ED ENDINGS (3/3) American English Accent Training: PERFECT PRONUNCIATION

96,934 views ・ 2020-11-17

Rachel's English


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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What happens to the T in wanted or  parted? The ED endings in American English  
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are absolutely crazy. We have rules but we don't  always follow them. Today, we're going over rule  
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3 for the ED ending verbs. Don't worry, if you  missed one or two, you will not be lost here.  
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These are the words where the ED ending adds not  just an extra sound, but a full extra syllable.  
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We're going to make sure that you know how to  integrate them smoothly and perfectly into your  
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speech so you sound natural speaking  in the past tense in American English.
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Don't forget, if you like this  video or you learned something new,  
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please like and subscribe with  notifications, it really helps.
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We did a deep dive on rule one.  Final sounds in the infinitive  
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is unvoiced, tt-- like in walked.  We did a deep dive on rule two.  
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Final sound in the infinitive is voiced. The  ED becomes dd-- a D sound like in seemed.  
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Now, we have one more rule, and it's short. There  are only two sounds involved: the last sound in  
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the infinitive is T or D. Then the ED ending is  not just an extra sound, but an extra syllable.  
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Need. A one-syllable word becomes needed, a  two-syllable word. Correct, a two-syllable word,  
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becomes corrected, a three syllable word.  This ending syllable is always unstressed.
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Today, we'll go deep on rule three. What  exactly does it mean? What are all the cases,  
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and how can you use this to sound more  natural and relaxed speaking English?
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With this extra syllable, we have the IH  sound or you can think of it as the schwa,  
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plus D. The ending D will always be a flap sound  
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when it links into a word that begins  with a vowel or diphthong. For example:  
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ended up—
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Ended up, ende-rarara-- ended up, a quick flap  of the tongue for that ED ending. Let's look at  
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another example: acted on—becomes: acted on,  acted on, acted on. That flap of the tongue.  
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At the end of a thought group, or when  the next word begins with a consonant,  
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that will usually be an unreleased D. Ddd-- That  means we make a sound in the vocal cords for the D  
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but we don't release it, dd-- it's  just dd-- for example: it ended.  
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End of my thought group, I didn't  release the d. It ended. Ddd---  
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That vibrating of the vocal cords  for that voiced sound, ended.
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Now if it links into a word that begins with a  consonant, we'll also make that unreleased sound.  
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Ended my, ended my, so it's not ended my, ended,  ended. We don't release it. It's ended my, ended  
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my, ended my. Releasing the D. Ended my, ended  my, just a little bit extra. We don't want to  
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make that much of the D so we vibrate the vocal  chords but then go on to the next sound. Now if  
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the next word is you or you're, you might hear the  ending become a J sound. Ended your, ended your.
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Great. But now let's look at some cases that  affect the T or D at the end of the infinitive.  
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So not the ED ending but the T at the end of the  word 'heat' for example. Heat, id, does not equal  
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heated, because the rule for the T is that if  it comes between two vowel or diphthong sounds,  
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it's a flap T. So it's not tt--heated, that's  a true T, it's heated, dadadada-- heated,  
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heated. So any word where there's a vowel  or diphthong plus T and then an ED ending,  
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that's a flap T. Heated, dated, noted,  weighted. Dadadada-- All Flap t's.
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The flap T rule also applies when the sound before  was an R, so R plus T plus vowel or diphthong  
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is a flap T. That means all the RT,ED ending words  have a flap T like: pardon, par-da-- par-dada--  
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pardon. Pardon. Alerted  dadada-- alertuh-- alerted.
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And this is also true for the D. A D  between vowels or after an R before a  
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vowel or diphthong is a flap. So for example,  in the word ‘boarded’ boar-- dadadada--  
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that D at the end of the infinitive  is a flap. Boarded. Worded. Worded.
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What would it sound like if  it wasn't a flap, but a real  
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D with the stop and the release? Ddd-- that  would sound like this: worded. Worded. Worded.
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It's too much D, we make a flap. Worded. Graded.  Flap sound. Let's look at another case. The sound  
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before the T of the word in the infinitive  is an N. We might drop that T. We do that in  
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the NT combination sometimes like in the word  'interview'. It's very common to drop that T.  
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So let's look at the word want, past tense, with  the ED ending, wanted, but it's actually very  
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common to drop the T sound in that word, and  it becomes wanted, wanted, this pronunciation  
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is more common than the pronunciation with  the T. Let's go to Youglish for examples.
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Wanted. Each one with no T sound at all. Isn't  this interesting? It's the T at the end of want  
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that puts this into rule three because the final  sound is the T, but we don't even say that.  
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This is true also of the word counted,  you'll often hear that T dropped, counted.
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There will definitely be cases where you hear the  T in 'counted' but often not. Pointed is another  
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word where usually, the T will be dropped. I  pointed out the mistake: pointed out, pointed out,  
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no T. What about the word planted becoming  planted? Now I listened to a bunch of examples,  
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there it does seem to be more common to  actually say the T sound than to drop it,  
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planted. But even that one can go  either way. Planted or planted.
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What about ND plus ED ending? We never drop  that D. Ended. If we dropped it it would be  
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ended, and that would sound very strange to us,  so ended, ended, bonded, we don't drop the D.  
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In the other ending clusters, we do say the  T or D. For example the PT ending, prompt, or  
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interrupt. We do say that T when we  add on the ED. Prompted. Interrupted.  
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Ted, ted, ted. A light true T. Acted. Lifted.  Folded. We say the D in fold. Folded. Ded. Folded.
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And those are the cases for rule three. Wow. When  you add up all these videos, we've been talking  
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about ED endings for well over 30 minutes.  Things just aren't as simple as they seem.
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Now, let's test your memory for the main  three rules. Is the ED ending a T sound,  
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a D sound, or an extra syllable?
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Here's your first word. Is it agreet, agreed,  or agree-ed? The final sound on the word  
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when it's in the infinitive is a vowel, that's  voiced, so it's rule three, a D sound. Agreed.
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What about this word? Is it bombet, bombed, or  
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bomb-ed? The last sound is voiced, it's not a T or  a D, therefore it's rule two, a D sound: bombed.
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What about this word? Is it  talket, talked, or talk-ed?  
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The last sound of the word in  the infinitive is unvoiced.  
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Therefore the ending is unvoiced, T, talked, now  let's listen to a bunch of examples for rule 3,  
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ED endings. Some of them will have  a dropped T, some of them will  
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have a flap. Get used to simplifying and  linking these words into the next words.
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First, you'll hear a phrase. Then  you'll hear just the two-word link  
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like 'counted my' in slow motion, several  times, repeat the last time, the third time.  
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Repeat that slow motion link.  It's important not to just  
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learn something but to actually train  it, to speak out loud to get used to it.
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Now you could prepare a lecture  on how to pronounce ED endings.  
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There are so many details involved, aren't  there? The playlist for all three of these  
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videos is here for your reference. You  may find that you want to watch them  
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several times to really get all the  rules and pronunciations into your brain.
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Thanks so much for sticking with me.  Be sure to check out this video next.  
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Also, check out my online courses at Rachel’s  English academy. You'll become a more confident  
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English speaker. I make new videos every Tuesday,  be sure to come back next week to watch more,  
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I love being your English teacher. That's it  and thanks so much for using Rachel’s English.
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