Modal Verbs and Semi Modal Verbs | Learn English Grammar Course

168,756 views ãƒģ 2022-04-14

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤

00:00
Hello, I’m Alex with Shaw English.
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āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āωāχāĻĨ āĻļ āχāĻ‚āϞāĻŋāĻļāĨ¤
00:03
In this video, I’m going to teach you the basics about modal and semi-modal verbs.
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āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋ-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
00:10
A lot of my students ask me about how and when to use modal verbs.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āϜāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāϏāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
00:17
I’m going to teach you the basic English grammar and the situations when you will need
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇
00:25
to use a modal verb.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
00:27
There's a lot of information in this video.
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āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
00:31
Be sure to watch until the end because there's a quiz and homework.
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āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ…āĻŦāϧāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧁āχāϜ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
00:38
Let's get started.
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āϚāϞ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ.
00:42
So what is a modal verb?
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āϤāĻžāχ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?
00:45
Modal verbs are helping verbs or auxiliary verbs.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
00:49
They give more information and more specific meaning to the main verb in a sentence.
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āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰāĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤
00:58
Modal verbs can express ability, suggestion, permission, certainty, possibility.
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āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž, āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ, āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ, āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤāϤāĻž, āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
01:09
I will briefly talk about all of these usages in this video.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĨ¤
01:14
Let's move on.
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āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
01:15
Let's have a look at the grammar rules of modal verbs.
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āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
01:21
I can swim very well.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāρāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
01:24
‘can’ is our modal verb.
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'can' āĻšāϞ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
01:26
Modal verbs always come first before the main verb in a verb phrase.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
01:35
Here's our main verb.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
01:37
Here is our modal verb – ‘can’ comes first.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž - 'can' āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤
01:41
I can swim very well.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāρāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
01:45
Let's look at the next sentence.
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āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
01:48
You should be more careful.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
01:53
Modal verbs are followed by a bare infinitive.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āχāύāĻĢāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
01:59
This is our bare infinitive.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āχāύāĻĢāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ­āĨ¤
02:01
There is no ‘to’ after ‘should’.
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'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ'-āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 'āϟ⧁' āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
02:06
‘You should to be more careful’ is wrong.
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'āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āϭ⧁āϞāĨ¤
02:11
‘You should be more careful’ is correct.
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'āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
02:17
Let's have a look at the next sentence.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
02:20
You have to eat quickly.
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āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
02:24
Semi-modal verbs are followed by ‘to’ in a sentence.
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āϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋ-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ 'to' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
02:31
You have to eat quickly.
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āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
02:35
Hang on.
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āϞ⧇āϗ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž.
02:36
I just taught you not to use ‘to’.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ 'āϟ⧁' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:40
When you have ‘should’, don't use ‘to’. ‘should’ is a modal verb.
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āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, 'āϟ⧁' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤ 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
02:45
‘have to’ is a semi-modal verb.
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'have to' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāϧāĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
02:47
How do you know this?
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āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āχāĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϜāĻžāύ⧋?
02:48
Please just memorize it.
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āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻāϟāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇.
02:51
‘You have to eat quickly’ is correct.
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'āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
02:57
Moving on.
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āϏāϰāĻžāύ⧋.
02:58
Layla works hard.
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āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāϞāĻž āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
03:02
Here we have an ‘s’ ending.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 's' āĻļ⧇āώ āφāϛ⧇.
03:05
This is correct.
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āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
03:06
Layla must work hard.
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āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāϞāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
03:10
There is no ‘s’ here.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'āϏ' āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
03:14
And there is no ‘s’ on the modal.
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āφāϰ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄā§‡āϞ⧇ 'āϏ' āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
03:18
When we have modal verbs, we never put ‘s,’ ‘ed,’ or ‘ing’ endings.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ–āύāχ 's,' 'ed,' āĻŦāĻž 'ing' āĻļ⧇āώ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
03:28
‘Layla must work hard’ is correct.
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'āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāϞāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
03:33
Lastly, let's look at negatives.
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āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇, āĻāϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύāĨ¤
03:36
I eat.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāχ.
03:38
I don't eat.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāχ āύāĻžāĨ¤
03:41
‘don't’ is our negative.
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'āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž' āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āĨ¤
03:45
I should eat.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
03:47
I should not eat.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
03:50
‘not’ is our negative.
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'āύāĻž' āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•āĨ¤
03:53
When we have a modal verb, we do not use ‘doesn't’ or ‘don't’ here.
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āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ 'doesn't āĻŦāĻž 'dont' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
04:01
We only use ‘not’.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 'āύāĻž' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
04:04
‘I should not eat’ is correct.
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'āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧ' āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
04:08
Now that we know more about the grammar of modal verbs,
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āĻāĻ–āύ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ,
04:12
let's move on and look at some more examples.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
04:16
Let's take a look at some more modal verbs.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
04:19
These ones express ability.
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āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āχ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
04:21
‘can’ and ‘able to’ I can dance.
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' āφāĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻžāϚāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
04:26
‘can’ is our modal verb.
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'can' āĻšāϞ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
04:28
It shows we have an ability.
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āĻāϟāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
04:30
I can dance.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āύāĻžāϚāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ.
04:33
I can't sing.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻ—āĻžāχāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
04:36
‘can't’ inability.
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĨ¤
04:37
I can't sing.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāύ āĻ—āĻžāχāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
04:39
‘can't’ is a contraction of ‘cannot’.
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž' āĻšāϞ 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž' āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĨ¤
04:43
I’m able to swim.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻžāρāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
04:45
‘able to’ ‘able to’ is a semi-modal verb.
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāϧāĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
04:51
We know that because ‘to’ is here.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ 'to' āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
04:54
I’m able to swim.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻžāρāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϟāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
04:57
I’m not able to cook.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻžāĨ¤
05:00
‘able to’ uses ‘not’ in negative form.
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'āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ' āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ 'āύāĻž' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
05:05
‘I’m not able to cook’ shows inability.
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'āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύāĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:10
Let's move on some more examples.
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āĻāϰ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāϞ⧁āύ.
05:12
Let's take a look at some modals that express advice and suggestions.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āύāϜāϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
05:18
‘should’ ‘shouldn't’
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'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧ' 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧ'
05:21
‘ought to’ ‘ought not to’
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ
05:25
You should stop smoking.
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āϧ⧂āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤
05:27
‘should’ is a modal that gives us advice or suggestion.
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'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āϝāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:32
‘You should stop smoking.’
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'āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋā§Ž.'
05:36
Good advice.
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āϏāĻĻ⧁āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ.
05:38
You shouldn't drink so much.
85
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāϤ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:41
‘shouldn't’ is a contraction of ‘should not’.
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'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž' āĻšāϞ 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧ'-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĨ¤
05:46
You shouldn't drink so much.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻāϤ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
05:49
Good advice.
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āϏāĻĻ⧁āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ.
05:51
You ought to prepare for the test.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
05:55
‘ought to’ is a semi-modal.
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'wught to' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāϧāĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāϞāĨ¤
05:58
Here's that ‘to’.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝ⧇ 'āϟ⧁'.
06:00
You ought to prepare for the test.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
06:03
A suggestion and some good advice.
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āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ.
06:07
You ought not to be worried.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ—ā§āύ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
06:10
Here's that ‘not’.
95
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϝ⧇ 'āύāĻž'.
06:11
The negative form.
96
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āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒāĨ¤
06:13
You ought not to be worried.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ—ā§āύ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
06:16
Good advice.
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āϏāĻĻ⧁āĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ.
06:17
Now, ‘ought not to’ is not that common, but you may hear it once in a while.
99
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āĻāĻ–āύ, 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāĻž āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āϤ⧇āĻŽāύ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āύāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
06:25
Let's move on to some more examples.
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āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāϪ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
06:28
Let's look at some modal verbs that express permission.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
06:32
‘may’ ‘may not’
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'āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇' 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž'
06:35
‘can’ ‘can't’
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇' 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž'
06:38
‘could and ‘can’, again.
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇' āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇'āĨ¤
06:42
You may leave class early.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
06:45
‘may’ is our modal verb.
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'may' āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
06:47
It expresses permission very politely.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāύāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
06:51
Maybe your teacher will not say this.
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āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ• āĻāχ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
06:54
You may leave class early.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
06:57
You may not be allowed to enter.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
07:01
‘may not’ that's our modal verb in negative.
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'āύāĻžāĻ“ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇' āĻāϟāĻž āύ⧇āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
07:06
You do not have permission to enter.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
07:10
You can go home now.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
07:13
We talked about ‘can’ and it was used for ability.
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
07:18
‘can’ is also used for permission.
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ“ 'can' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
07:22
You can go home now.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
07:24
You have permission to go home now.
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āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
07:28
You can't come home late.
118
448518
2602
āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
07:31
‘can't’ You do not have permission to come home late.
119
451120
6120
'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž' āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
07:37
Here are some questions.
120
457240
2034
āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤
07:39
‘could’ ‘could’ is a modal verb.
121
459274
3621
'could' 'could' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
07:42
Could I leave early?
122
462895
2545
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āϚāϞ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ?
07:45
We're asking for permission.
123
465440
2782
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχāĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
07:48
Can I help you?
124
468222
2208
āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ?
07:50
Again, asking for permission.
125
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āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĨ¤
07:53
Let's have a look at some more examples.
126
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āĻāϰ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϟāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāĻĒāĻžāϤ āφāϛ⧇.
07:56
Let's look at a modal that expresses certainty.
127
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
08:00
‘must’ and ‘mustn't’.
128
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āύāϝāĻŧ'āĨ¤
08:03
You must study English.
129
483911
3034
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
08:06
‘must’ is a very strong modal.
130
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3055
'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ' āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞāĨ¤
08:10
It expresses certainty.
131
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āĻāϟāĻž āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
08:12
You have to study English.
132
492529
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āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
08:15
You have no other choice.
133
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2250
āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āφāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
08:17
You must study English.
134
497259
3432
āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
08:20
You mustn't cheat on the test.
135
500691
4008
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
08:24
‘mustn’t’ is a contraction of ‘must not’.
136
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ' āĻšāϞ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āύāϝāĻŧ'-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĨ¤
08:29
Again, it is very strong.
137
509039
3368
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀āĨ¤
08:32
This is not a suggestion.
138
512407
2413
āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āύāϝāĻŧ.
08:34
You have no other choice.
139
514820
2170
āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āφāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤
08:36
You mustn't cheat on the test.
140
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻžāĨ¤
08:40
Let's look at our next example.
141
520208
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āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāύ.
08:42
Let's have a look at some modal verbs that express possibility.
142
522817
5627
āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ• āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
08:48
‘could’ ‘couldn't’
143
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇' 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž'
08:50
‘might’ ‘might not’
144
530524
2323
'āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇' 'āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž' 'āĻšāϤ⧇
08:52
‘may’ ‘may not’
145
532847
2583
āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇' 'āύāĻžāĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇'
08:55
He could be smart.
146
535430
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āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
08:57
It's possible.
147
537971
2050
āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ.
09:00
Possible means we are not hundred percent sure.
148
540021
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āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻļāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āύāχāĨ¤
09:04
We don't really know. That's a possibility.
149
544720
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āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻž. āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤
09:08
He could be smart.
150
548300
2222
āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
09:10
Maybe he's smart, maybe he's not.
151
550522
3298
āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϏ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ, āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϏ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:13
He couldn't be lazy.
152
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āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ…āϞāϏ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
09:16
He couldn't.
153
556750
2703
āϏ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤
09:19
‘couldn't’ is a contraction of ‘could not’.
154
559453
3439
'couldn't' āĻšāϞ 'could not'-āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧋āϚāύāĨ¤
09:22
Maybe he's lazy, maybe he's not.
155
562892
2938
āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϏ⧇ āĻ…āϞāϏ, āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϏ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:25
It's a possibility.
156
565830
1490
āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤
09:27
We don't really know.
157
567320
2506
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻž.
09:29
She might be late might.
158
569826
2494
āϏ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϰ⧀ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
09:32
Might. It's possible.
159
572320
2280
āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇. āĻāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ.
09:34
She's going to be late but again we don't really know.
160
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4977
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϰ⧀ āĻšāϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻž.
09:39
She might not be healthy.
161
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āϏ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧāϤ⧋ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
09:42
She could be healthy, she could not be healthy.
162
582690
2790
āϏ⧇ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϏ⧇ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
09:45
It's a possibility.
163
585480
1650
āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤
09:47
We're not very sure.
164
587130
2769
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϖ⧁āĻŦ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āύāχāĨ¤
09:49
They may be friendly.
165
589899
2121
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
09:52
Again, it's a possibility.
166
592020
2610
āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž.
09:54
We're not sure.
167
594630
1899
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āύāχāĨ¤
09:56
They may not be quiet.
168
596529
2511
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϚ⧁āĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤
09:59
We don't really know.
169
599040
1640
āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāχ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ āύāĻž.
10:00
It's a possibility.
170
600680
1921
āĻāϟāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāĨ¤
10:02
Let's move on to some extra practice.
171
602601
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤
10:06
Let's do some examples together.
172
606191
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āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
10:09
advice - This sentence expresses advice.
173
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āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ - āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
10:15
You're dirty.
174
615362
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āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āύ⧋āĻ‚āϰāĻžāĨ¤
10:17
You_____ take a shower.
175
617255
3165
āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ _____ āĻ—ā§‹āϏāϞ āĻ•āϰāĨ¤
10:20
Which modal expresses advice?
176
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āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āωāĻĒāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇?
10:23
Correct. ‘should’ You're dirty.
177
623800
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āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ 'āωāϚāĻŋāϤ' āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āύ⧋āĻ‚āϰāĻžāĨ¤
10:27
You should take a shower.
178
627750
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§‹āϏāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ.
10:36
inability - This example shows inability.
179
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āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž - āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
10:40
Sorry, I _____ help you.
180
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āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ–āĻŋāϤ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ _____ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
10:44
Which modal expresses inability?
181
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āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇?
10:48
Well, we know ‘can’ expresses ability.
182
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āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāύāĻŋ 'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ' āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
10:53
‘can't’ expresses inability.
183
653450
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'āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
10:57
Sorry, I can't help you.
184
657499
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āĻĻ⧁āσāĻ–āĻŋāϤ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ āύāĻž
11:05
permission - This example shows permission.
185
665699
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āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ - āĻāχ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
11:09
____ I give you some advice?
186
669410
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__āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ?
11:13
Which modals show us permission?
187
673279
4144
āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ?
11:17
That's right.
188
677423
1297
āϏ⧇āϟāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
11:18
‘could’ or ‘can’ are both modals that show permission.
189
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'could' āĻŦāĻž 'can' āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āϝāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
11:23
Let's use ‘could’.
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āĻāϰ 'could' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
11:25
Could I give you some advice?
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ?
11:32
certainty - You _____ be late for your final exam.
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āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤāϤāĻž - āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ _____ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
11:38
Which modal expresses certainty?
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āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇?
11:41
‘must’ You must be late for your final exam.
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ' āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
11:46
Wait a second.
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āĻāĻ• āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ.
11:48
You must not be late for your final exam.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
11:51
That's correct.
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āĻāϟāĻžāχ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
11:58
possibility - She ___ be rich.
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āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž - āϏ⧇ ___ āϧāύ⧀ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
12:02
Which modals express possibility?
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āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇?
12:07
‘could’ or ‘might’ are both good choices.
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'could' āĻŦāĻž 'might' āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĨ¤
12:10
Let's use ‘might’.
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āφāϏ⧁āύ 'might' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
12:12
She might be rich.
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āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϧāύ⧀ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇.
12:18
Great job, everyone.
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āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻžāϜ, āϏāĻŦāĻžāχ.
12:20
Let's move on.
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āϚāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āχ.
12:21
This was just a brief look at modal verbs.
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āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšā§‡āĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāĨ¤
12:25
I have a lot more information that I hope to give you in future videos.
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āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĨ¤
12:30
For now, let's look at the homework.
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āφāĻĒāĻžāϤāϤ, āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāχāĨ¤
12:33
I want you to practice using ‘ought to’.
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āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϚāĻžāχ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ' āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤
12:37
Please give me some life advice using ought to in the comments below.
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āύ⧀āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇ āωāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāύ.
12:44
Also, don't forget the quiz.
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āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āϕ⧁āχāϜ āϭ⧁āϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž.
12:47
You can find the link for the quiz in the video description below.
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āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āύ⧀āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāϰāϪ⧇ āϕ⧁āχāĻœā§‡āϰ āϞāĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
12:53
Good luck and see you in the next video.
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āĻļ⧁āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāύāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤
āĻāχ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāϟ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇

āĻāχ āϏāĻžāχāϟāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ YouTube āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻž āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻŋāϤ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻŦāϟāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡āϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇⧎ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇, āĻāχ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ.

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