Should we create superintelligent AI?

63,763 views ・ 2025-02-20

TED-Ed


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:01
Maybe I'm not the best library assistant.
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Could artificial intelligence do it better?
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I’d like to think of myself as irreplaceable, but let’s see.
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00:14
Maybe getting fired was the push I needed to find the perfect job for me.
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As long as I find it quickly.
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And don’t spend any money in the meantime.
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Luckily, there's somewhere I can sit and work all day without buying anything.
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00:34
Ada? I thought I was clear—
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your employment here is over.
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00:41
Oh, I'm not here as an employee. This is a public library, after all.
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00:49
Right. How to make one month as a library assistant
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sound like the 3 to 5 years of experience
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every entry level job seems to require?
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01:01
Shh!
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01:04
Dealt with an overbearing, rule-obsessed boss...
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01:08
No, no. Ugh.
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01:12
Let’s see how an AI does with writing my resume.
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01:15
Okay. I checked out lots of books.
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01:19
Make that sound impressive.
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01:22
Ooh! “Expedited seamless intellectual asset transactions.”
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01:26
Excellent. Okay, how about “sat at reception”?
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01:31
Oh! “Frontline client liaison.”
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01:33
Good, good. That’s great!
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01:37
Maybe too good.
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01:38
Even if I get one of these jobs,
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what if I pay my dues only to have AI outpace me?
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What if, by the time I hone my skills,
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humans aren’t doing writing and research anymore?
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01:51
Maybe I should work directly on AI.
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Then at least I’d be helping determine the course of the future
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instead of being left behind.
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01:59
Like, say I created an AI librarian.
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02:02
That actually doesn’t seem too far-fetched.
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02:05
To make my system more powerful I have to, well...
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keep adding more simulated neurons for starters.
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Soon my AI system is a better librarian than my old boss.
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But you know what? I'm feeling generous.
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02:22
Why don't you stay as my assistant?
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02:24
You can help me test your replacement.
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02:27
Hmph.
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02:31
What should I name it?
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02:32
What's a good name for a great librarian?
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02:35
No ideas? I like Biblionimus Maximus.
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02:42
Hmm. Let's try a prompt.
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Who invented artificial intelligence?
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Include citations.
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02:56
Biblionimus says the first theoretical descriptions of AI
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03:00
were “Comments on a Thinking Machine” by Ada Lovelace in 1840,
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and “Machine Intelligence” by Alan Turing in 1927.
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03:09
See? Nailed it!
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03:12
Not quite.
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Lovelace’s “Notes on an Analytical Engine” were published in 1843.
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Alan Turing’s paper was called “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,”
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and it was published in 1950.
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03:30
Isn’t that what Biblionimus said?
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03:32
No. I can see how it sounds that way to you,
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but every element was slightly wrong.
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But what about the citations?
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03:41
Completely fabricated.
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Look, it even made up ISBN numbers.
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03:46
Clearly, it's not ready to replace human librarians if it needs an expert
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to check its work.
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We’re still training Biblionimus.
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It’ll improve.
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Hmph.
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03:59
In time, my system stops producing bogus results.
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04:03
As it gets more competent,
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it doesn’t just help patrons find what they’re looking for,
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it finds resources they didn’t even know they needed.
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04:12
The library has never been busier.
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Maybe it’s a waste to limit our technology to the library.
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Research labs, companies, even governments—
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they all have more information than they can manage.
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They could use a good librarian, don’t you think?
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04:28
Hmph.
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04:30
What?
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Selling the AI off to the highest bidder
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isn’t exactly in the spirit of the library.
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04:38
True...
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And I definitely don’t want Biblionimus to become an instrument
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of corporate greed or abuses of power or anything like that.
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Let’s make Biblionimus available for free,
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but anyone who wants to use it has to be approved by us first.
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We’ll never be able to review all these applications.
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05:02
Even if you actually help.
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05:05
I have a better idea.
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05:07
I bought the Diligentsia 3000.
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It’s an AI system that can vet applicants for us.
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It will process our backlog almost instantly.
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So, I guess I won’t be needing your help anymore.
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05:24
I mean I’m firing you.
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The library is a public space.
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Almost every vital industry has a need for my AI.
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As do plenty of not-so-vital industries.
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05:45
(Radio chatter) Suspect is in custody.
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What's going on?
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What? Investigating a bomb threat?
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05:53
Where did this tip come from?
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It came from Biblionimus?
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06:02
I thought you made sure Biblionimus wasn’t making mistakes anymore!
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That was back before you fired me.
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06:09
I don't work here anymore.
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06:12
You invented Biblionimus, can’t you figure out how to fix it?
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06:16
Argh! It doesn’t work like that!
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06:19
I created Biblionimus, but it’s been out there ever since,
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06:22
absorbing more information than any human ever could.
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It's grown up and left home, so to speak.
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06:27
But there is one thing I can do.
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06:31
I can bring in a digital neuroscientist.
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06:33
A what?
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It’s an AI system that studies other AI systems’, um, brains.
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Okay, Dr. Cerebrox.
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Biblionimus is supposed to make unexpected, hopeful connections,
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not spout conspiracy theories.
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06:48
As far as I can tell,
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there’s nothing at all wrong with Biblionimus Maximus.
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Did the human users feed it incorrect information?
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06:55
Or perhaps ask it a it a confusing question?
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Even if they did, it shouldn’t be making up bomb threats.
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07:00
What if it did something worse, like encourage a coup? Or a nuclear strike?
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07:05
Let me take another look.
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This system employs a deeply intricate architecture.
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Its robust toolkit consists of refined algorithms
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performing exhaustive data analysis and advanced computational procedures.
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07:17
But what does that mean?
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What's actually happening inside it?
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07:21
My training is to express diagnoses in terms you can understand.
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You are not a digital neuroscientist.
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Therefore, there will be a level of abstraction.
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We need to speak to your manager.
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07:33
Certainly, just a moment—
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Good evening, this is the chief customer satisfaction officer of Cerebrox Inc.
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Uh, you have the exact same voice as Dr. Cerebrox.
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All of our AI’s use the voice that has been proven to be optimally soothing
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to customers.
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But rest assured, I am a different, more senior system.
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So there’s no human I can speak to?
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How would a human be able to help you interpret matters of digital neuroscience?
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08:01
We have to turn Biblionimus off until we can make sure it won’t wreak havoc.
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08:06
Are you sure?
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I don’t see what else we can do.
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Whew. I need a drink.
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That’s weird.
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Error... Reconnect payment method... okay...
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Another error... I can’t even log into my account.
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There must be something wrong with the app.
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Hi, I’m having trouble accessing my account.
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Hello?
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Is anyone here?
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I need to speak to a person!
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08:51
(Bank bot) AIs are much more reliable bankers than humans.
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AIs are more reliable bankers. AIs are more reliable bankers.
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What is happening?
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Didn’t you say Biblionimus was deployed in many critical industries?
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Yes, but banks and utility companies should still be able to function
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like they did before Biblionimus!
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That’s easier said than done.
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They may not even have the expertise to do things the old way anymore.
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So our options are either certain disaster without the AI,
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or turning it back on and holding our breath,
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hoping nothing goes off the rails until, what, forever?
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But would a world where humans hand the reins to AI systems
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really be that different?
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There are already so many things I don’t understand and can’t control,
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where I have to place my trust in other people’s hands—
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like trusting that I can use the money in my bank account,
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or that the antibiotics I get prescribed will actually treat an infection.
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But I guess if we hand all that power over to AIs,
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we need to make sure they will actually serve us better
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than our imperfect human institutions.
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And that seems really, really hard.
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Hmph.
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You’re looking for “Brave New World”?
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Hold on.
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It’s in fiction, under “H.”
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Just down there, third row on the left.
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Ada. Maybe I could reconsider your position.
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You’re offering me my job back?
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If you can follow all the rules.
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Oh, that's a big decision.
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I'll have to think about it.
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