How deepfakes undermine truth and threaten democracy | Danielle Citron

88,565 views ใƒป 2019-10-07

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Ghada Khalil ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Abdulwahab Algarni
00:12
[This talk contains mature content]
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[ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุญุชูˆูŽู‰ ู„ู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู† ูู‚ุท]
00:17
Rana Ayyub is a journalist in India
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ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ
00:20
whose work has exposed government corruption
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุณุงู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูู‡ุง ููŠ ูุถุญ ูุณุงุฏ ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ
00:24
and human rights violations.
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ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ุงูƒุงุช ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†.
00:26
And over the years,
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ูˆุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
00:28
she's gotten used to vitriol and controversy around her work.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุงุนุชุงุฏุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุฐุน ูˆุงู„ุฌุฏู„ ุงู„ู…ูุซุงุฑ ุญูˆู„ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง.
00:32
But none of it could have prepared her for what she faced in April 2018.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠุคู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูŠูŒ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุชูˆู‚ู‘ูุน ู…ุง ู…ุฑู‘ูŽุช ุจู‡ ููŠ ุฃุจุฑูŠู„ 2018.
00:38
She was sitting in a cafรฉ with a friend when she first saw it:
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌุงู„ุณุฉู‹ ููŠ ู…ู‚ู‡ู‰ ู…ุน ุตุฏูŠู‚ุฉู ู„ู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฑุฃุชู‡ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ:
00:41
a two-minute, 20-second video of her engaged in a sex act.
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ู…ู‚ุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูุฏุชู‡ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุชุงู† ูˆุนุดุฑูˆู† ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ู…ูู…ุงุฑุณุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฌู†ุณ.
00:47
And she couldn't believe her eyes.
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ูˆู„ู… ุชุณุชุทุน ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ู…ุง ุฑุฃุชู‡ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ุง.
00:49
She had never made a sex video.
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ูู‡ูŠ ู„ู… ุชู‚ูู… ุจุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฅุจุงุญูŠ ุฃุจุฏู‹ุง.
00:52
But unfortunately, thousands upon thousands of people
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู„ุฃุณูุŒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ูˆุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
00:55
would believe it was her.
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ูŠูุตุฏู‚ูˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŽู† ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.
00:58
I interviewed Ms. Ayyub about three months ago,
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ู‚ูู…ุชู ุจู…ู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูŠูˆุจ ู…ู†ุฐ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุดู‡ูุฑุŒ
01:01
in connection with my book on sexual privacy.
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ุจุฎูุตูˆุต ูƒุชุงุจูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉ.
01:04
I'm a law professor, lawyer and civil rights advocate.
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ูุฃู†ุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู…ุญุงู…ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู…ูุฏุงูุนุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŽู†ูŠุฉ.
01:08
So it's incredibly frustrating knowing that right now,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุญุจูุท ุจุดุฏุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุชูŠ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ
01:12
law could do very little to help her.
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ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ุณุงุนุฏุชู‡ุง.
01:15
And as we talked,
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ูˆุฃุซู†ุงุก ุญุฏูŠุซู†ุงุŒ
01:17
she explained that she should have seen the fake sex video coming.
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ุฃูˆุถุญุช ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุชูˆู‚ุน ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠู.
01:22
She said, "After all, sex is so often used to demean and to shame women,
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ุญูŠุซ ู‚ุงู„ุช: "ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู†ุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู„ุชุญู‚ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุฅุฐู„ุงู„ู‡ู†ุŒ
01:27
especially minority women,
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ูˆุฎุงุตุฉู‹ ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ูŠุงุชุŒ
01:30
and especially minority women who dare to challenge powerful men,"
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ูˆุฎุงุตุฉู‹ ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุชูŠ ุชุฌุฑุคู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุณูู„ุทุฉุŒ"
01:34
as she had in her work.
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ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ูŽุช ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง.
01:37
The fake sex video went viral in 48 hours.
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ุงู†ุชุดุฑ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุญูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠู ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ 48 ุณุงุนุฉ.
01:42
All of her online accounts were flooded with screenshots of the video,
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ูˆุงู…ุชู„ุฃุช ูƒู„ ุญุณุงุจุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุจุตูˆุฑู ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆุŒ
01:47
with graphic rape and death threats
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ู…ุน ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุชู ุจุงู„ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุชู„
01:50
and with slurs about her Muslim faith.
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ูˆุฅู‡ุงู†ุงุชู ูˆุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ ุถุฏ ูƒูŽูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ูุณู„ู…ุฉ.
01:53
Online posts suggested that she was "available" for sex.
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ูˆู„ู…ู‘ูŽุญูŽุช ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช "ู…ุชุงุญุฉ" ู„ู„ุฌู†ุณ.
01:58
And she was doxed,
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ูˆุชู… ุงู„ุชุดู‡ูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุงุŒ
01:59
which means that her home address and her cell phone number
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู†ูˆุงู† ู…ู†ุฒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุงุชูู‡ุง
02:02
were spread across the internet.
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ุชู… ู†ุดุฑู‡ู…ุง ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
02:04
The video was shared more than 40,000 times.
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ูˆุชู…ู‘ูŽุช ู…ูุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 40,000 ู…ุฑุฉ.
02:09
Now, when someone is targeted with this kind of cybermob attack,
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ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุดุฎุตูŒ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงุนูŠุŒ
02:13
the harm is profound.
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ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดุฏูŠุฏู‹ุง.
02:16
Rana Ayyub's life was turned upside down.
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ุงู†ู‚ู„ุจูŽุช ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ ุฑุฃุณู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู‚ุจ.
02:20
For weeks, she could hardly eat or speak.
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ูˆู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุณุงุจูŠุนุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ู…ุง ุชุฃูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุชุชุญุฏุซ.
02:23
She stopped writing and closed all of her social media accounts,
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ูˆุชูˆู‚ููŽุช ุนู† ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ูˆุฃุบู„ู‚ุช ูƒู„ ุญุณุงุจุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตูู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุŒ
02:27
which is, you know, a tough thing to do when you're a journalist.
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ูˆู‡ูˆุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ุตุนุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ูƒูŽูˆู†ู‡ุง ุตุญููŠุฉ.
02:31
And she was afraid to go outside her family's home.
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ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฎุดู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุฒู„ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง.
02:34
What if the posters made good on their threats?
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ูู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู†ูู‘ูŽุฐ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ
02:38
The UN Council on Human Rights confirmed that she wasn't being crazy.
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ุฃูƒู‘ุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุฃูู…ู… ุงู„ู…ูุชุญุฏุฉ ู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ู… ุชูƒูู† ุชูุจุงู„ุบุŒ
02:42
It issued a public statement saying that they were worried about her safety.
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ูˆุฃุตุฏูŽุฑ ุจูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ูุนู„ู†ู‹ุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ู‚ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณู„ุงู…ุชู‡ุง.
02:48
What Rana Ayyub faced was a deepfake:
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ู…ุง ุชุนุฑู‘ูŽุถูŽุช ู„ู‡ ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ ูƒุงู† ุชุฒูŠูŠูู‹ุง ุนู…ูŠู‚ู‹ุงุŒ
02:53
machine-learning technology
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนู„ู‘ูู… ุงู„ุขู„ูŠ
02:55
that manipulates or fabricates audio and video recordings
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ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชู„ุงุนุจ ูˆุชู„ููŠู‚ ุชุณุฌูŠู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุตูˆุชูŠุฉ
02:59
to show people doing and saying things
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ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุฃุซู†ุงุก ูุนู„ู‡ู… ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
03:02
that they never did or said.
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ู„ู… ุชุตุฏูุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
03:04
Deepfakes appear authentic and realistic, but they're not;
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ูˆุชุจุฏูˆ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆูˆุงู‚ุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ
03:08
they're total falsehoods.
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงุฐุจุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
03:11
Although the technology is still developing in its sophistication,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑุŒ
03:15
it is widely available.
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ู ูƒุจูŠุฑ.
03:17
Now, the most recent attention to deepfakes arose,
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃุญุฏุซ ู…ุง ุฌุฐูŽุจ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุจุงู‡ ู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ
03:20
as so many things do online,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุบุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ
03:22
with pornography.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุญูŠุฉ
03:24
In early 2018,
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ููŠ ุฃูˆุงุฆู„ ุนุงู… 2018ุŒ
03:26
someone posted a tool on Reddit
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ู†ุดุฑ ุดุฎุตูŒ ู…ุง ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฑูŠุฏูŠุช
03:29
to allow users to insert faces into porn videos.
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ู„ุชูู…ูƒู‘ู† ุงู„ู…ูุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฏู…ุฌ ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุฅุจุงุญูŠุฉ.
03:33
And what followed was a cascade of fake porn videos
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ูˆู…ุง ุชู„ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฅุจุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠูุฉ
03:37
featuring people's favorite female celebrities.
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ุชุถูู… ุฃุดู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุงู„ู…ููุถู‘ู„ุงุช ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
03:40
And today, you can go on YouTube and pull up countless tutorials
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูŠูˆุชูŠูˆุจ ู„ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุญุตุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
03:44
with step-by-step instructions
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ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฑุดุงุฏุงุชู ู…ููุตู‘ูŽู„ุฉ
03:46
on how to make a deepfake on your desktop application.
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ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ูˆุชุตู…ูŠู…ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุณูˆุจูƒ.
03:50
And soon we may be even able to make them on our cell phones.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูุตุจุญ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆุงุชูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญู…ูˆู„ุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
03:55
Now, it's the interaction of some of our most basic human frailties
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ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ูˆุชูุงุนูู„ ุจุนุถ ุฃุจุณุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ุถุนู ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง
04:00
and network tools
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ู…ุน ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตูู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
04:02
that can turn deepfakes into weapons.
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูุญูˆู‘ู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠู‘ูŽูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ.
04:04
So let me explain.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูˆุถุญ ุฐู„ูƒ.
04:06
As human beings, we have a visceral reaction to audio and video.
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ูƒุจุดูŽุฑุŒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุบุฑูŠุฒูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฆูŠุฉ.
04:11
We believe they're true,
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ุตุฏู‚ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
04:13
on the notion that of course you can believe
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ุจุงุนุชุจุงุฑ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุตุฏู‚ ูˆู†ุซู‚
04:15
what your eyes and ears are telling you.
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ููŠ ู…ุง ุชุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจู‡ ุฃุนูŠูู†ู†ุง ูˆุขุฐุงู†ู†ุง.
04:18
And it's that mechanism
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ูˆุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู„ูŠุฉ
04:20
that might undermine our shared sense of reality.
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ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‡ุฏู… ุดุนูˆุฑู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุดุชุฑูŽูƒ ุจุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน.
04:23
Although we believe deepfakes to be true, they're not.
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ูˆุจุฑุบู… ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ูุตุฏู‚ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุณุช ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
04:27
And we're attracted to the salacious, the provocative.
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ู†ุฌุฐุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุซูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชูุฒุงุฒูŠุฉุŒ
04:32
We tend to believe and to share information
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ูˆู†ู…ูŠู„ ู„ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ ูˆู…ูุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
04:35
that's negative and novel.
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ุงู„ู…ูุบุฑูุถุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ.
04:37
And researchers have found that online hoaxes spread 10 times faster
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุงูƒุชุดู ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ุจุนุดุฑ ู…ุฑุงุช
04:42
than accurate stories.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
04:46
Now, we're also drawn to information
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ูƒู…ุฃ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู†ุฌุฐุจ ู„ู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
04:50
that aligns with our viewpoints.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑู†ุง.
04:52
Psychologists call that tendency "confirmation bias."
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ูˆูŠุทู„ู‚ ุนูู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ู†ูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุฒุนุฉ ู…ูุตุทู„ุญ "ุงู„ุงู†ุญูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏูŠ".
04:57
And social media platforms supercharge that tendency,
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ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ุตุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตูู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนุฒูŠุฒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ุฒุนุฉุŒ
05:01
by allowing us to instantly and widely share information
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู…ุงุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจู…ูุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ู†ุธุฑู†ุง
05:05
that accords with our viewpoints.
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู†ุทุงู‚ู ูˆุงุณุน.
05:08
Now, deepfakes have the potential to cause grave individual and societal harm.
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ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ูุฅู† ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุฃุถุฑุงุฑู ุจุงู„ุบุฉ ู„ู„ูุฑุฏ ูˆู„ู„ู…ูุฌุชู…ุน.
05:15
So, imagine a deepfake
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ุชุฎูŠู‘ูŽู„ูˆุง ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู…ู‚ุทุนู ู…ูุฒูŠูู
05:17
that shows American soldiers in Afganistan burning a Koran.
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ู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏู ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู† ูŠุญุฑู‚ูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ุฑุขู† ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู†.
05:22
You can imagine that that deepfake would provoke violence
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ูˆู„ูƒูู… ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุณู‘ูุฎุท ูˆุงู„ุนู†ู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุซูŠุฑู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทูŽุน
05:25
against those soldiers.
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ุถุฏ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ.
05:27
And what if the very next day
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ูˆู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
05:30
there's another deepfake that drops,
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ู…ู‚ุทุนูŒ ู…ูุฒูŠููŒ ุขุฎุฑ
05:33
that shows a well-known imam based in London
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ู„ุฅู…ุงู…ู ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ููŠ ู„ู†ุฏู†
05:36
praising the attack on those soldiers?
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ูŠูุดูŠุฏ ููŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู‡ุฌูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏุŸ
05:39
We might see violence and civil unrest,
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ู‚ุฏ ู†ุดู‡ูŽุฏ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ุนู†ูู ูˆุฃุถุทุฑุงุจู ู…ุฏูŽู†ูŠู‘
05:42
not only in Afganistan and the United Kingdom,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุฃูุบุงู†ุณุชุงู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุญุฏุฉุŒ
05:46
but across the globe.
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ุจู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŽู… ูƒู„ู‘ู‡.
ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุฏู‘ููƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ุงู…ูŠ ู‡ูˆ:
05:48
And you might say to me,
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05:49
"Come on, Danielle, that's far-fetched."
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"ุจุฑุจู‘ููƒุŒ ุฏุงู†ูŠูŠู„ุŒ ุฅู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŒ ุจุนูŠุฏ."
05:51
But it's not.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
05:53
We've seen falsehoods spread
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุฃูƒุงุฐูŠุจู‹ุง ุชู†ุชุดุฑ
05:55
on WhatsApp and other online message services
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ุนุจุฑ ูˆุงุชุณุงุจ ูˆุฎุฏู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ููˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
05:58
lead to violence against ethnic minorities.
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ู…ุคุฏูŠุฉู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู…ู„ุงุช ุนู†ู ุถุฏ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนูุฑู‚ูŠุฉ.
06:01
And that was just text --
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฑุณุงุฆู„ ูู‚ุทุŒ
06:02
imagine if it were video.
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ูุชุฎูŠู‘ูŽู„ูˆุง ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏูุซ ุจุณุจุจ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.
06:06
Now, deepfakes have the potential to corrode the trust that we have
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ูู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุถุนุงู ูˆู‡ูŽุฒ ุซู‚ุชู†ุง
06:11
in democratic institutions.
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ.
06:15
So, imagine the night before an election.
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ุชุฎูŠู‘ูŽู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจุงุชู ู…ุง
06:17
There's a deepfake showing one of the major party candidates
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ุธู‡ุฑ ู…ู‚ุทุนูŒ ู…ูุฒูŠู ู„ุฃุญุฏ ู…ูุฑุดุญูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฒุงุจ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
06:21
gravely sick.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุดุฏุฉ.
06:23
The deepfake could tip the election
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทูŽุน ููŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุนูุจ ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชุฎุงุจุงุช
06:25
and shake our sense that elections are legitimate.
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ูˆุฒุนุฒุนุฉ ุดุนูˆุฑู†ุง ุจู†ุฒุงู‡ุชู‡ุง ูˆุดุฑุนูŠุชู‡ุง.
06:30
Imagine if the night before an initial public offering
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ุชุฎูŠู‘ูŽู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฃูˆู‘ูŽู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุงูƒุชุชุงุจ ุงู„ุนุงู…
06:33
of a major global bank,
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ู„ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุจู†ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒูุจุฑู‰ุŒ
06:36
there was a deepfake showing the bank's CEO
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ุธู‡ุฑ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ูุฒูŠู‘ู ู„ู„ู…ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐูŠ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒ
06:39
drunkenly spouting conspiracy theories.
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ู…ูุชุญุฏุซู‹ุง ูˆู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณููƒุฑ ุนู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุคุงู…ุฑุฉ.
06:42
The deepfake could tank the IPO,
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ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ููŠ ูุดู„ ุงู„ุงูƒุชุชุงุจุŒ
06:45
and worse, shake our sense that financial markets are stable.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุซูŠุฑ ุดูƒูˆูƒู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ.
06:51
So deepfakes can exploit and magnify the deep distrust that we already have
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ูŠูู…ูƒู† ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠูุฉ ุงุณุชุบู„ุงู„ ูˆุชุถุฎูŠู… ุงู„ุงุฑุชูŠุงุจ ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
06:58
in politicians, business leaders and other influential leaders.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู†ุŒ ูˆุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุนู…ุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฒุนู…ุงุก ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ู…ู† ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ู†ููˆุฐ.
07:02
They find an audience primed to believe them.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฌู…ู‡ูˆุฑ ู…ูุณุชุนุฏ ู„ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ู‡ุง.
07:07
And the pursuit of truth is on the line as well.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃุตุจุญ ุงู„ุณุนูŠ ูˆุฑุงุก ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
07:11
Technologists expect that with advances in AI,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชูˆู‚ุน ุฎูุจุฑุงุก ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุน ุชู‚ุฏู‘ูู… ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠุŒ
07:14
soon it may be difficult if not impossible
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูุตุจุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ุจู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุณุชุญูŠู„
07:18
to tell the difference between a real video and a fake one.
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ุฃู† ู†ููุฑู‘ู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠู.
07:23
So how can the truth emerge in a deepfake-ridden marketplace of ideas?
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ููƒูŠู ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุฌู„ู‘ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุณุท ุณูˆู‚ ุฃููƒุงุฑู ุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚ุŸ
07:28
Will we just proceed along the path of least resistance
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ู‡ู„ ุณู†ู…ุถูŠ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณู‡ู„
07:32
and believe what we want to believe,
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ูˆู†ูุตุฏู‚ ู…ุง ู†ูˆุฏู‘ู ุชุตุฏูŠู‚ู‡ุŒ
07:34
truth be damned?
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ูˆู†ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŸ
07:36
And not only might we believe the fakery,
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ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ูู‚ุท ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ู†ูุตุฏู‚ ุงู„ูƒุฐุจ ูˆุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠูุŒ
07:40
we might start disbelieving the truth.
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ุจู„ ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฅู†ูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
07:43
We've already seen people invoke the phenomenon of deepfakes
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุฃุดุฎุงุตู‹ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚
07:47
to cast doubt on real evidence of their wrongdoing.
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ู„ู„ุชุดูƒูŠูƒ ููŠ ุฃุฏู„ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุงู†ุชู‡ู….
07:51
We've heard politicians say of audio of their disturbing comments,
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ูƒู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุณู…ุนู†ุง ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุตูˆุชูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุณุฌู‘ู„ุฉ ู„ุชุตุฑูŠุญุงุชู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูุฒุนุฌุฉ:
07:57
"Come on, that's fake news.
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"ุจุฑุจู‘ูƒู…ุŒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูƒุงุฐุจุฉุŒ
07:59
You can't believe what your eyes and ears are telling you."
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ู„ุง ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตุฏู‚ูˆุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุชุณู…ุนูˆู†ู‡."
08:04
And it's that risk
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
08:06
that professor Robert Chesney and I call the "liar's dividend":
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณู…ู‘ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงู„ุจุฑูˆููŠุณูˆุฑ ุฑูˆุจุฑุช ุชุดูŠุฒู†ูŠ ุจู€"ู…ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ูƒุฐู‘ุงุจ"ุ›
08:11
the risk that liars will invoke deepfakes
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฎุทุฑ ุงุนุชู…ุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒุงุฐุจูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠูุฉ
08:14
to escape accountability for their wrongdoing.
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ู„ู„ุชู‡ุฑู‘ูุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุณุงุกู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฃุฎุทุงุฆู‡ู….
08:18
So we've got our work cut out for us, there's no doubt about it.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุดุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ูุญุฏู‘ุฏุฉ ุฅุฐู‹ุงุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุดูƒ ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
08:22
And we're going to need a proactive solution
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ูˆุณูˆู ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญู„ู ุงุณุชุจุงู‚ูŠู‘ู ูˆูุนู‘ูŽุงู„
08:25
from tech companies, from lawmakers,
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ู…ู† ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู…ูุดุฑู‘ูุนูŠู†ุŒ
08:29
law enforcers and the media.
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ูˆุณูู„ุทุงุช ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู….
08:32
And we're going to need a healthy dose of societal resilience.
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ูˆุณูˆู ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตู…ูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุฌุชู…ุนูŠุฉ.
08:37
So now, we're right now engaged in a very public conversation
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ูˆู†ุญู† ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูุดุงุฑูƒ ููŠ ู…ูุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ
08:41
about the responsibility of tech companies.
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ุญูˆู„ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง.
08:44
And my advice to social media platforms
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุตูŠุญุชูŠ ู„ู…ู†ุตู‘ูŽุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตูู„ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ
08:47
has been to change their terms of service and community guidelines
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ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุดุฑูˆุท ูˆุฅุฑุดุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
08:51
to ban deepfakes that cause harm.
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ู„ุญุธุฑ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุณุจุจ ุงู„ุถู‘ูŽุฑุฑ.
08:54
That determination, that's going to require human judgment,
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ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูŽุณู… ุณูˆู ูŠุชุทู„ู‘ูŽุจ ุญููƒู…ู‹ุง ูˆุจุตูŠุฑุฉ ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ
08:58
and it's expensive.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ู…ููƒู„ู‘ูู.
09:00
But we need human beings
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
09:02
to look at the content and context of a deepfake
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ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ูุญุชูˆู‰ ูˆุณูŠุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุทูŽุน ุงู„ู…ูุฒูŠู‘ูŽู
09:06
to figure out if it is a harmful impersonation
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ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชุญุงู„ ู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ู…ุง ู„ู„ุฅุถุฑุงุฑ ุจู‡ุง
09:10
or instead, if it's valuable satire, art or education.
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ุฃู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู‚ุทุน ุณุงุฎุฑุŒ ุฃูˆ ูู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠ.
09:16
So now, what about the law?
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ูˆุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ุนู† ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŸ
09:18
Law is our educator.
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ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุนู„ู‘ูู…ู†ุง.
09:21
It teaches us about what's harmful and what's wrong.
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ูู‡ูˆ ูŠูุฎุจุฑู†ุง ุจู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุถุงุฑ ูˆุฎุงุทุฆ.
09:25
And it shapes behavior it deters by punishing perpetrators
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ูƒู…ุง ูŠูุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒ ุงู„ุฎุงุทุฆ ูˆูŠุฑุฏุนู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูุนุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌูู†ุงุฉ
09:30
and securing remedies for victims.
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ูˆุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุณูุจูู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุตุงู ู„ู„ุถุญุงูŠุง.
09:33
Right now, law is not up to the challenge of deepfakes.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุŒ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุชุตุฏูŠ ู„ุฃุถุฑุงุฑ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚.
09:38
Across the globe,
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
09:39
we lack well-tailored laws
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ู†ุญู† ู†ูุชู‚ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู…ูุญูƒูŽู…ุฉ
09:41
that would be designed to tackle digital impersonations
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ูˆู…ู‹ุตู…ู‘ู…ุฉ ุจุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุนุงู…ูู„ ู…ุน ู‚ุถุงูŠุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชุญุงู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ
09:45
that invade sexual privacy,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุนุฏู‘ูŽู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุตูˆุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุฉุŒ
09:47
that damage reputations
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ูˆุชูุถุฑ ุจุณูู…ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต
09:49
and that cause emotional distress.
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ูˆุชูุณุจู‘ุจ ุฃุถุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ู†ูุณูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุนู†ูˆูŠุฉ.
09:51
What happened to Rana Ayyub is increasingly commonplace.
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ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ู„ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ุดุงุฆุน ุจุดูƒู„ู ู…ูุชุฒุงูŠุฏ.
09:56
Yet, when she went to law enforcement in Delhi,
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ูˆุจุฑุบู… ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุฌุฃุช ู„ูุณู„ุทุงุช ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ููŠ ุฏูŠู„ู‡ูŠุŒ
09:58
she was told nothing could be done.
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ุฃุฎุจุฑูˆู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ู‡ ุจุดุฃู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
10:01
And the sad truth is that the same would be true
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ูˆุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุญุฒู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู†ูุณู‡
10:04
in the United States and in Europe.
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ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃูˆุฑูˆุจุง.
10:07
So we have a legal vacuum that needs to be filled.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูุฑุงุบูŒ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู‘ูŒ ูŠุชูˆุฌู‘ูŽุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุณุฏู‘ูู‡.
10:12
My colleague Dr. Mary Anne Franks and I are working with US lawmakers
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ู†ุนู…ูŽู„ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุฉ ู…ุงุฑูŠ ุขู† ูุฑุงู†ูƒุณ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูุดุฑู‘ุนูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠุฑูŠูƒูŠูŠู†
10:16
to devise legislation that would ban harmful digital impersonations
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ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุถุน ุชุดุฑูŠุนุงุชู ุชุญุธุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุญุงู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุคุฐูŠ
10:21
that are tantamount to identity theft.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุนุงุฏู„ ููŠ ุฎุทูˆุฑุชู‡ ุณุฑู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ.
10:24
And we've seen similar moves
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ุชุญุฑู‘ููƒุงุชู ู…ู…ุงุซู„ุฉ
10:26
in Iceland, the UK and Australia.
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ููŠ ุฃูŠุณู„ู†ุฏุง ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ู„ูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃุณุชุฑุงู„ูŠุง.
10:30
But of course, that's just a small piece of the regulatory puzzle.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุนุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุฌุฑุฏ ุฌุฒุก ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุบุฒ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠ.
10:34
Now, I know law is not a cure-all. Right?
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุฃุนู„ูŽู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ุญู„ู‹ุง ุดุงู…ู„ุงู‹ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
10:38
It's a blunt instrument.
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ูู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุญุงุฏุฉ
10:40
And we've got to use it wisely.
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ูˆุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุจุญูƒู…ุฉ.
10:42
It also has some practical impediments.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนู‚ุจุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
10:45
You can't leverage law against people you can't identify and find.
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠูู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุถุฏ ุฃุดุฎุงุตู ู„ุง ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชุนุฑู‘ูู ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุซูˆุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู….
10:51
And if a perpetrator lives outside the country
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฌุฑู… ู…ู‚ูŠู…ู‹ุง ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุจู„ุฏ
10:54
where a victim lives,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูู‚ูŠู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุถุญูŠุฉุŒ
10:56
then you may not be able to insist
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ูู‚ุฏ ู„ุง ู†ุชู…ูƒู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅุตุฑุงุฑ
10:58
that the perpetrator come into local courts
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠู…ุซูู„ ุงู„ู…ูุฌุฑู… ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ
11:00
to face justice.
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ู„ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ.
11:02
And so we're going to need a coordinated international response.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูˆู ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุฏูˆู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูู†ุณู‘ูŽู‚ุฉ.
11:07
Education has to be part of our response as well.
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ูˆู„ุง ุจูุฏ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุชู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
11:11
Law enforcers are not going to enforce laws
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ูุณูู„ุทุงุช ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู„ู† ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชู†ููŠุฐ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†
11:15
they don't know about
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ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ุดุฆ
11:17
and proffer problems they don't understand.
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ูˆู„ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุญู„ ู…ูุดูƒู„ุงุชู ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง.
11:20
In my research on cyberstalking,
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ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุฅุนุฏุงุฏูŠ ู„ุจุญุซู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุญุฑู‘ูุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุŒ
11:22
I found that law enforcement lacked the training
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ูˆุฌุฏุชู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูŠูุชู‚ุฑูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ
11:26
to understand the laws available to them
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ุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
11:28
and the problem of online abuse.
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ูˆูู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุณูˆุก ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
11:31
And so often they told victims,
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ู…ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ูุชูƒุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุญุงูŠุง ู‡ูˆ:
11:33
"Just turn your computer off. Ignore it. It'll go away."
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"ู‚ูู… ุจุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ุญุงุณูˆุจูƒ ูู‚ุทุŒ ูˆุชุฌุงู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ. ูˆุณูŠุจุชุนุฏ ุนู†ูƒ."
11:38
And we saw that in Rana Ayyub's case.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ.
11:41
She was told, "Come on, you're making such a big deal about this.
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ุญูŠุซ ู‚ูŠู„ ู„ู‡ุง: "ุจุฑุจู‘ูƒุŒ ุฅู†ูƒู ุชูุจุงู„ุบูŠู†.
11:44
It's boys being boys."
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ูุฌุฑุฏ ุฃูุนุงู„ ู…ูุฑุงู‡ู‚ูŠู†."
11:47
And so we need to pair new legislation with efforts at training.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุญู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุจุฐู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ.
11:54
And education has to be aimed on the media as well.
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ูˆู„ุง ุจู‘ุฏ ู…ู† ู†ุดุฑ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅุนู„ุงู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
11:58
Journalists need educating about the phenomenon of deepfakes
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ููŠุฌุจ ุชูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญููŠูŠู† ุจุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุชุฒูŠูŠู ุงู„ุนู…ูŠู‚
12:02
so they don't amplify and spread them.
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ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุชุถุฎูŠู…ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุดุฑู‡ุง.
12:06
And this is the part where we're all involved.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดู…ู„ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง
12:08
Each and every one of us needs educating.
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ููƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏู ู…ู†ู‘ู‹ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ูˆุนู‰.
12:13
We click, we share, we like, and we don't even think about it.
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ูู†ุญู† ู†ู†ู‚ุฑ ูˆู†ุดุงุฑูƒ ูˆู†ูุนุฌูŽุจ ุจู…ุง ู†ุฑุงู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃุฏู†ู‰ ุชููƒูŠุฑ ููŠู‡.
12:17
We need to do better.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชุตุฑู‘ูู ุจุดูƒู„ู ุฃูุถู„.
12:19
We need far better radar for fakery.
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ูƒู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฐูŠุจ.
12:25
So as we're working through these solutions,
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ูˆุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชูˆููŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„ุŒ
12:29
there's going to be a lot of suffering to go around.
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ุณูˆู ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุนุงู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฌุจ ู…ูˆุงุฌู‡ุชู‡ุง.
12:33
Rana Ayyub is still wrestling with the fallout.
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ูู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจ ุชูุตุงุฑุน ุชุฏุงุนูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ
12:36
She still doesn't feel free to express herself on- and offline.
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ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชุนุจูŠุฑ ุนู† ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุจุญูุฑูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุช.
12:41
And as she told me,
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃุฎุจูŽุฑูŽุชู†ูŠุŒ
12:42
she still feels like there are thousands of eyes on her naked body,
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ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุชุดุนุฑ ูˆูƒุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุชูุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฌุณุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุงุฑูŠ.
12:48
even though, intellectually, she knows it wasn't her body.
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ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู„ู… ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒูู† ุฌุณุฏู‡ุง.
12:52
And she has frequent panic attacks,
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูุตุงุจ ุจู†ูˆุจุงุช ู‡ู„ุนู ู…ูุชูƒุฑุฑุฉุŒ
12:54
especially when someone she doesn't know tries to take her picture.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุดุฎุตูŒ ู„ุง ุชุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุท ุตูˆุฑุฉู ู„ู‡ุง.
12:58
"What if they're going to make another deepfake?" she thinks to herself.
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ุง: "ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู‚ุงู… ุจุตูู†ุน ู…ู‚ุทูŽุนู ู…ุฒูŠูู ุขุฎุฑุŸ"
13:03
And so for the sake of individuals like Rana Ayyub
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ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู…ุซู„ ุฑู†ุง ุฃูŠูˆุจุŒ
13:07
and the sake of our democracy,
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ูˆู„ุฃุฌู„ ุฏูŠู…ูู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุชู†ุงุŒ
13:09
we need to do something right now.
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ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก ู…ุง ุงู„ุขู†.
13:11
Thank you.
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ุดููƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒูู…
13:12
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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