How to Use MODAL VERBS in English Like a Native

29,706 views ใƒป 2021-12-10

RealLife English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:11
Okay. So, we use โ€˜mustโ€™ for obligations.  
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด์— 'must'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
โ€œHe must... be workingโ€. Wait,  that doesnโ€™t make any sense. 
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"๊ทธ๋Š”... ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž ๊น, ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
00:24
Oh, well. Let me play the next phrase without  subtitles and I`ll see if I can understand it.
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์˜ค, ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์ž๋ง‰ ์—†์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์„ ์žฌ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
Okay. He said โ€œYou should told  meโ€. I think I got this one.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ์ง€ "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
Oh! He said โ€œYou should HAVE told me.โ€
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์˜ค! ๊ทธ๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
But I didnโ€™t hear that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
If you have been learning English for a while,  you have probably studied something called  
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ํ•œ๋™์•ˆ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋งˆ "์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:12
โ€œModal Verbsโ€. For example, you probably  know that we use โ€œMustโ€ for obligations,  
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์˜๋ฌด์—๋Š” 'Must',
01:17
โ€œMay, Might or Couldโ€ for possibilities  and โ€œShouldโ€ for suggestions, right?  
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์—๋Š” 'May, Might or Could', ์ œ์•ˆ์—๋Š” 'Should'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:23
But did you know that there are more  advanced ways to use these words in English? 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
01:28
In this video, you are going to learn  three advanced aspects of Modal Verbs.  
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์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Take a look at these letters on the screen. Each letter refers to one of the advanced  
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ํ™”๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธ€์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ž๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
uses of modal verbs we will be discussing  today. Can you guess what they stand for? 
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. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:49
So stick around until the end of  this lesson because you will learn  
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01:52
what these letters stand for and how to  use Modal Verbs in a more advanced way. 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
01:58
But before we start, in case youโ€™re new here, our  main goal here at RealLife English is to guide you  
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด RealLife English์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜์—ฌ
02:05
beyond the classroom so that you can understand  anyone, be understood and connect to the world.  
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Just like our subscriber Diana, who has been  learning something new with our videos every day.  
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๋งค์ผ ๋™์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋…์ž Diana์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
So if you want to feel confident with your English  and become a citizen of the world make sure  
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์— ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:23
you hit the subscribe and the bell button down  below so you donโ€™t miss any of our new lessons.
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๊ตฌ๋…์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ  ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒจ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋†“์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:30
Number one, deduction. To make a deduction  means to reach a conclusion after thinking  
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ณต์ œ. ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:37
about the known facts. Let me tell  you a bit about a girl named Sarah.  
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. Sarah๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Sarah has a brother, Matt, who is two years older  than her. They have always gotten along well,  
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Sarah์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ Matt๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์ง€
02:48
but theyโ€™ve recently fallen out with each other.  You see, Sarah was playing in her room with one of  
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๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Sarah๋Š”
02:55
Mattโ€™s toys, one of his favorite superhero action  figures. When Matt saw his sister playing with his  
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Matt๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šˆํผ ํžˆ์–ด๋กœ ์•ก์…˜ ํ”ผ๊ฒจ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ Matt์˜ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Matt๋Š” ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์ด ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
03:01
toy, he got really angry, took the toy away from  her and started yelling at her. Sarah then kicked  
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์ •๋ง ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์„œ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š”
03:08
her brotherโ€™s leg and ran away. Furious, Matt  yelled again. โ€œIโ€™ll never play with you again!โ€. 
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์˜ค๋น ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋„๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ Matt๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ž‘ ์•ˆ๋†€์•„!"
03:16
However, you walk through the park one day  and see Sarah and Matt talking and laughing.  
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๊ณต์›์„ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€ Sarah์™€ Matt๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
They seem friendly towards each other.  Theyโ€™re playing together and Matt even  
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ๊ทผํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  Matt๋Š” ์ž์‹ 
03:26
hands in his favorite superhero action figure  to his sister. What can you deduce from this?
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์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šˆํผํžˆ์–ด๋กœ ์•ก์…˜ ํ”ผ๊ทœ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋„ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:48
If you answered all of them, you are correct! 
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ตํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
03:52
We use โ€œmustโ€ when we feel sure that something  is true or itโ€™s the only realistic possibility.  
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๋•Œ '๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
In this example, I gave you some facts and  background information about Sarah and Matt,  
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” Sarah์™€ Matt์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:03
and based on this information, you could deduce  that they must be talking to each other again. 
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์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Options B and C are also correct. We use โ€œmayโ€ or  โ€œmightโ€ to say that we think something is possible  
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์˜ต์…˜ B์™€ C๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ
04:16
but weโ€™re not sure. They have the same meaning,  but โ€œmayโ€ is a bit more formal than โ€œmightโ€. 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'may' ๋˜๋Š” 'might'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ 'may'๋Š” 'might'๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
We can also use โ€œcouldโ€ instead of โ€œmayโ€ or  โ€œmightโ€. So the phrase here could be โ€œMatt and  
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"may" ๋˜๋Š” "might" ๋Œ€์‹  "could"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” "Matt and
04:30
Sarah could be talking to each other againโ€. Here are more examples:
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Sarah could be talk to each other"์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
John is usually very talkative, but today heโ€™s  really quiet. He must be upset about something. 
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John์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜๋‹ค์Šค๋Ÿฝ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
I donโ€™t know why Jenny doesnโ€™t want  to play with us. She might be sick. 
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Jenny๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„ํ”Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
Bob should be here already.  He may be stuck in traffic. 
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Bob์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Maria looks so happy. She could be in love.
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๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
Now if you feel sure that  something is not possible,  
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:58
you can use the word โ€œcanโ€™tโ€. For example: 
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'ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
05:02
Are you telling me that Patricia passed the  test without studying? That canโ€™t be true! 
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Patricia๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ!
05:08
They had a really nasty argument. They  canโ€™t be talking to each other now. 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
If youโ€™re the type of person who likes to  think globally and learn about other cultures,  
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
05:19
we highly recommend you download our RealLife  English app. With this app, you can have short  
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RealLife English ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์•ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด
05:26
English conversations with people from all  over the world at the touch of a button.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์งง์€ ์˜์–ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ณธ๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ
05:31
You can also improve your listening  skills with our podcast, which comes  
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:35
with transcripts and vocabulary  notes for you to follow along.
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.
05:39
You can download it for free at  the Google Play or Apple App Store.  
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Google Play ๋˜๋Š” Apple App Store์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜
05:45
You can also find the link up  here or down in the description  
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๋งํฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:49
below. Join our Global Community and become a  Citizen of the World by downloading the app now!
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. ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์•ฑ์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋˜์„ธ์š”!
05:58
Number two, speculation about the past. To speculate means to guess possible answers  
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ธกํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:04
when you do not have enough information to be  certain. In the second part of this lesson,  
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. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š”
06:10
youโ€™re going to learn how to use Modal  Verbs to speculate about the past. 
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Now itโ€™s time for me to tell you a little bit  about a young man named Jack Jackson. Jack  
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์ด์ œ Jack Jackson์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žญ
06:23
Jackson lives in Jacksonville, in an apartment on  Jackson Street. Heโ€™s a university student and his  
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์žญ์Šจ์€ ์žญ์Šจ๋นŒ์˜ ์žญ์Šจ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์ด๊ณ 
06:30
classes are in the morning. Jack lives alone with  his dog Jackie. But thereโ€™s a problem: Jack is not  
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์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์˜ค์ „์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jack์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๊ฒฌ Jackie์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jack์€
06:37
the most organized person. In fact, his house is  really messy - there are always dirty dishes in  
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์กฐ์ง์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘์€ ์ •๋ง ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ ‘์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:43
the sink and things scattered all over the place. Today Jack is really excited - his older brother  
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๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ํฉ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ Jack์€ ์ •๋ง ์‹ ์ด ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด
06:50
is coming to visit him. His brother, John Jackson,  is a very neat man. He loves to see everything  
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๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ธ ์กด ์žญ์Šจ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊น”๋”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
06:56
clean and organized. He told Jack he would be  arriving this morning. Since Jack has classes  
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๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ˆ๋œ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” Jack์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Jack์€ ์•„์นจ์— ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:03
in the morning, he tells his brother to get the  keys to the apartment under the welcome mat. 
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๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์›ฐ์ปด ๋งคํŠธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์—ด์‡ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
John Jackson arrives at Jackโ€™s  place and has a shocking surprise:  
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John Jackson์ด Jack์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
the place is a complete mess! Hours later,  Jack gets home and greets his brother. Then,  
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์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„ Jack์€ ์ง‘์— ๋Œ์•„์™€ ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
07:20
he realizes that the whole apartment is clean  and organized. What do you think happened?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋— ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ˆ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ˆ?
07:46
If you chose option B, you are correct! We use must have + past participle when we  
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์˜ต์…˜ B๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๋•Œ must have + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:53
feel sure about what happened. In this example,  with all the information we know about Jack,  
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. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ Jack์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
07:58
itโ€™s fair to assume that his brother was  the one who cleaned his apartment. And we  
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๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:04
can say this with a lot of conviction,  given what we know about the situation. 
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Now if you donโ€™t feel so sure about  what happened, you can also say: 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ์„œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
โ€œHis brother may have cleaned the apartmentโ€. โ€œHis brother might have cleaned the apartmentโ€. 
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"๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๊ทธ์˜ ๋™์ƒ์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:20
โ€œHis brother could have cleaned the apartmentโ€. On the other hand, since we are sure Jack  
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"๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Jack์ด
08:26
didnโ€™t clean his apartment, we could say: โ€œJack canโ€™t have cleaned his apartment.โ€ 
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๊ทธ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "Jack can't have ์ฒญ์†Œ ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Here are more examples: You canโ€™t stop talking about this movie.  
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
You must have really liked it! I wonder why Melissa isnโ€™t here.  
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! Melissa๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
She might have had to work late. I just saw the dogs. They canโ€™t have gone too far.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Number three, pronunciation. In  the final part of this lesson,  
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ฐœ์Œ. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š”
08:54
weโ€™ll discuss how native speakers usually  pronounce phrases with modal verbs in the past. 
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์›์–ด๋ฏผ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Letโ€™s go back to the phrase โ€œHis brother  must have cleaned the apartmentโ€. Many times,  
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"๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ง๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ
09:06
we contract the word โ€œhaveโ€. So we usually say  โ€œHis brother mustโ€™ve cleaned the apartmentโ€. 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ฐ€์ง€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ•์•ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต '๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ด ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์–ด'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
But thereโ€™s another way we say this  phrase: โ€œHis brother musta cleaned the  
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
apartmentโ€. Itโ€™s very common to hear that  in movies, especially when people speak  
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. ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ, ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:24
fast. The word โ€œhaveโ€ gets so reduced that it  becomes a schwa sound: uh. So we say โ€œmus-tuhโ€.  
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. 'have'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘์•„์ ธ์„œ ์Šˆ์™€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "mus-tuh"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
This is very common in American English. The same thing happens to the  
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
words โ€œmightโ€ and โ€œcouldโ€. โ€œHis brother might have cleaned  
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'might'์™€ 'could'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š”
09:42
the apartmentโ€ becomes โ€œHis brother mightโ€™ve  cleaned the apartmentโ€ which then becomes โ€œHis  
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"๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
brother mighta cleaned the apartmentโ€ Letโ€™s try it now with the word โ€œcouldโ€:
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์ด์ œ "๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ–ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:54
โ€œHis brother could have cleaned the  apartmentโ€ becomes โ€œHis brother couldโ€™ve  
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โ€๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š”
09:59
cleaned the apartmentโ€ which then becomes  โ€œHis brother coulda cleaned the apartmentโ€
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์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š” ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
If youโ€™re still watching, congratulations! Youโ€™ve  made it โ€˜till the end of the lesson. You are on  
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์•„์ง ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:13
your way to becoming a Citizen of the World! As  a thank you, I will give you one last bonus tip.  
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
But before that, we want to see how many  of you have made it โ€˜till the end. Leave a  
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ „์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
comment below with the hashtag #awwyeah so that  we know how many of you enjoyed todayโ€™s lesson.  
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์•„๋ž˜์— ํ•ด์‹œํƒœ๊ทธ #awwyeah์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
This will help us keep creating  more relevant lessons for you!
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:40
Now the bonus tip has to do with the word  โ€œshouldโ€ in the past. Do you remember the  
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์ด์ œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํŒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ 'should'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
example at the beginning of the video? When you tell someone that they should  
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
10:49
have done something, you express that you  disapprove of something they did. In this example,  
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ
10:56
our main character expresses frustration because  the other person didnโ€™t tell him something.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
We also use should have + participle to say that  we regret something. โ€œTo regretโ€ means to feel bad  
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ should have + ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ›„ํšŒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ›„ํšŒํ•˜๋‹ค'๋Š”
11:12
about something that you did or didnโ€™t do. Here are some examples: 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
โ€œI failed the exam because I didnโ€™t  prepare for it. I shouldโ€™ve studied more.โ€ 
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โ€œ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด.โ€
11:22
โ€œI didnโ€™t know it was going to rain so  much. I shouldโ€™ve taken an umbrella.โ€ 
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โ€œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ."
11:27
Just like the other modal verbs, native  speakers also reduce โ€œshould'veโ€ to โ€œshouldaโ€.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋„ 'should've'๋ฅผ 'shoulda'๋กœ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
For example: โ€œI shoulda studied more.โ€ 
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์˜ˆ: "๋” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ."
11:36
โ€œI shoulda taken an umbrella.โ€ So in this video you learned  
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โ€œ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ.โ€ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ
11:41
three advanced aspects of modal verbs. Do  you remember what these letters stand for?
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์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:50
Thatโ€™s right. Deduction, Speculation  about the past and Pronunciation. 
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก , ์ถ”์ธก.
11:55
If you enjoyed this lesson, make sure you share  it with a friend whoโ€™s also learning English.  
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šฐ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
12:00
And if you are looking to keep learning,  I recommend you try this lesson next.  
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๊ณ„์† ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
Iโ€™ll see you in the next one!
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๋‹ค์Œ ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
12:09
In this lesson we'll learn how to apply  features of connected speech to our questions.  
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์Œ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
Connected speech is how we cut and connect  our words so that we can make our speech flow  
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ง์€ ๋ง์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์„ ์ž๋ฅด๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:20
more naturally. To illustrate this, I'll  say this sentence first without connected  
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. ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ ์—†์ด ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•œ
12:25
speech and then with connected speech. "I  went on a trip with a friend of mine..."
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๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ”์–ด์š”..."
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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