
When Minjung Koo and I surveyed people standing in a long line
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ν•œκ΅­ 놀이 κ³΅μ›μ—μ„œ 놀이 기ꡬλ₯Ό 타렀고 쀄을 길게 μ„œμ„œ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
01:19
for an amusement park ride in South Korea,
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ꡬ민정 씨와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ„€λ¬Έ 쑰사λ₯Ό ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:22
we found that when they looked back and saw how far they'd come,
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μ°¨λ‘€λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λ©΄μ„œ λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³΄κ³  λ‚΄κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆνΌ μ™”λŠ”μ§€ μΈμ‹ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:26
they were more motivated to wait.
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κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬κ² λ‹€λŠ” 동기가 더 μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Back at the University of Chicago, when uncommitted students look back
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μ‹œμΉ΄κ³  λŒ€ν•™μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°€μ„œ, 아직 μ§„λ‘œλ₯Ό κ²°μ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 학생듀이
01:32
at the materials that they have already covered for a final exam,
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기말고사λ₯Ό λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•œ 것을 λ‹€μ‹œ ν›‘μ–΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ
01:36
their motivation to keep studying increased.
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학업을 μ΄μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λ €λŠ” 동기가 κ°•ν™”λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Beware of long middles.
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λͺ©ν‘œμ— 이λ₯΄λŠ” κΈ΄ 쀑간 과정을 μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:42
We call it the middle problem.
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이λ₯Ό 쀑간 문제라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
We are highly motivated at the beginning,
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” μ˜μš•μ΄ λ„˜μ³μ„œ
01:47
we want to reach our goal and we want to do it right.
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λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•΄λ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Over time, our motivation declines as we lose steam.
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ μ˜μš•μ€ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  κ·ΈλŸ¬λ©΄μ„œ 열정도 μ‹κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
To the extent that our goal has a clear end point,
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ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό μ·¨λ“ν•˜κ³  μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
01:58
as in the case of graduating with a diploma,
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λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ λͺ…ν™•ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
02:01
our motivation will pick up again toward the end.
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λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 동기가 λ‹€μ‹œ 생길 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
In one experiment,
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리마 ν‹ΈλŸ¬λ¦¬ 씨와 같이 ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ
02:06
Rima TourΓ©-Tillery and I found that people literally cut corners
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 과제λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 일뢀λ₯Ό μž˜λΌλ‚Έλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
in the middle of a project.
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02:13
We handed our participants a pair of scissors
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μ €ν¬λŠ” μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°€μœ„λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ μ£Όκ³ 
02:15
and asked them to cut out several identical shapes with many corners.
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λ™μΌν•œ λ‹€κ°ν˜•λ“€μ„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 개 μž˜λΌλ‚΄λ‹¬λΌκ³  μš”μ²­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
They cut through more corners in the middle of the task.
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μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ€ 과제λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•΄ κ°€λ©΄μ„œ λ”μš± λ§Žμ€ 각듀을 μž˜λΌλƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
This solution?
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ν•΄κ²°ν•  방법이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
02:26
Keep middles short.
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쀑간 절차λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
A weekly healthy eating goal is better than a monthly eating healthy goal
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ν•œ μ£Ό λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이
ν•œ 달 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
as it offers fewer days to cheat on your diet.
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λͺ©ν‘œμ— μ–΄κΈ‹λ‚˜λ”λΌλ„ 볡ꡬ할 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ 더 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
It's hard to learn from feedback, especially negative one.
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ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—μ„œ, 특히 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Emotionally, failure bruises the ego.
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감정적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ‹€νŒ¨λŠ” μžμ‘΄μ‹¬μ„ μƒν•˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
We tune out, missing the information feedback offers.
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μ™Έλ©΄ν•˜κ³  ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 정보λ₯Ό 놓쳐 λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Cognitively, people also struggle.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 인지적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ 어렀움을 κ²ͺμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
The information in negative feedback is less direct
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μ •λ³΄λŠ” 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—μ„œ
긍정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—μ„œλ³΄λ‹€ 덜 μ§μ ‘μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
than the information in positive feedback.
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02:57
Whereas success points us to a winning strategy,
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μ„±κ³΅μ—μ„œλŠ” 성곡 μš”μΈμ„ λ°”λ‘œ 배울 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:00
from failure, people need to infer what not to do.
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μ‹€νŒ¨μ—μ„œλŠ” 무엇을 ν•˜μ§€ 말아야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μœ μΆ”ν•  μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
To increase learning from negative feedback,
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
03:07
try giving advice to others who might be struggling with a similar problem.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 문제둜 νž˜λ“€μ–΄ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 쑰언을 ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:13
Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Angela Duckworth and I found that when students,
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둜런 μ—μŠ€ν¬λ ˆμŠ€-윈클러 박사와 앀저라 λ”ν¬μ›ŒμŠ€ ꡐ수 그리고 μ €λŠ”
학생듀과 κ΅¬μ§μžλ“€, 과체쀑인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:17
job seekers and overweight individuals
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03:20
gave others advice on how to succeed in studying,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 곡뢀λ₯Ό 잘 ν•˜λŠ” 법과
κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€κ³Ό 일자리 찾기에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰언을 ν•  λ•Œ
03:24
finding a job and eating healthily,
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03:26
they were more motivated to follow through.
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λκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄λ‚΄λ €λŠ” μ˜μ§€κ°€ 더 강화됨을 λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Support intrinsic motivation.
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내적 동기λ₯Ό 잘 ν‚€μ›Œλ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
03:33
You're intrinsically motivated when you pursue an activity
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κ·Έ 자체둜 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™œλ™λ“€μ„ ν•  λ•Œ
03:36
that feels like an end in itself.
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내적 동기가 μžκ·Ήμ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
You do something for the sake of doing it.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 그것을 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 무언가λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ§€μš”.
03:42
If you wish you had a few more minutes to finish your walk by the end of the day,
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ν•˜λ£¨κ°€ κ°€κΈ° 전에
ν•  일을 끝내기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ’€ 더 있길 λ°”λžλ‹€λ©΄
03:46
you're intrinsically motivated.
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내적 동기가 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
If you can't wait to go home, you aren't.
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μ‘°κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ 빨리 집에 κ°€κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ 그렇지 μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμ΄κ³ μš”.
03:53
To increase intrinsic motivation,
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내적 동기λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
03:56
start with selecting activities that you enjoy pursuing.
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λ¨Όμ € 즐겁게 계속할 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™œλ™λ“€μ„ μ°Ύμ•„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:59
A workout that you actually enjoy
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ¦κΈ°λŠ” μš΄λ™μ€
04:02
is more likely to become part of your routine.
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μΌμƒμ˜ ν•œ 뢀뢄이 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Often people choose the wrong activity.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 잘λͺ»λœ ν™œλ™μ„ μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
In an experiment, Kaitlin Woolley and I asked people to choose
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케이틀린 μšΈλ¦¬μ™€ μ €λŠ” ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
04:12
between listening to the song β€œHey Jude” by the Beatles
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λΉ„ν‹€μ¦ˆμ˜ λ…Έλž˜ β€˜Hey Jude’와 큰 μ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ μ•ŒλžŒμ„ λ“£λŠ” 것 쀑
04:16
and listening to a loud alarm.
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선택해보라고 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
04:18
Seems like an obvious choice, right?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 무엇을 선택할지 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜μ£ ?
04:21
But the majority of the people chose the alarm because it paid more.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ•ŒλžŒμ„ νƒν–ˆλŠ”λ° 보상을 더 많이 μ£Όμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
04:26
Later, these people regretted their choice.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— μžμ‹ μ˜ 선택을 ν›„νšŒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
Whether you look back, cut the middle, give advice, support intrinsic motivation,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³΄λ“ , 쀑간 과정을 μž˜λΌλ‚΄λ“ ,
λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μΆ©κ³ λ₯Ό ν•˜λ“ , λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•˜λ“ 
04:36
keep in mind,
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λͺ…심할 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
success does not require changing yourself.
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성곡을 μœ„ν•΄ μžμ‹ μ„ 바꾸지 μ•Šμ•„λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
To stop procrastinating,
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λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ μ—†μ• λ €λ©΄
04:44
modify your situation and outlook.
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상황과 관점을 λ°”κΎΈμ„Έμš”.
04:48
Whitney Pennington Rodgers: Thank you so much, that was wonderful.
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νœ˜νŠΈλ‹ˆ νŒ¨λ‹ν„΄ λ‘œμ €μŠ€: κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 정말 μ’‹μ•˜μ•„μš”.
λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 것 쀑에 쑰금 더 μ•Œκ³  싢은 것듀이 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
04:52
And I'd love to get into some of the pieces that you suggested.
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04:56
I think maybe one place to really start is this idea of intrinsic motivation.
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그쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄μž¬μ  λ™κΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
So could you talk a little bit about intrinsic motivation?
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λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 말씀해 μ£Όμ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
05:03
What is it and why is it so important?
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그게 무엇이고 μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œμ§€μš”?
05:06
AF: Yes, intrinsic motivation is critical for success,
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AF: λ‚΄μž¬μ  λ™κΈ°λŠ” 성곡에 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
because intrinsic motivation is the things
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내적 λ™κΈ°μ•Όλ§λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” ν™œλ™μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
05:14
that we are getting from doing the activity.
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얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
An activity is purely intrinsically motivating
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ν™œλ™μ΄ κ·Έ 자체둜 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ 될 λ•Œ
κ·Έ ν™œλ™μ€ μˆœμˆ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚΄μž¬μ μΈ 동기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
when it's an end in itself,
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05:23
when it doesn't even make sense to ask, "Why do I do it?"
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β€˜λ‚΄κ°€ 이걸 μ™œ ν•˜λ‚˜β€™ν•˜λŠ” 의문이 λ“€ λ•Œμ‘°μ°¨λ„
05:25
I do it because I like doing it.
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β€˜λ‚΄κ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒβ€™λΌλŠ” 마음으둜 ν•΄λ‚Ό 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Well, when we try to motivate ourselves,
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슀슀둜 동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œλ©΄
05:31
usually we have some goals that are not purely intrinsically motivating.
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보톡 μˆœμˆ˜ν•œ λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기에 κΈ°μΈν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
Like, I need to finish this project at work,
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νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ 업무λ₯Ό 끝내야 ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
05:39
or I need to study for this class.
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μˆ˜μ—… 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
05:42
But still, there is some level of intrinsic motivation.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜λ„ λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기가 μ–΄λŠ 정도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
It might be interesting, OK?
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ ν₯λ―Έ μžˆλŠ” 일일 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
05:47
It might be fun.
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재미 μžˆλŠ” 일일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고 νž˜μ„ μ£ΌλŠ” 일일 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
05:50
It might be energizing.
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05:51
And the more I feel like doing this thing is an end in itself,
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ν•˜λŠ” 일이 λͺ©ν‘œ κ·Έ 자체라고 λŠλ‚„μˆ˜λ‘
05:57
the more motivated people are going to be.
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λ”μš± 적극적으둜 μž„ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
Now, let me also add that this is not intuitive for people.
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이것은 직관적이지 μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 점을 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:06
I've mentioned that when we ask people to choose between two activities,
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μ•žμ„  μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ, 두 가지 쀑 ν•œ ν™œλ™μ„ μ„ νƒν•˜κ²Œ ν•  λ•Œ
06:10
they went for the activity that paid more
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ κΎΈμ€€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ 
06:13
and not for the one that they were more likely to enjoy
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 즐길 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™œλ™μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
06:16
and actually stick at that job later.
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κΈˆμ „μ μΈ 이득이 더 큰 ν™œλ™μ„ μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
We see that there are two mispredictions.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” 두 가지 였λ₯˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
People think that other people don't care
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
06:26
about intrinsic motivation as much as they do,
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μžμ‹ λ§ŒνΌ λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기λ₯Ό 많이 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°,
06:29
and they think that they themselves will not care about intrinsic motivation
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μžμ‹ μ΄ λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 관심을 κ°–λŠ” 것보닀
06:33
as much as they end up caring.
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관심을 덜 κ°–λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
And that can explain a lot of the professional choices
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이런 였λ₯˜λŠ” 잘λͺ»λœ μš΄λ™ 방법을 μ„ νƒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
06:39
that we make that are not ideal,
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잘λͺ»λœ 건강식을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” λ“±,
06:42
choosing the wrong workout regimen,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” 이상적이지 μ•Šμ€ 전문적 μ„ νƒλ“€μ˜ 이유λ₯Ό
06:46
the wrong healthy diet for ourselves
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λ§Žμ€ λΆ€λΆ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
because we don't quite appreciate how important it is
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λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μˆ˜λ‹¨μΌ 뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έ 자체둜 λͺ©μ μΈ 것을 μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 것이
06:53
to choose something that is not only a means to an end,
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맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
06:57
but also feels like the end by itself.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 잘 λͺ¨λ₯΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
WPR: Since we're talking about some of the things you shared in the talk,
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WPR: μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 것에 κ΄€ν•΄ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ λ΄€λŠ”λ°μš”,
07:05
I'd love to also go back to another piece you mentioned there,
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 것 쀑 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 뢀뢄인
뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ—¬μ­™κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
which is just about negative feedback.
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은 쉽지 μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
And you said that it's hard for people to learn from negative feedback.
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07:14
So could you talk a little bit more about that and what sort of feedback,
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이 뢀뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄ 쑰금 더 말씀해 μ£Όμ‹œκ³ 
μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ…¨λ˜ 긍정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„
07:19
how we can lean more into this,
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07:21
the positive feedback as you describe?
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말씀해 μ£Όμ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:24
AF: Absolutely.
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AF: λ¬Όλ‘ μ΄μ§€μš”.
07:25
So let me first say that I don't say
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μš°μ„ , 제 말은
뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ— μ˜μ–‘κ°€κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 말이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
that there is not much in negative feedback.
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07:32
There is.
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μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:33
There are important lessons in negative feedback.
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ—λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
However, it's hard to learn those lessons.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그런 κ΅ν›ˆμ„ λ°°μš°κΈ°λŠ” 쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
And it's hard, first, because emotionally, negative feedback feels bad.
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μš°μ„ , 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ κ°μ •μ μœΌλ‘œ 기뢄이 λ‚˜μ˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
So we disengage, we tune out.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅ν›ˆμ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³  관심을 κΊΌλ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
In one of the studies that we ran,
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저희가 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ—μ„œ
07:52
we found that people don't remember the feedback
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκ³ 
07:55
and don't even remember their answer when it's negative.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ 뭐라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ‘°μ°¨ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
They just disengage with a task, they don't learn.
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κ·Έ μΌμ—μ„œ 손을 떼버리고 배우렀 듀지 μ•Šμ§€μš”.
08:02
The other reason that it's harder to learn from negative feedback
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뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 λ°°μš°κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ”
08:06
is much more cognitive.
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인지적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 훨씬 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
It's not what we expected to hear.
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ“£λŠ” 일은 μ˜ˆμƒμ„ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:11
And so, you know, if you did something,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄
08:13
expecting something to happen and then it happened,
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그에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν–ˆλ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
like, you kind of had a prediction
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즉, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ„ ν•˜κ³ 
08:18
that was supported with what later happened,
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κ·Έ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μ€ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ°œμƒν•œ 일둜 κ°•ν™”λ˜κ³  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έκ±Έ κΈ°μ–΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
and you remember it.
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뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ°›λŠ” 것은 λŒ€κ°œ 예츑 λ°–μ˜ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
When you get negative feedback, it's often not what you expected.
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08:26
And that can be a very confusing experience for people.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 맀우 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ κ²½ν—˜μ„ ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ§€μš”.
08:30
And so they just don't learn.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ°°μš°μ§€ μ•Šμ•„λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:32
It is cognitively a harder task to learn from what's not.
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ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” 것을 톡해 λ°°μš°λŠ” 것은 인지적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 더 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:37
It's learning by elimination.
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μ†Œκ±°λ₯Ό 톡해 λ°°μš°λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
08:40
So negative feedback is important.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 뢀정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
There are often unique lessons in negative feedback,
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ€ λŒ€κ°œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
not to mention that if we don't learn from negative feedback,
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λ§Œμ•½ 뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ†“μΉ˜λ©΄
08:50
we're probably missing just a lot of the information that is out there.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 정보듀을 λ†“μΉœλ‹€λŠ” 사싀은 말할 것도 μ—†κ³ μš”.
08:54
And so we need to be able to do that.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 배울 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
And I mentioned giving advice,
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뢀정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 배울 수 μžˆλŠ” μ „λž΅ 방법 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ
08:59
like, one of the strategies that we can use to learn from negative feedback.
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μ‘°μ–Έν•˜κΈ°μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έμ§€μš”.
09:04
We also need to realize
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λ˜ν•œ 긍정적 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해
09:05
that it is so much easier to learn from positive feedback.
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λ°°μš°κΈ°κ°€ 훨씬 μ‰½λ‹€λŠ” 점을 깨달을 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
So, you know, whenever we can teach someone through positive feedback,
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긍정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 톡해 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:13
they are probably going to be more attentive
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 더 잘 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  더 잘 배울 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
and better able to learn.
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09:18
WPR: And you talk about that in the way of giving advice
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WPR: 쑰언을 μ£ΌλŠ” 것을 톡해
μƒλŒ€λ°©μ„ 긍정적 μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 움직일 수 있고
09:21
and that sort of, puts you in the space of thinking positively towards someone
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09:26
and maybe potentially receiving more positive feedback yourself.
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μž μž¬μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 슀슀둜 λ”μš± 긍정적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜μ…¨μ§€μš”.
09:30
AF: Yes, and not only it puts you in a position of power
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AF: λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ΄λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μœ λ¦¬ν•œ μž…μž₯에 μ„€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λ©°
ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄ μ£Όκ³ 
09:37
and doing something useful for the feedback,
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09:39
helping another person,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 도움도 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
it also forces you to think about what you have learned, OK?
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λ˜ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ°°μ› λ˜ 것듀을 λŒμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
I know when we ask people to give advice,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 쑰언을 κ΅¬ν•˜λ©΄
09:48
in particular people that are struggling,
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특히 νž˜λ“  상황에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 쑰언을 κ΅¬ν•˜λ € ν•˜λ©΄
09:51
their immediate response is like, "What do I know?"
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κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ³§λ°”λ‘œ λ§ν•˜μ£ .
β€œμ €λŠ” μ•„λŠ” 게 μ—†λŠ”λ°μš”.”
09:54
"Why would you ask me?
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β€œμ™œ μ €ν•œν…Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” κ±°μ£ ? μ €λŠ” 직업도 μ—†λŠ”λ°μš”.”
09:56
I'm unemployed."
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09:57
Well, not me, but the person we are asking.
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μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
"I'm unemployed,
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β€œμ €λŠ” 직업도 μ—†λŠ”λ° μ™œ 제게 ꡬ직 방법을 λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” κ±°μ£ ?”
10:01
Why would you ask me about how to get a job?"
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10:04
And you kind of need to remind them,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 상기할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
"Well, you know how to get a job because you've been doing that,
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β€œμ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 취직할 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ§€κΈˆκ» ν•΄ μ™”μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ 잘 μ•„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”.
10:11
because you've been struggling."
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄ 온 μΌμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.”
10:13
And that forces the person to think about what they have learned.
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그러면 μƒλŒ€λ°©μ€ λ°°μ› λ˜ 것을 돌이켜 λ³Ό 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:17
And so we're kind of tackling both the emotional barrier to learning
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μ„ μœ„ν•œ 감정적 μž₯λ²½κ³Ό
10:22
and the cognitive barrier to learning.
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인지적 μž₯λ²½ λ‘˜ λ‹€λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦΄ 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
WPR: We have a question here from TED Member Mariam.
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WPR: μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” TED νšŒμ›μΈ λ§ˆλ¦¬μ•” λ‹˜μ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:27
They ask, "How do we find perseverance and grit
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 꿈과 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ
10:30
for the dreams and goals that take time?"
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 인내와 열정을 μœ μ§€ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:32
So how do we redefine the timelines
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ 일정을 μž¬μ‘°μ •ν•΄μ„œ 우리 삢에 μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
10:34
and bring that into our life?
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10:37
AF: Oh, Mariam, that’s a real problem, right?
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AF: 였, λ§ˆλ¦¬μ•” λ‹˜, 정말 ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄κ΅°μš”.
10:39
Because ...
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고민의 μ΄μœ κ°€...
10:41
Because of the middle problem, right?
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쀑간 κ³Όμ • λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”?
10:43
Because we are excited when we start on something,
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무언가 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ μ—λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ λ„˜μΉ˜κ³ 
10:45
we are excited when we are about to achieve an important milestone
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ„±μ·¨ λ˜λŠ” ꢁ극적인 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 달성할 μ‹œμ μ΄ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€λ©΄
10:50
or the ultimate goal.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν₯뢄에 νœ©μ‹Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:53
And in the middle, we lose steam.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘κ°„μ―€μ—μ„œλŠ” 동λ ₯이 떨어지죠.
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 동기λ₯Ό μžƒκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
We lose our motivation.
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10:58
And what I would say is, break your goal into sub-goals.
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μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것은
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό ν•˜μœ„ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
Saving for retirement is, you know, my ultimate example.
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은퇴 자금 λ§ˆλ ¨μ„ 예둜 보면
11:09
Saving for retirement is really a hard goal
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μ΄λŠ” 맀우 νž˜λ“  λͺ©ν‘œμΈλ°μš”,
11:13
because you need to start working on this goal
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μ€ν‡΄λΌλŠ” 쒅착지가 ν•œμ°Έ 남은 μ‹œμ μ—
11:16
when you are so far from completing the goal, OK?
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이 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 움직이기 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
11:20
When it seems like it's going to be a different person,
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 될 것 κ°™κ³ 
11:23
that they don't really know that you would benefit from pursuing this goal.
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이 λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 도움이 될지 잘 와닿지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
But you can think about your annual savings,
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그런데 μ—°κ°„ 저좕앑을 λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
전체 μ €μΆ• κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:30
how much did you save this year for retirement,
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11:33
not how much you're going to save in total.
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μ˜¬ν•΄λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ₯Ό μ €μΆ•ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
11:36
Exercising goal.
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μš΄λ™ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„ΈμšΈ λ•ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
11:37
People talk about a weekly exercising goal.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ£Όκ°„ μš΄λ™ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:40
Now, clearly you do not just want to exercise this week.
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λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 이번 주만 μš΄λ™ν•  것은 μ•„λ‹ˆκ² μ§€μš”.
11:45
You will have that goal again next week.
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λ‹€μŒ 주에도 κ·Έ μš΄λ™ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μ„Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:49
Well, you set the weekly exercise goal so it has a beginning and an end
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μ£Όκ°„ μš΄λ™ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„Έμš°λ©΄ μ‹œμž‘κ³Ό 끝이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  것이고
11:54
and very short middle.
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μ΄λ•Œ 쀑간 과정은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ§§μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
School is an interesting one
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ν•™κ΅λŠ” μ’€ ν₯λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:00
because it is actually easier in higher education
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사싀 κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 더 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œ ν•΄λ₯Ό
12:04
where we break the year more clearly into terms which are relatively short.
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 짧은 ν•™κΈ°λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„κΈ°κ°€ 더 쉽기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:10
So there is not much of a middle.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 쀑간 과정이 κ½€ μ§§μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
And for kids, they have the long year,
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” ν•œ ν•΄κ°€ κΈΈμ–΄μ„œ 쉽지 μ•Šμ€λ°μš”,
12:16
which is kind of hard,
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12:17
like, you start in September so maybe you are excited on the first week
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아이듀이 9μ›” ν•™κΈ°λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 첫 μ£Όμ—λŠ” 열정이 λ„˜μΉ  ν…Œκ³ 
12:21
and then you will be again excited in June
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6μ›”μ―€ 되면 λ‹€μ‹œ 힘이 λ‚  텐데
12:24
when the school year is about to end.
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ν•™κΈ°κ°€ 곧 λλ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:26
But there's such a long middle.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쀑간 과정이 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
Break it into a weekly goal,
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λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ£Ό λ‹¨μœ„λ‚˜ ν•œ 달 λ‹¨μœ„λ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ„μ„Έμš”.
12:31
a monthly goal,
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12:32
something that has a short middle and that is not long-term.
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쀑간 과정이 짧아지도둝 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:37
People are not good at pursuing something where the benefits are very far.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쀑μž₯기적인 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
WPR: I mean, in your research,
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WPR: μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
12:45
have you found that people of different backgrounds, you know,
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μ—°λ Ήμ΄λ‚˜ 성별, 인쒅 λ“±
12:50
by age or gender or race,
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배경이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:53
that they experience motivation differently
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동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό 각기 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ κ²½ν—˜ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
12:57
or that there are certain strategies that are more helpful?
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더 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ „λž΅μ„ 가진 κ²½μš°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‚˜μš”?
13:03
AF: There is a lot of research on developmental effects.
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AF: λ°œλ‹¬ κ΄€λ ¨ νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:07
You brought up several other variables that just get me thinking
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μ œκ°€ κ³ λ €ν•  λ§Œν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ³€μˆ˜λ“€μ„ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°μš”,
13:11
in like, ten different directions right now.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ°©ν–₯이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜λ‹ˆ
13:14
So let me focus on the age.
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μš°μ„  λ‚˜μ΄μ— 집쀑해 보도둝 ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:17
There are some really interesting developmental effects.
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λ°œλ‹¬ νš¨κ³Όμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄ 맀우 ν₯미둜운 점이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
13:21
Self-control develops with age,
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자제λ ₯은 λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ“€λ©΄μ„œ λ°œλ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:24
so the ability to put aside something
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λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯ λ˜ν•œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
because there is something more important that you want to do,
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ν•˜κ³  싢은 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이 있기 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ 텐데
13:31
that's something that develops into your 20s
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20λŒ€λ‘œ μ ‘μ–΄ λ“€λ©΄μ„œ λ°œλ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
and that suggests that maybe there is another reason
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 10λŒ€λ“€μ„
13:40
why we should stop calling our teenagers β€œprocrastinators”
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β€˜μΌμ„ λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” μžβ€™λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄μ§€ 말아야 ν•˜κ³ 
13:45
and blaming them for lack of self-control.
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자제λ ₯이 μ—†λ‹€κ³  νƒ“ν•˜μ§€ 말아야 ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
They are still developing it.
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10λŒ€μ˜ μžκΈ°ν†΅μ œλ ₯은 λ°œμ „ 쀑에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
At a later age,
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ 더 λ“€κ²Œ 되면
13:53
we see that as people's resources,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이λ₯Ό λŠ₯λ ₯으둜 λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:57
our physical resources are on the decline,
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우리 신체 λŠ₯λ ₯은 μ‡ ν‡΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
14:03
then there are new challenges.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 도전 κ³Όμ œκ°€ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:05
And I briefly touch the idea
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μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€ κ°„ νƒ€ν˜‘μ μ„ μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œκ°€ ν”ν•˜κ³ 
14:08
that you often need to find a compromise between several goals,
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λ™μ‹œμ— μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ„ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 생각해야 ν•  λ•Œλ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°
14:12
and you need to think about how you pursue several goals at the same time.
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이λ₯Ό κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:17
In research, we often look at this in terms of finding activities
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μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 보톡 이λ₯Ό 발견 행동 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 바라보고
14:22
and we refer to them as multi-final.
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이λ₯Ό 닀쀑 λͺ©μ μ΄λΌ λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:25
They achieve more than one goal.
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μ΄λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 두 가지 이상 μ„±μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:27
It's like, my example is
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μ €μ˜ 경우,
14:30
bringing lunch from home to your office.
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νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ 먹을 점심을 μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ‹Έκ°€λŠ”λ°
건강에도 더 μ’‹κ³  점심 μ‹œκ°„λ„ μ ˆμ•½ν•΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
This is healthier and saves you time
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14:40
and it's often better food, at least for me, OK?
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그리고 μ΅œμ†Œν•œ μ €μ—κ²ŒλŠ”, λŒ€κ°œ 더 λ‚˜μ€ μŒμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:43
So you achieve several goals at the same time.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ— μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:47
With older age,
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λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
14:49
often you need to give more thought into how to choose activities
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό ꡐλ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” ν™œλ™λ“€μ„
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 선택할지 더 깊게 생각해야 ν•  λ•Œκ°€ ν”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:54
that allow you to interact with other people
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14:57
while also getting your daily exercise,
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맀일 μš΄λ™λ„ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
15:00
while also maybe enjoying the fresh air outside,
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ν˜Ήμ€ λ°–μ—μ„œ μ‹ μ„ ν•œ 곡기도 μ¬λ©΄μ„œ
15:05
just bringing more to the same activity
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같은 ν™œλ™μ„ ν•˜λ”λΌλ„ 더 λ§Žμ€ 것을 μ–»μ–΄ 갈 수 μžˆλ„λ‘μš”.
15:08
because maybe there's just less resources.
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우리의 μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ—λ„ˆμ§€κ°€ 점점 쀄기 λ•Œλ¬ΈμΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
We also see that you need to drop some goals in your life.
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μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λ©΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ€ 포기해야 ν•  λ•Œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
And you know, we always drop goals when they are no longer useful for us.
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또, ν•΄λ‹Ή λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ μ“Έλͺ¨ 없어지면 κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ€ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 포기 λŒ€μƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
15:23
So maybe you used to run
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μ „μ—λŠ” 달리기λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ°€λ„
15:26
and at one point that didn't feel right for your body,
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그것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺΈμ— λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ” μˆœκ°„,
15:31
you were able to do it and you had to switch to a different exercise.
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달릴 수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μš΄λ™μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
15:35
And people often have crises when they need to switch
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ©ν‘œλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œ
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λŒ€κ°œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ²ͺμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
from one goal to another,
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15:41
but goals need to be dropped.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ€ 포기해야 ν•˜μ§€μš”.
15:45
WPR: Well, TED Member Ron asks a question about progress.
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WPR: μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” TED νšŒμ›μΈ 둠이 β€˜μ§„λ³΄β€™μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:50
They want to know,
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β€™μ§€λ‚œμ£Ό λ˜λŠ” μ§€λ‚œλ‹¬μ„ λŒμ•„λ³΄κ³ 
15:51
β€œWhat do you do if you look back over the last week or month,
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μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•΄λ‚Έ 것듀에 μ‹€λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
15:54
and you're disappointed in the progress you've made.
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15:57
How do you move forward from that feeling?"
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그런 기뢄을 λ–¨μΉ˜κ³  μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?’
16:00
AF: So you can choose whether to look back or to look forward, Ron, right?
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AF: λ‘ , μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ’€λ₯Ό λŒμ•„λ³Όμ§€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°ˆμ§€λ₯Ό κ³ λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
At any point, it's completely up to you.
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μ–΄λ–€ μˆœκ°„μ΄λ“  κ·Έ 결정은 μ˜¨μ „νžˆ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:08
You can look at what you achieved.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ μ„±μ·¨ν•œ 것을 λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ 있고
16:10
You can look at what is still missing.
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아직 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 뢀뢄을 λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:14
And you can kind of try to see what’s motivating for you.
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그리고 우리λ₯Ό μ›€μ§μ΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 무엇인지 확인해 λ³Ό μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€μš”.
μžμ‹ μ΄ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ ν•΄λ‚Έ 것듀에 μ‹€λ§ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
16:20
If you are disappointed with the progress that you have made,
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16:23
now you have the choice how to frame your disappointment.
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싀망을 μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 해석할지 선택할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:29
Is it lack of commitment or lack of progress?
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λ…Έλ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ‚˜μš” μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ„±κ³Όκ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ‚˜μš”?
16:33
Now let's think about it.
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이제 ν•œλ²ˆ 생각해 보죠.
16:34
If it's lack of progress,
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μ„±κ³Όκ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
16:36
then, you know, your disappointment is healthy, OK?
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μ΄λŠ” κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹€λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:39
That suggests that you should do more.
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쑰금 더 ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
16:42
You have not made progress,
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μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆ
16:43
so let's just double the effort, let's work harder.
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λ…Έλ ₯을 두 배둜 ν•˜κ³  더 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:48
If your interpretation is lack of commitment,
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그런데 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
16:51
well, that's not great,
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이건 쒋지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:53
because now you assume that you did not make progress
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아무것도 이루어낸 것이 μ—†λŠ” 이유λ₯Ό μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
16:58
because probably you cannot make progress and will never make progress.
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λ‚΄κ°€ ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 것이고 μ•žμœΌλ‘œλ„ λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³ μš”.
17:02
And we can see how that kind of thinking is not very healthy.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이런 생각이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€μ§€ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:07
And so what we find in studies
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저희가 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
17:09
is that when people frame past failures,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ§€λ‚œ μ‹€νŒ¨λ‚˜ μ’Œμ ˆμ„
17:15
or some setbacks as lack of progress,
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μ„±κ³Όκ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 해석할 λ•Œ
17:18
that increases motivation.
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λ™κΈ°λŠ” κ°•ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:20
"I did not exercise yesterday, I should definitely exercise today."
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β€˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄μ œ μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄, μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 무쑰건 ν•  거야’
17:24
When they think about this lack of commitment,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 거둜 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:27
this is where we see problem.
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17:28
"I did not exercise yesterday.
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β€˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ–΄μ œ μš΄λ™μ„ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄β€™
17:31
I might not have it in me.
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β€˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμΈκ°€ 봐’
17:34
Maybe I will never be able to be the person that I wanted to be."
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β€˜λ‚˜λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ λ‚΄κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 될 수 없을 거야’
17:40
It's up to you.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:41
The framing is something that you can choose.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν• μ§€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
WPR: Well, one member asks about procrastinating for fear of failing.
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WPR: ν•œ νšŒμ›λ‹˜μ΄
μ‹€νŒ¨ν• κΉŒλ΄ λ‘λ €μ›Œμ„œ λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:51
Do you have any tips for dealing with that?
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ–Έν•΄ μ£Όμ‹€ 것이 μžˆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?
17:54
AF: Yes, there is some literature on what we call β€œself-handicapping.”
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AF: λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ¬Έν—Œμ— β€˜μžκΈ° λΆˆκ΅¬ν™”β€™λΌλŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
17:58
And self-handicapping is an interesting phenomenon.
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μ΄λŠ” ν₯미둜운 ν˜„μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:02
It's like the student that purposely did not sleep the night before the exam
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μ‹œν—˜ 전날에 μΌλΆ€λŸ¬ μž μ„ μžμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 학생 같은 κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:08
so that if she doesn't do well, she can blame the circumstances.
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μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 쒋지 μ•Šμ„ 경우 상황을 탓할 수 μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
18:13
She can say, "Well, I was too tired to do well."
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
β€œλ°€μ„ μƒˆμ›Œμ„œ λ„ˆλ¬΄ ν”Όκ³€ν–ˆλ‚˜ 봐.”
18:20
And we see that sometimes people do that
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것을 가끔 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
18:24
because they're afraid to try
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μ‹œλ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 두렡고
18:27
because they are afraid about what failure might mean for who they are.
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μ‹€νŒ¨μžλ‘œ 낙인 μ°νžˆλŠ” 것이 두렡기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:35
I think that as a society,
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ μœΌλ‘œ
18:37
we should probably just have healthier relationships with setbacks.
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μ’Œμ ˆμ„ μ’€ 더 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:43
There is a lot of work in motivation science
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동기 κ³Όν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—λŠ” μ‹€νŒ¨λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ°°μš°λŠ” 법과
18:45
about how to learn from failure, how to learn from a setback.
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μ’Œμ ˆλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΌμ–΄μ„œλŠ” 법에 κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ듀이 많이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
18:50
Probably the basic thing is to understand that there are lessons in there, OK?
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기본적인 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ 이런 κ±Έ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ‹€νŒ¨μ™€ μ’Œμ ˆμ—λŠ” κ΅ν›ˆμ΄ 있고
18:55
That that was not a wasted experience.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ€ 쓸데 μ—†λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:59
That made me the person that I am, that enriched me somehow.
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λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ£Όκ³  μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œλ“  λ‚˜λ₯Ό ν‚€μ›Œ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
19:05
Think about it.
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19:06
If you try to cook something, and you burn the dish, well,
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μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‹€κ°€ νƒœμ›Œλ²„λ Έλ‹€λ©΄
19:11
you don't have dinner, but you learned something about cooking, OK?
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저녁은 ꡢ게 λ˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©° 무언가 λ°°μ› κ² μ§€μš”?
19:15
And think about what you have learned.
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 배운 것을 λ– μ˜¬λ € λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
19:18
WPR: Yeah, yeah.
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WPR: λ„€, μ•Œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:20
Well, I mean, I'm sure we have a lot of people on
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μ§‘λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ νŒ€μœΌλ‘œ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
19:23
who are part of teams or, you know, working in groups
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정말 λ§Žμ€ 것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”,
19:26
and TED Member Colm,
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TED νšŒμ›μΈ μ½œλ¦„ λ‹˜μ΄
19:28
they ask about how you can motivate and unstick a group of people, a team.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 집단과 νŒ€μ— 동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
그듀을 μ›€μ§μ΄κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:34
They lead multiple medium-sized teams
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쀑간 크기 νŒ€μ„ λͺ‡ 개 이끌고 μžˆλŠ”λ°
19:36
and sometimes can sense that they're feeling a lack of motivation
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λ•Œλ‘œ νŒ€ κ΅¬μ„±μ›λ“€μ˜ 열정이 μ‹λŠ” 것을 λŠλ‚„ λ•Œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:39
among the team members.
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19:42
AF: Yeah, well, the larger the team, the larger the problem with motivation.
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AF: λ„€, νŒ€μ΄ 컀질수둝 동기 λΆ€μ—¬ λ¬Έμ œλ„ 같이 μ»€μ§€μ§€μš”.
기본적으둜, μ΄λŠ” β€˜μ‚¬νšŒμ  νƒœλ§Œβ€™μ΄λΌλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:49
Basically, this is what we call β€œsocial loafing.”
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19:55
When there are many people that can do the work,
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일을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λ©΄
19:59
then we all tend to leave the work to someone else.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 일을 λ―Έλ£¨λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:04
And we see these effects really increasing very rapidly
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νŒ€μ΄ 컀짐에 따라 μ‚¬νšŒμ  νƒœλ§Œμ΄
μ •λ§λ‘œ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” ν˜„μƒμ΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:09
with the size of the team.
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20:10
So there will be less social loafing in a team of two people
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 두 λͺ…μ§œλ¦¬ νŒ€λ³΄λ‹€ μ—΄ λͺ…μ§œλ¦¬ νŒ€μ—μ„œ
20:15
and much more when it's a team of ten.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  νƒœλ§Œμ΄ 더 많이 λ°œμƒν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:20
We know that since basically
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:24
Ringelmann, a French engineer, ran studies,
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 기술자인 λ§κ²”λ§Œμ΄ 연ꡬ듀을 ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
20:28
so in some studies with men pulling a rope at the beginning of the 20th century,
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20μ„ΈκΈ° 초, 밧쀄 λ‹ΉκΈ°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:34
as you can imagine,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μƒμƒν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ
20:35
when several men pull a rope together,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ 밧쀄을 λ‹ΉκΈΈ λ•Œλ©΄
20:39
they invest less effort,
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혼자 당겨야 ν•  λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 덜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:40
than when they do it by themselves.
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20:43
And we see it in studies all the time.
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연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 같은 ν˜„μƒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
20:48
The simplest solution:
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κ°€μž₯ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν•΄κ²° 방법은
20:51
make sure that you can identify people's contributions.
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각 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 기여도λ₯Ό ꡬ별할 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
기여도λ₯Ό ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ 보지 μ•ŠλŠ” 것이죠.
20:55
That it's not one pile of contribution.
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각 개인이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κΈ°μ—¬ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•„λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:00
We know how much each person did.
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β€˜νœ˜νŠΈλ‹ˆ 씨, 당신은 이만큼 κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό ν–ˆκ΅°μš”,’
21:04
We can say that, Whitney, this is how much you did,
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21:07
and Ayelet, this is how much you did.
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β€˜μ•„μΌλ › 씨, λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ κΈ°μ—¬λ„λŠ” 이 μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.’라고 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:10
We even see this with donation.
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이런 ν˜„μƒμ€ κΈ°λΆ€μ—μ„œλ„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:13
So, you know, sometimes you give money to charity
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ•Œλ‘œ μžμ„  단체에 κΈ°λΆ€λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°
21:16
and it all goes into some like, large bucket,
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κΈ°λΆ€κΈˆμ€ 큰 λ°”κ΅¬λ‹ˆ μ•ˆμ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ§€μš”.
21:19
and your 10-dollar contribution feels like a drop in the ocean.
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λ‚΄κ°€ 넣은 만 원은 바닀에 떨어진 λ¬Ό ν•œ 방울처럼 λŠκ»΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:25
Other times, some organizations and charity campaigns,
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ν•œνŽΈ 일뢀 κΈ°κ΄€λ“€κ³Ό μžμ„  ν–‰μ‚¬μ—μ„œλŠ”
21:29
they make sure that they list each donation.
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κΈ°λΆ€μž λͺ…단을 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:31
So you can see that Whitney gave 10 dollars,
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λˆ„κ°€ 10λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό κΈ°λΆ€ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 있고
21:36
and this is much more motivating
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그러면 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 동기λ₯Ό 훨씬 더 κ°•ν™”ν•  수 있고
21:39
and likely takes care of the problem
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문제λ₯Ό 잘 ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ„œ
λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ ν•¨κ»˜ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:42
with having a large group of people working together toward the goal.
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21:47
WPR: I think sort of, in the same bucket of thinking
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WPR: νŒ€μ— 동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
21:49
about positive and negative ways to motivate in groups,
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κΈμ •μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 뢀정적인 방식듀도 같은 λ§₯락이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
21:54
TED Member Hahnsol asks, from an individual perspective,
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TED νšŒμ› ν•œμ†” λ‹˜μ΄ 개인적 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ”
21:58
about the difference between positive and negative motivation.
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긍정적 및 뢀정적 동기 λΆ€μ—¬μ˜ 차이점에 κ΄€ν•΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:01
You know, "I want to do this"
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β€˜λ‚˜λŠ” 이걸 ν•˜κ³  싢어’와 β€˜λ¬Έμ œ 되기 μ‹«μœΌλ‹ˆ 해야지’ 말이죠.
22:03
versus "I need to do this to avoid trouble."
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22:06
Is there one that's better than the other
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동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ 것이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것보닀 λ‚˜μ„κΉŒμš”?
22:08
in terms of keeping a person motivated?
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22:11
AF: I would say that yes.
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AF: κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:13
"Do" goals are better than "do not" goals.
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β€˜ν•˜κ² λ‹€β€™λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ β€˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€β€™λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ³΄λ‹€ μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:16
Approach goals are better than avoidance goals.
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지ν–₯ λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ νšŒν”Ό λͺ©ν‘œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:21
What do I mean by that?
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예λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 듀어보죠.
22:23
When you invite people to bring more positive thoughts to their lives,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 더 κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ„λ‘ κΆŒν•˜λŠ” 것은
22:28
this is much easier than when you tell them
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뢀정적인 생각을 ν•˜μ§€ 말라고 ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 μ‰½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:31
not to think about something negative.
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22:33
Push away negative thoughts.
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뢀정적인 생각을 λ–¨μ³λ²„λ¦¬μ„Έμš”.
22:35
When you invite people to bring more healthy foods to their their diet,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 더 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 식단을 차리도둝 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
22:42
that's easier than removing foods from their diet.
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μ‹λ‹¨μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ μŒμ‹μ„ λΉΌλŠ” 것보닀 더 μ‰¬μšΈ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:48
"Do not" goals are problematic,
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λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό β€˜ν•˜μ§€ λ§λΌβ€™λŠ” λ°μ—λŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
22:52
in particular when we think about the long run,
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특히 μ˜€λŠ˜μ΄λ‚˜ 이번 주에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
22:54
when we think about doing things more than today and this week.
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μž₯κΈ° λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό 염두에 두고 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:00
There are two reasons.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” 두 가지 μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:02
One reason is that this approach, these "to do" goals,
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첫 번째둜, β€˜ν•˜κ² λ‹€β€™λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλŠ”
23:08
tend to just bring to mind what you need to do,
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일이 λ§ˆμŒμ†μ— λ– μ˜€λ₯΄λŠ”데
23:11
whereas the "do not" goals tend to bring to mind what you should not do.
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β€˜ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆλΌβ€™λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” ν•˜μ§€ 말아야 ν•  λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ– μ˜€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:16
So if you think that you should stop doing something
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μ–΄λ–€ 행동을 λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
ν˜Ήμ€ μ–΄λ–€ 생각을 λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œ
23:20
or stop thinking about something,
405
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λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ„±μ·¨ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
23:22
how do you know if you are successful?
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23:23
You ask yourself, "Do I still have this forbidding thought?"
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β€˜ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆλΌλŠ” κ±Έ 이제 μ•ˆ ν•˜λ‚˜?’ 라고 λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
23:26
Well, by asking, you bring it to mind, OK?
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μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ²°κ΅­ 생각해 버린 것이죠.
23:30
The other reason is just reactive, OK?
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:32
When I tell you that you should not eat something,
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 무언가λ₯Ό 먹지 말라고 ν•˜λ©΄
23:35
this is exactly the thing that you want to eat.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μŒμ‹μ΄ λ¨Ήκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:37
Like, don't look to the right.
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였λ₯Έμͺ½μ„ 보지 말라고 ν•˜λ©΄
23:39
Well, everybody's now looking to the right, right?
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 였λ₯Έμͺ½μ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄κ² μ§€μš”?
23:44
Let me also say that the one big advantage of avoidance goals,
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β€˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€β€™λŠ” ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λ λŠ” νšŒν”Όν˜• λͺ©ν‘œμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μž₯점은
23:49
of "do not" goals, is that they seem urgent.
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긴급성을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
23:52
If I tell you that you should stop eating red meat,
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μ œκ°€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 뢉은 윑λ₯˜λ₯Ό 먹지 말라고 ν•˜λ©΄
23:55
then it seems more urgent than let's say, eat more green vegetables.
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μ±„μ†Œλ₯Ό 더 먹으라고 ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 κΈ΄λ°•ν•œ 것 κ°™μ£ .
24:03
And so avoidance goals have their place in our life,
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이런 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ νšŒν”Όν˜• λͺ©ν‘œ λ˜ν•œ 우리 삢에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:07
they seem urgent.
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그런 λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:10
Now, the question was also about like, needs vs. wants,
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λ˜ν•œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것과 ν•˜κ³  싢은 κ²ƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:14
which somewhat overlap with the approach/avoidance,
421
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지ν–₯ λͺ©ν‘œλ‚˜ νšŒν”Ό λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ μ–΄λŠ 정도 κ²ΉμΉ˜μ§€λ§Œ
24:18
but not totally.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ κ°™μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:21
There are things that we feel like we're absolutely required to do
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:26
like, we might feel
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 고등학ꡐλ₯Ό μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜λŠ” 것은
24:27
that a high school degree is like, "I need to do it.
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β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μΌβ€™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:32
This is absolutely a must."
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β€˜λ°˜λ“œμ‹œβ€™ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ§€μš”.
24:33
Whereas, a higher education, "I want to do that."
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λ°˜λ©΄μ— κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ κ³ λ“± κ΅μœ‘μ€ β€˜ν•˜κ³  싢은 일’에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:37
Like, that might be an extra bonus.
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μΆ”κ°€ 상여 같은 κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
24:42
That might be a wonderful thing to do.
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ν•˜κ³  싢은 일을 ν•˜λŠ” 것은 멋진 일이 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:46
And then we find that there are different emotions
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ—λŠ” 그와 μ—°κ΄€λœ
24:51
that are associated with these different goals.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 감정듀이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€.
24:54
So, you know, whereas success on a need,
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ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일을 μ„±κ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜
ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은
24:59
successfully pursuing a need
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25:02
is more likely to be associated with feeling relieved
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β€˜μ˜€, λ‚΄κ°€ ν•΄λƒˆμ–΄β€™μ²˜λŸΌ
μ•ˆλ„κ°μ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 것과 연관될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 ν½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:05
and "Oh, I did this."
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25:08
Success on a "want" goal, an aspiration,
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ν•œνŽΈ β€˜ν•˜κ³  싢은’ λͺ©ν‘œ, λ‚΄κ°€ μ—΄λ§ν•˜λŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜λ©΄
25:11
is more likely to make us proud
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μžλž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 기뢄을 λŠλ‚„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 크고
ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀 더 많이 ν•΄λƒˆλ‹€κ³  느끼게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:14
and make us feel that we have done more than we should have done.
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25:18
WPR: TED Member Jo-Neal is just curious about sticking to a schedule
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WPR: TED νšŒμ›μΈ 쑰닐 λ‹˜μ΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜μ…¨λŠ”λ°μš”,
25:21
and how important that is to reaching a goal
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μ„Έμš΄ κ³„νšμ„ 잘 μ§€ν‚€λŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œ 달성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”μ„±κ³Ό
25:24
and tips for doing that.
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κ³„νšν•œ 것을 잘 μ§€ν‚€κ²Œ ν•΄ μ£ΌλŠ” 쑰언이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:26
AF: Yeah, thanks for asking about schedule.
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AF: κ³„νšμ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:30
Many people like to have a "to do" list
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일’ λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:34
and kind of, going by the "to do" list.
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25:36
Just a personal anecdote.
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제 개인적 μΌν™”μΈλ°μš”,
25:39
When I was debating the many covers for my book,
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제 책에 μ“Έ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ ν‘œμ§€λ₯Ό 놓고 ν† λ‘  쀑일 λ•Œ
25:43
one of them has a "to do" list that was proposed by the publisher.
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그쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” μΆœνŒμ‚¬κ°€ μ œμ•ˆν•œ β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일 λͺ©λ‘β€™μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
25:47
And I said, β€œWell, I can’t have a β€˜to do’ list on the cover
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μ €λŠ” ν‘œμ§€λ‘œ β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일 λͺ©λ‘β€™μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
25:50
because I don’t recommend β€˜to do’ lists,
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μ €λŠ” β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일 λͺ©λ‘β€™μ„ μΆ”μ²œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 데닀가
25:53
and I don’t write about β€˜to do’ lists.”
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β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일 λͺ©λ‘β€™μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ“΄ 책도 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
25:56
And so you kind of know how I feel
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일 λͺ©λ‘β€™μ„ 잘 μ§€ν‚€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄
26:00
about sticking to your "to do" list and the schedule.
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μ œκ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 이제 μ•„μ…¨κ² μ£ .
26:04
It's good to write down what you want to do.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•˜κ³  싢은 것을 μ¨λ³΄λŠ” 것은 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:08
And I actually suggest drawing your goal system
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ κ·Έλ €λ³΄λŠ” 것도 μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:11
so your different goals and relationship between them,
455
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œμ™€ κ·Έ 상관관계λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
26:14
whether they help or suppress each other,
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λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ 도움이 λ˜λŠ”μ§€ ν˜Ήμ€ λ°©ν•΄κ°€ λ˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œκ³ 
26:19
just that you understand your priorities.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œμ—μ„œ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό 이해할 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:22
But then the idea about goals, the beauty about goals,
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그런데 λͺ©ν‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 생각, λͺ©ν‘œμ˜ 쒋은 점은
26:26
is that they get you going.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ 수 있게 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:28
They they give you purpose,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λͺ©μ μ„ μ£Όκ³  λ‚΄λ©΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 동기λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κ³ 
26:30
they make you intrinsically motivated,
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26:32
they make you engage,
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μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:33
you get to connect to other people over goals.
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기뢄이 μ’‹μ•„μ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:37
You get to feel good.
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26:39
Whether you have actually reached all these goals
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β€˜λͺ©λ‘β€™μ— μžˆλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ„±μ·¨ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ 상관없이 λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
26:41
on your "to do" list?
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26:42
Often, who cares, OK?
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κ·Έκ±Έ λˆ„κ°€ μ‹ κ²½ μ“°κ² μ–΄μš”?
26:44
It doesn't really matter.
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그런 것은 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:46
It matters that you made progress.
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°”λŠλƒκ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:48
So I'm not a fan of strictly making sure that you checked everything on the list.
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μ €λŠ” λͺ©λ‘μ— μžˆλŠ” ν•  일듀을 λ‹€ ν•΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것에 μ§‘μ°©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:55
WPR: We’re wrapping up here, and actually there was just one question
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WPR: μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•  텐데 질문이 λ”± ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
26:58
as a follow up from before, which was just about, if not "to do" list,
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직전 μ£Όμ œμ— 계속 μ΄μ–΄μ„œ, β€˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일’에 μ§‘μ°©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
27:01
what's sort of an alternative to that approach?
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그것을 λŒ€μ²΄ν•  μ ‘κ·Ό λ°©μ‹μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
27:06
AF: A goal system.
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AF: λͺ©ν‘œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:08
Now a goal system is basically you writing down the main goals
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λͺ©ν‘œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ€
기본적으둜 핡심 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ¨λ‚΄λ €κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
ν˜„μž¬ μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 것 λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
27:15
that you currently want to pursue, OK?
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27:17
So it doesn't need to be in your entire life,
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κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œκ°€ 인생 μ „λ°˜μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œμΌ ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†κ³ 
27:19
but in this time, in the year,
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이 μˆœκ°„ ν˜Ήμ€ ν•œ ν•΄μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλ©΄ μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:21
like what are the things that are important for me?
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λ‚΄κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 무엇인가 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
27:24
And it could be like, in terms of my social relationship, work,
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μ‚¬νšŒμ  κ΄€κ³„λ‚˜ 직업 츑면일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
27:29
projects at home,
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ ν•  일이 될 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
27:31
what are the things that you want to achieve, OK?
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무엇이든 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ„±μ·¨ν•˜κ³  싢은 것이면 μΆ©λΆ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:34
And then what are the activities
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그러고 λ‚˜μ„œλŠ” κ·Έ λͺ©ν‘œλ“€μ„ 이루기 μœ„ν•΄
27:37
that serve any of these goals
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μ–΄λ–€ ν™œλ™λ“€μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:42
and understand the relationship between these goals,
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그런 λ‹€μŒμ—” λͺ©ν‘œλ“€ κ°„μ˜ 관계와
27:44
between these activities,
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ν™œλ™λ“€ κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:47
being particular on the look for activities
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특히 λˆˆμ—¬κ²¨λ΄μ•Ό ν•  ν™œλ™μ€
27:50
that help you achieve several goals simultaneously.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ— 달성할 수 있게 ν•΄ μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
27:53
These are the things that you want to do.
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κ·Έ ν™œλ™λ“€μ΄μ•Όλ§λ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일인 것이죠.
27:58
WPR: And just as we're wrapping up here,
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WPR: 였늘 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ΄μ―€μ—μ„œ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•  ν…λ°μš”,
28:00
if there's one thing for folks to take away from this conversation,
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였늘 λŒ€ν™”μ—μ„œ μ°Έμ„μžλ“€μ΄ ν•œ 가지λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έκ°ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
28:03
what do you feel like is the big piece of advice
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ μš©ν•  λ§Œν•œ
28:06
that everyone should apply to their lives?
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ€ 무엇이 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
28:10
AF: You motivate yourself by changing the situation
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AF: μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ 상황을 λ°”κΎΈκ±°λ‚˜ 관점을 λ°”κΏˆμœΌλ‘œμ¨
28:15
and the framing of the situation.
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μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ 동기 λΆ€μ—¬λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:18
It's not about fantasizing that you will be a different person.
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μ΄λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λ˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” ν™˜μƒμ„ λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:24
It's really about changing what surrounds you and how you see that,
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λ‚˜λ₯Ό λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Έκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것듀과 λ‚˜λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 보고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것,
28:29
how you find your outlook of what's around you.
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이 μ†μ—μ„œ λ‚˜λ§Œμ˜ 인생관을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 찾아낼지에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:32
This is basically the lesson, by the way, from the social sciences,
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이것이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όν•™μ  κ΅ν›ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:36
so this is not just for motivation,
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이 κ΅ν›ˆμ€ 단지 동기 뢀여에 κ΅­ν•œλœ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°
28:37
this is how we explain people's behavior
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 상황에 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— 따라
28:40
in terms of the situation that they are responding to.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 행동을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:44
And it's very applicable to staying motivated.
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동기 λΆ€μ—¬ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 계속 μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ—¬λŸ¬λͺ¨λ‘œ κ·Έ ν™œμš©λ„κ°€ λ†’μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:48
WPR: Thank you so much, Ayelet, for joining us today.
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WPR: 였늘 ν•¨κ»˜ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 아일렛 씨.
28:50
AF: Thanks, everyone, for having me.
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AF: 였늘 ν•¨κ»˜ 이야기 λ‚˜λˆ„μ–΄μ„œ μ¦κ±°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:52
Thank you, Whitney, for all these wonderful questions.
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멋진 μ§ˆλ¬Έλ“€μ„ 전달해 μ£Όμ‹  νœ˜νŠΈλ‹ˆ μ”¨κ»˜λ„ κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
28:55
[Want to support TED?]
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[TEDλ₯Ό ν›„μ›ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμœΌμ‹ κ°€μš”?]
28:58
[Become a TED Member!]
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[TED νšŒμ›μ΄ λ˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€!]
28:59
[Learn more at ted.com/membership]
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[ted.com/membershipμ—μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”]
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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