AI and the Paradox of Self-Replacing Workers | Madison Mohns | TED

I'm going about my day, normal Tuesday of meetings

when I get a ping from my manager's manager's manager.

It says: “Get me a document by the end of the day

that records everything your team has been working on related to AI."

As it turns out, the board of directors of my large company

had been hearing buzz about this new thing called ChatGPT,

and they wanted to know what we were doing about it.

They are freaking out about the future,

I'm freaking out about this measly document,

it sounds like the perfect start

to solving the next hottest problem in tech, right?

As someone who works with machine-learning models

every single day,

I know firsthand that the rapid development of these technologies

poses endless opportunities for innovation.

However, the same exponential improvement in AI systems

is becoming a looming existential threat to the team I manage.

With increasing accessibility

and creepily human-like results coming out of the field of AI research,

companies like my own are turning toward automation to make things more efficient.

Now on the surface, this seems like a pretty great vision.

But as we start to dig deeper, we uncover an uncomfortable paradox.

Let's break this down.

In order to harness the power of AI systems,

these systems must be trained and fine-tuned

to match a high-quality standard.

But who defines quality,

and who trains these systems in the first place?

As you may have guessed, real-life subject matter experts,

oftentimes the same exact people who are currently doing the job.

Imagine my predicament here.

I get to go to my trusted team, whom I've worked with for years,

look them in the eyes

and pitch them on training the very systems that might displace them.

This paradox had led me to rely on three ethical principles

that can ensure that managers can grapple with the implications

of a self-replacing workforce.

One, transformational transparency,

Two, collaborative AI augmentation.

And three, reskilling to realize potential.

Now before we get into solutions, let’s zoom out a little bit.

How deep is this problem of self-replacing workers, really?

Research from this year coming out of OpenAI

indicates that approximately 80 percent of the US workforce

could see up to 10 percent of their tasks impacted

by the introduction of AI,

while around 19 percent of the workforce

could see up to 50 percent of their tasks impacted.

The craziest thing about all of this is,

is that these technologies do not discriminate.

Occupations that have historically required an immense amount of training

or education are equally as vulnerable to being outsourced to AI.

Now before we throw our hands up and let the robots take over,

let's put this all into perspective.

Fortunately for us,

this is not the first time in history that this has happened.

Let's go back to the Industrial revolution.

Picture Henry Ford’s iconic Model T automobile production line.

In this remarkable setup,

workers and machines engage in a synchronous dance.

They were tasked with specific repetitive tasks,

such as tightening bolts or fitting components

as the product moved down the line.

Ironically, and not dissimilar to my current predicament,

the humans themselves played a crucial role in training the systems

that would eventually replace their once multi-skilled roles.

They were the ones who honed their craft, perfected the techniques

and ultimately handed off the knowledge to the technicians

and engineers involved in automating their entire process.

Now on the outset, this situation seems pretty dire.

Yet despite initial fears and hesitations

involved in these technological advancements,

history has proven that humans have continuously found ways

to adapt and innovate.

While some roles were indeed replaced, new roles emerged,

requiring higher-level skills like creativity

and creative problem solving that machines just simply couldn't replicate.

Reflecting on this historical example

reminds us that the relationship between humans and machines

has always been a delicate balancing act.

We are the architects of our own progress,

often training machines to replace us

while simultaneously carving out unique roles for ourselves

and discovering new possibilities.

Now coming back to the present day, we are on the cusp of the AI revolution.

As someone responsible for moving that revolution forward,

the tension becomes omnipresent.

Option one, I can innovate quickly and risk displacing my team.

Or option two, I can refuse to innovate in an effort to protect my team,

but ultimately still lose people because the company falls behind.

So what am I supposed to do

as a mere middle manager in this situation?

Knowingly introducing this complex paradox for your team

presents strong challenges for people management.

Luckily, we can refer back to those three ethical principles

I addressed at the beginning of the talk

to ensure that you can continue to move ahead

without leaving your people behind.

First and foremost,

AI transformation needs to be transparent.

As leaders, it is imperative to foster dialogue,

address key concerns,

and offer concise explanations regarding the purpose

and potential challenges entailed in implementing AI.

This requires actively involving your employees

in the decision-making process

and valuing their autonomy.

By introducing the concept of consent,

especially for employees who are tasked

with automating their core responsibilities,

we can ensure that they maintain a strong voice

in carving out their professional destiny.

Next, now that we've gotten folks bought into this grandiose vision

while acknowledging the journey that lies ahead,

let's talk about how to use AI as an augmentation device.

Picture the worst part of your job today.

What if you could delegate it?

And no, not hand it off to some other sad soul at work,

but hand it to a system that can do your rote tasks for you.

Instead of perceiving AI as a complete replacement,

identify opportunities where you can use it

to enhance your employees' potential and productivity.

Collaboratively with your team,

identify areas and tasks that can be automated,

carving out more room for higher-value activities

requiring critical thinking that machines just aren't very good at doing.

Let's put this into an example.

Recently, I completed a project with my team at work

that's going to save our company over 12,000 working hours.

The folks involved in training this algorithm

are the same subject matter experts that worked tirelessly last year

to hand-curate and research data to optimize segmented experiences

across our website.

Now because of the sheer amount of time spent and the level of detail involved,

I would have expected

that there was an immense amount of pride behind this workflow.

But to my surprise, as it turns out,

the subject matter experts who built this model

were actually excited to hand these tasks off to automation.

There were things that they would have much rather spent their time on,

like in optimizing existing data to perform better on product surfaces

or even researching and developing new insights to augment

where the model just simply doesn't do as well.

Lastly, we must reskill in order to avoid replacement.

Knowingly investing in the professional development

and well-being of our workforce

ensures that they are equipped with the skills and knowledge

needed to thrive in an AI-powered future.

By providing opportunities for upskilling and reskilling,

we can empower our employees to rethink their roles as they exist today

and carve out new possibilities that align with their evolving expertise

and interests.

So how does this work in practice?

When I started introducing AI as a way to accelerate my team's workflows,

I used it as an opportunity to improve my team's technical literacy.

I worked with my team of engineers on a tool

that could transparently identify

the impact of data on a model's outcomes.

I then went to my operations analyst,

who didn't have technical training at the time,

and they were able to quickly identify areas where the model was underperforming

and hand off direct suggestions to my data science team

to make those models do better next time.

Fostering a culture of continuous learning

and reskilling is paramount.

It makes AI transformation a lot more exciting and a lot less scary.

We have reached a critical juncture

where the rapid development of AI technology

poses both opportunities and challenges.

As managers and leaders,

it is imperative that we navigate this terrain

with both sensitivity and foresight.

By embracing innovation,

fostering a culture of adaptation,

and ultimately intentionally investing in the professional development

and well-being of our workforce,

we can ensure that we are preparing our team

for the challenges that lie ahead

while addressing the complexities of introducing AI.

Together, let's forge a future that harmoniously combines human ingenuity

and technological progress,

where AI enhances human potential

rather than replacing it.

Thank you.

(Applause)