Modal Verbs and Semi Modal Verbs | Learn English Grammar Course

158,604 views ãƒģ 2022-04-14

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āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŸāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ—ā§āĻ°āĻš āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻŦāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡āĻŸā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛-āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤

00:00
Hello, I’m Alex with Shaw English.
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āĻšā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻ¸ āĻ‰āĻ‡āĻĨ āĻļ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ˛āĻŋāĻļāĨ¤
00:03
In this video, I’m going to teach you the basics about modal and semi-modal verbs.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
00:10
A lot of my students ask me about how and when to use modal verbs.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻœāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāĻ¸āĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
00:17
I’m going to teach you the basic English grammar and the situations when you will need
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻļā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡
00:25
to use a modal verb.
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
00:27
There's a lot of information in this video.
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āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
00:31
Be sure to watch until the end because there's a quiz and homework.
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āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ§āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšā§‹āĻŽāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
00:38
Let's get started.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ.
00:42
So what is a modal verb?
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻŋ?
00:45
Modal verbs are helping verbs or auxiliary verbs.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§€ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻ¸āĻšāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ• āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
00:49
They give more information and more specific meaning to the main verb in a sentence.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
00:58
Modal verbs can express ability, suggestion, permission, certainty, possibility.
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āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž, āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ, āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ, āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
01:09
I will briefly talk about all of these usages in this video.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇā§‡āĻĒā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦāĨ¤
01:14
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
01:15
Let's have a look at the grammar rules of modal verbs.
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āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻŽāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
01:21
I can swim very well.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
01:24
‘can’ is our modal verb.
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'can' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
01:26
Modal verbs always come first before the main verb in a verb phrase.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
01:35
Here's our main verb.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
01:37
Here is our modal verb – ‘can’ comes first.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž - 'can' āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻ†āĻ¸ā§‡āĨ¤
01:41
I can swim very well.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
01:45
Let's look at the next sentence.
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āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡āĻ° āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
01:48
You should be more careful.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
01:53
Modal verbs are followed by a bare infinitive.
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āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ­ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
01:59
This is our bare infinitive.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻĢāĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋāĻŸāĻŋāĻ­āĨ¤
02:01
There is no ‘to’ after ‘should’.
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'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤'-āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻŸā§' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
02:06
‘You should to be more careful’ is wrong.
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĨ¤
02:11
‘You should be more careful’ is correct.
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'āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ¤āĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
02:17
Let's have a look at the next sentence.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
02:20
You have to eat quickly.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
02:24
Semi-modal verbs are followed by ‘to’ in a sentence.
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŽāĻŋ-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯ā§‡ 'to' āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
02:31
You have to eat quickly.
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
02:35
Hang on.
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āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ—ā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž.
02:36
I just taught you not to use ‘to’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ 'āĻŸā§' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
02:40
When you have ‘should’, don't use ‘to’. ‘should’ is a modal verb.
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āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, 'āĻŸā§' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
02:45
‘have to’ is a semi-modal verb.
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'have to' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§āĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
02:47
How do you know this?
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ‡āĻšāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨ā§‹?
02:48
Please just memorize it.
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āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡.
02:51
‘You have to eat quickly’ is correct.
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'āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
02:57
Moving on.
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āĻ¸āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§‹.
02:58
Layla works hard.
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āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻž āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
03:02
Here we have an ‘s’ ending.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ 's' āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
03:05
This is correct.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
03:06
Layla must work hard.
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āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
03:10
There is no ‘s’ here.
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'āĻ¸' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
03:14
And there is no ‘s’ on the modal.
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āĻ†āĻ° āĻŽā§‹āĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡ 'āĻ¸' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
03:18
When we have modal verbs, we never put ‘s,’ ‘ed,’ or ‘ing’ endings.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ‡ 's,' 'ed,' āĻŦāĻž 'ing' āĻļā§‡āĻˇ āĻ°āĻžāĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
03:28
‘Layla must work hard’ is correct.
47
208178
4945
'āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ˛āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻļā§āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡' āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
03:33
Lastly, let's look at negatives.
48
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āĻ¸āĻŦāĻļā§‡āĻˇā§‡, āĻāĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨āĨ¤
03:36
I eat.
49
216753
1691
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡.
03:38
I don't eat.
50
218444
2725
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
03:41
‘don't’ is our negative.
51
221169
4672
'āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤
03:45
I should eat.
52
225841
2087
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
03:47
I should not eat.
53
227928
3031
āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
03:50
‘not’ is our negative.
54
230959
2480
'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĨ¤
03:53
When we have a modal verb, we do not use ‘doesn't’ or ‘don't’ here.
55
233439
7905
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ 'doesn't āĻŦāĻž 'dont' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
04:01
We only use ‘not’.
56
241344
2712
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ° 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
04:04
‘I should not eat’ is correct.
57
244056
4393
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ–āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ' āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤
04:08
Now that we know more about the grammar of modal verbs,
58
248449
3768
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻšā§‡āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ,
04:12
let's move on and look at some more examples.
59
252217
3891
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋāĨ¤
04:16
Let's take a look at some more modal verbs.
60
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3351
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
04:19
These ones express ability.
61
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āĻāĻ—ā§āĻ˛ā§‹āĻ‡ āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
04:21
‘can’ and ‘able to’ I can dance.
62
261950
4340
'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
04:26
‘can’ is our modal verb.
63
266290
2010
'can' āĻšāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
04:28
It shows we have an ability.
64
268300
2339
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:30
I can dance.
65
270639
2691
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ.
04:33
I can't sing.
66
273330
2760
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
04:36
‘can't’ inability.
67
276090
1340
'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĨ¤
04:37
I can't sing.
68
277430
1690
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻžāĻ‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
04:39
‘can't’ is a contraction of ‘cannot’.
69
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4060
'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
04:43
I’m able to swim.
70
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
04:45
‘able to’ ‘able to’ is a semi-modal verb.
71
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§āĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
04:51
We know that because ‘to’ is here.
72
291020
3043
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ 'to' āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
04:54
I’m able to swim.
73
294063
2958
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻŸāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
04:57
I’m not able to cook.
74
297021
3477
āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
05:00
‘able to’ uses ‘not’ in negative form.
75
300498
4844
'āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽ' āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
05:05
‘I’m not able to cook’ shows inability.
76
305342
4658
'āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ°āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:10
Let's move on some more examples.
77
310000
2795
āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻ¨.
05:12
Let's take a look at some modals that express advice and suggestions.
78
312795
6069
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻœāĻ° āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
05:18
‘should’ ‘shouldn't’
79
318864
2431
'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ' 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'
05:21
‘ought to’ ‘ought not to’
80
321295
3732
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°
05:25
You should stop smoking.
81
325027
2783
āĻ§ā§‚āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĨ¤
05:27
‘should’ is a modal that gives us advice or suggestion.
82
327810
5139
'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§‡āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:32
‘You should stop smoking.’
83
332949
3241
'āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ§ā§āĻŽāĻĒāĻžāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋā§Ž.'
05:36
Good advice.
84
336190
2038
āĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ.
05:38
You shouldn't drink so much.
85
338228
2801
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:41
‘shouldn't’ is a contraction of ‘should not’.
86
341029
5034
'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
05:46
You shouldn't drink so much.
87
346063
2962
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ¤ āĻŦā§‡āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
05:49
Good advice.
88
349025
2268
āĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ.
05:51
You ought to prepare for the test.
89
351293
3834
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
05:55
‘ought to’ is a semi-modal.
90
355127
2983
'wught to' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻ§āĻž-āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻžāĻ˛āĨ¤
05:58
Here's that ‘to’.
91
358110
2290
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ 'āĻŸā§'.
06:00
You ought to prepare for the test.
92
360400
3139
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
06:03
A suggestion and some good advice.
93
363539
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āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ.
06:07
You ought not to be worried.
94
367082
3320
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
06:10
Here's that ‘not’.
95
370402
1278
āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡ 'āĻ¨āĻž'.
06:11
The negative form.
96
371680
1989
āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ°ā§‚āĻĒāĨ¤
06:13
You ought not to be worried.
97
373669
2874
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ—ā§āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
06:16
Good advice.
98
376543
1352
āĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ.
06:17
Now, ‘ought not to’ is not that common, but you may hear it once in a while.
99
377895
7373
āĻāĻ–āĻ¨, 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻ¤ā§‡āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ, āĻ¤āĻŦā§‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻļā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:25
Let's move on to some more examples.
100
385268
2976
āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
06:28
Let's look at some modal verbs that express permission.
101
388244
4743
āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻŋ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
06:32
‘may’ ‘may not’
102
392987
2647
'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž'
06:35
‘can’ ‘can't’
103
395634
3159
'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž'
06:38
‘could and ‘can’, again.
104
398793
3933
'āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡' āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° 'āĻĒāĻžāĻŦā§‡'āĨ¤
06:42
You may leave class early.
105
402726
2841
āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ›ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:45
‘may’ is our modal verb.
106
405567
1852
'may' āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
06:47
It expresses permission very politely.
107
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ° āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
06:51
Maybe your teacher will not say this.
108
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āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻ• āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
06:54
You may leave class early.
109
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ āĻ›ā§‡āĻĄāĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
06:57
You may not be allowed to enter.
110
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
07:01
‘may not’ that's our modal verb in negative.
111
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'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ“ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡' āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ¤āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ• āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
07:06
You do not have permission to enter.
112
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§‡āĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
07:10
You can go home now.
113
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:13
We talked about ‘can’ and it was used for ability.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāĻ˛ā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšā§ƒāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛āĨ¤
07:18
‘can’ is also used for permission.
115
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ“ 'can' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
07:22
You can go home now.
116
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
07:24
You have permission to go home now.
117
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āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
07:28
You can't come home late.
118
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
07:31
‘can't’ You do not have permission to come home late.
119
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ†āĻ¸āĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
07:37
Here are some questions.
120
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āĻāĻ–āĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻļā§āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
07:39
‘could’ ‘could’ is a modal verb.
121
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'could' 'could' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĨ¤
07:42
Could I leave early?
122
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻšāĻ˛ā§‡ āĻ¯ā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?
07:45
We're asking for permission.
123
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤
07:48
Can I help you?
124
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?
07:50
Again, asking for permission.
125
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡āĨ¤
07:53
Let's have a look at some more examples.
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āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ°ā§‹ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŸāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡.
07:56
Let's look at a modal that expresses certainty.
127
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
08:00
‘must’ and ‘mustn't’.
128
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡' āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'āĨ¤
08:03
You must study English.
129
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
08:06
‘must’ is a very strong modal.
130
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡' āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛āĨ¤
08:10
It expresses certainty.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
08:12
You have to study English.
132
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āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
08:15
You have no other choice.
133
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āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
08:17
You must study English.
134
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ‡āĻ‚āĻ°ā§‡āĻœāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
08:20
You mustn't cheat on the test.
135
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
08:24
‘mustn’t’ is a contraction of ‘must not’.
136
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡' āĻšāĻ˛ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
08:29
Again, it is very strong.
137
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻļāĻ•ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§€āĨ¤
08:32
This is not a suggestion.
138
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧ.
08:34
You have no other choice.
139
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āĻ¤ā§‹āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ‡āĨ¤
08:36
You mustn't cheat on the test.
140
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ¯āĻŧ āĻ āĻ•āĻžāĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
08:40
Let's look at our next example.
141
520208
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨.
08:42
Let's have a look at some modal verbs that express possibility.
142
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–ā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ• āĻ¯āĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
08:48
‘could’ ‘couldn't’
143
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡' 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž'
08:50
‘might’ ‘might not’
144
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'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡' 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' 'āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡
08:52
‘may’ ‘may not’
145
532847
2583
āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡' 'āĻ¨āĻžāĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡'
08:55
He could be smart.
146
535430
2541
āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
08:57
It's possible.
147
537971
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ.
09:00
Possible means we are not hundred percent sure.
148
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āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āĻ¯ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻļāĻ¤āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤
09:04
We don't really know. That's a possibility.
149
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž. āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:08
He could be smart.
150
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2222
āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
09:10
Maybe he's smart, maybe he's not.
151
550522
3298
āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŸ, āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:13
He couldn't be lazy.
152
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ˛āĻ¸ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
09:16
He couldn't.
153
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āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĻŋāĨ¤
09:19
‘couldn't’ is a contraction of ‘could not’.
154
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'couldn't' āĻšāĻ˛ 'could not'-āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§‹āĻšāĻ¨āĨ¤
09:22
Maybe he's lazy, maybe he's not.
155
562892
2938
āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ˛āĻ¸, āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:25
It's a possibility.
156
565830
1490
āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:27
We don't really know.
157
567320
2506
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
09:29
She might be late might.
158
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āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°ā§€ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡.
09:32
Might. It's possible.
159
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āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡. āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ.
09:34
She's going to be late but again we don't really know.
160
574600
4977
āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°ā§€ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻšā§āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
09:39
She might not be healthy.
161
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āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻšāĻ¯āĻŧāĻ¤ā§‹ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
09:42
She could be healthy, she could not be healthy.
162
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āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡, āĻ¸ā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:45
It's a possibility.
163
585480
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:47
We're not very sure.
164
587130
2769
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ–ā§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤
09:49
They may be friendly.
165
589899
2121
āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ§ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
09:52
Again, it's a possibility.
166
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āĻ†āĻŦāĻžāĻ°, āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž.
09:54
We're not sure.
167
594630
1899
āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ‡āĨ¤
09:56
They may not be quiet.
168
596529
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āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻž āĻšā§āĻĒ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
09:59
We don't really know.
169
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻ¸āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŋāĻ‡ āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨āĻž.
10:00
It's a possibility.
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āĻāĻŸāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻž āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
10:02
Let's move on to some extra practice.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ…āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ°āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻāĻ—āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§‡ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
10:06
Let's do some examples together.
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻžāĻĨā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
10:09
advice - This sentence expresses advice.
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āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ - āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ¯āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
10:15
You're dirty.
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‹āĻ‚āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
10:17
You_____ take a shower.
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āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ _____ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĨ¤
10:20
Which modal expresses advice?
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ‰āĻĒāĻĻā§‡āĻļ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?
10:23
Correct. ‘should’ You're dirty.
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āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĨ¤ 'āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤' āĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¨ā§‹āĻ‚āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
10:27
You should take a shower.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ¸āĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤.
10:36
inability - This example shows inability.
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āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž - āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
10:40
Sorry, I _____ help you.
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āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ _____ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
10:44
Which modal expresses inability?
181
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?
10:48
Well, we know ‘can’ expresses ability.
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āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻ˛, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°āĻž āĻœāĻžāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ' āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
10:53
‘can't’ expresses inability.
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'āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦā§‡ āĻ¨āĻž' āĻ…āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĨ¤
10:57
Sorry, I can't help you.
184
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āĻĻā§āĻƒāĻ–āĻŋāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¸āĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻž
11:05
permission - This example shows permission.
185
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āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ - āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻĻāĻžāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
11:09
____ I give you some advice?
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__āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦ?
11:13
Which modals show us permission?
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§‡āĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¨?
11:17
That's right.
188
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āĻ¸ā§‡āĻŸāĻž āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
11:18
‘could’ or ‘can’ are both modals that show permission.
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'could' āĻŦāĻž 'can' āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ¤āĻŋ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻžāĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
11:23
Let's use ‘could’.
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āĻāĻ° 'could' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ¯āĻžāĻ•āĨ¤
11:25
Could I give you some advice?
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ?
11:32
certainty - You _____ be late for your final exam.
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āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž - āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ _____ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡āĻ›ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
11:38
Which modal expresses certainty?
193
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻļā§āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤āĻ¤āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?
11:41
‘must’ You must be late for your final exam.
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'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡' āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
11:46
Wait a second.
195
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āĻāĻ• āĻ¸ā§‡āĻ•ā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ…āĻĒā§‡āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻž āĻ•āĻ°.
11:48
You must not be late for your final exam.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ° āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§€āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻžāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§‡āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°āĻž āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻŧāĨ¤
11:51
That's correct.
197
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āĻāĻŸāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ āĻŋāĻ•.
11:58
possibility - She ___ be rich.
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āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž - āĻ¸ā§‡ ___ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
12:02
Which modals express possibility?
199
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āĻ•ā§‹āĻ¨ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ¨āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡?
12:07
‘could’ or ‘might’ are both good choices.
200
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'could' āĻŦāĻž 'might' āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯āĻŧāĻ‡ āĻ­āĻžāĻ˛ā§‹ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĨ¤
12:10
Let's use ‘might’.
201
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āĻ†āĻ¸ā§āĻ¨ 'might' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
12:12
She might be rich.
202
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āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ§āĻ¨ā§€ āĻšāĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡.
12:18
Great job, everyone.
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āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻžāĻœ, āĻ¸āĻŦāĻžāĻ‡.
12:20
Let's move on.
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āĻšāĻ˛ āĻāĻ—ā§‹āĻ‡.
12:21
This was just a brief look at modal verbs.
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āĻāĻŸāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻ˛ āĻ•ā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧāĻžāĻ—ā§āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ¸āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āĻˇāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ¤ āĻšā§‡āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
12:25
I have a lot more information that I hope to give you in future videos.
206
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻ›ā§‡ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§‡āĻ• āĻ¤āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ›ā§‡ āĻ¯āĻž āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ¯āĻ¤ā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻŦ āĻ†āĻļāĻž āĻ•āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤
12:30
For now, let's look at the homework.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻ¤, āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻ° āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻ‡āĨ¤
12:33
I want you to practice using ‘ought to’.
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āĻ†āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ 'āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āĻ¯āĻ‡' āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āĻļā§€āĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤
12:37
Please give me some life advice using ought to in the comments below.
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āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŦā§āĻ¯ā§‡ āĻ‰āĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ā§‡ āĻ†āĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§‡ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ›ā§ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ¨.
12:44
Also, don't forget the quiz.
210
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āĻāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ“, āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœ āĻ­ā§āĻ˛āĻŦā§‡āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž.
12:47
You can find the link for the quiz in the video description below.
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āĻ†āĻĒāĻ¨āĻŋ āĻ¨ā§€āĻšā§‡āĻ° āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖā§‡ āĻ•ā§āĻ‡āĻœā§‡āĻ° āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻŸāĻŋ āĻ–ā§āĻāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§‡āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§‡āĻ¨āĨ¤
12:53
Good luck and see you in the next video.
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āĻļā§āĻ­āĻ•āĻžāĻŽāĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¤ā§€ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻ¤ā§‡ āĻĻā§‡āĻ–āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§‡āĨ¤
āĻāĻ‡ āĻ“āĻ¯āĻŧā§‡āĻŦāĻ¸āĻžāĻ‡āĻŸ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•ā§‡

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https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7