IELTS Writing - Using Linking Words and Phrases to Improve Your Score

287,440 views ใƒป 2019-04-26

Oxford Online English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi, Iโ€™m Stephanie.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” ์Šคํ…ŒํŒŒ๋‹ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์˜์–ด์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
00:05
In this lesson, you can learn how to use linking words and phrases for the IELTS writing exam.
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์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š” IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Linking words are important for your IELTS writing, especially for the essay.
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๋‹จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ, ํŠนํžˆ ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
Using linking words well can make a big difference to your coherence and cohesion score, which
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ ์ˆ˜์˜ 25%์ธ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:26
is 25% of your writing score.
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00:29
Even if youโ€™re not preparing for an IELTS exam and just want to improve your English
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜์–ด
00:35
writing generally, this lesson could help you!
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์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
00:40
Before we start, donโ€™t forget to check out our website: Oxford Online English dot com.
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”: Oxford Online English dot com.
00:47
You can find many other free IELTS preparation lessons, or you can even take online lessons
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ IELTS ์ค€๋น„ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์„
00:54
with one of our professional teachers to prepare for your IELTS exam!
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์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค !
00:59
Letโ€™s start with a question.
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์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Youโ€™re thinking about โ€˜linking wordsโ€™.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ '๋‹จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Many students ask about โ€˜linking wordsโ€™; they ask things like, โ€œWhat linking words
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด '์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "
01:11
should I use in my IELTS essay?โ€
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๋‚ด IELTS ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
But what are โ€˜linking wordsโ€™, and why are they important?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ '์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด'๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:21
What are linking words?
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:23
How would you answer this question?
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:26
First, โ€˜linking wordsโ€™ includes both words and phrases.
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์ฒซ์งธ, '์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด'์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '
01:32
There are single words, like โ€˜howeverโ€™, and phrases, like โ€˜as a result.โ€™
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋‹จ์–ด ์™€ '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Secondly, linking words can be conjunctions, like โ€˜andโ€™ or โ€˜becauseโ€™, which you
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 'and'๋˜๋Š” 'because'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:47
use in the middle of a sentence.
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01:50
Linking words can also be adverbs, like โ€˜consequentlyโ€™ or โ€˜on the other handโ€™, which you generally
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” 'consequently' ๋˜๋Š” 'on the other hand'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:58
use at the start of a new sentence.
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02:02
Next, what do linking words do?
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:06
Why do you need to use them?
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์™œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:10
This is an important question, but it has a simple answer: linking words make your writing
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ€์ด
02:16
clearer for your reader.
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๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
Donโ€™t use linking words because you want to sound academic, or because you want to
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ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:24
impress the examiner, or because you think using linking words is going to get you a better
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:31
score on your IELTS.
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IELTS์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
02:33
It *is* necessary to use linking words to get higher scores, but you need to use them
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด *ํ•„์ˆ˜* ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
02:40
in the right way.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜
02:42
You use linking words to make the structure of your ideas clearer.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:47
What does this mean?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
02:49
Letโ€™s look at an example together.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Read this sentence: Next, imagine that the next sentence starts
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ฝ๊ธฐ: ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด
02:59
with โ€˜also,โ€™ โ€˜on the other hand,โ€™ or โ€˜consequentlyโ€™.
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'๋˜ํ•œ', '๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:07
What do these tell you?
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:09
What do you know if you see that the first word of the next sentence is โ€˜alsoโ€™?
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ '๋˜ํ•œ'์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:18
Whatโ€™s the difference between using โ€˜alsoโ€™ or โ€˜on the other handโ€™?
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'๋˜ํ•œ'๊ณผ '๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ?
03:26
These linking words show you the direction of the next sentence.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
If the next sentence starts with โ€˜alsoโ€™, you know that it will add another, similar
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด '๋˜ํ•œ'์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
point.
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03:41
If it starts with โ€˜on the other handโ€™, you know that the writer will make a contrasting
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
point.
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03:48
If it starts with โ€˜consequentlyโ€™, you know that the writer will describe a result
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:55
of this situation.
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03:58
This is why you use linking words, and this is why they can be powerful.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
In this example, you can know the general idea of the next sentence before you read
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์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:08
it.
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04:09
This makes your writing easier to follow.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
Next, letโ€™s look at the details of using linking words well in your IELTS writing tasks.
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
Learning about linking words for your IELTS writing exam can be overwhelming.
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IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์••๋„์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
There are so many words and phrases: โ€˜in additionโ€™, โ€˜althoughโ€™, โ€˜except forโ€™,
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๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ' ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ', 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ', '์ œ์™ธ๋กœ',
04:36
โ€˜due toโ€™โ€ฆ
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'๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'...
04:37
There are tens of things you *could* study.
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๊ณต๋ถ€ *ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”* ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
However, weโ€™ve got good news for you!
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
04:45
You donโ€™t need to learn big lists of words.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
So, what should you do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:54
The best way is to think about linking words in terms of function.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:58
What do we mean by โ€˜functionโ€™?
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'๊ธฐ๋Šฅ'์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:01
Many different linking words do the same job.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
For example: However, on the other hand,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—,
05:11
nevertheless, and although
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„๋ก
05:14
all show a contrast between two relatedโ€”but differentโ€”things.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:21
This doesnโ€™t mean theyโ€™re exactly the same, but they are similar.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
So, what else can linking words do?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:29
Linking words can connect similar ideas together.
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๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Letโ€™s call this โ€˜additionโ€™.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ '๋ง์…ˆ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž.
05:37
A very simple example is โ€˜andโ€™.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ '์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
You can also use โ€˜furthermoreโ€™, โ€˜in additionโ€™, โ€˜alsoโ€™, or โ€˜moreoverโ€™.
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'๋˜ํ•œ', ' ๋”์šฑ์ด', '๋˜', '๋˜ํ•œ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Linking words can show the reason or purpose of something, like โ€˜becauseโ€™, โ€˜due toโ€™,
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—', '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—',
05:55
โ€˜in order toโ€™, or โ€˜so thatโ€™.
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'~ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด' ๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
You can use linking words to connect a cause and effect, like โ€˜thereforeโ€™, โ€˜soโ€™,
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์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:08
โ€˜consequentlyโ€™ or โ€˜as a resultโ€™.
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.
06:14
There are others, but this is a good starting point.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์ถœ๋ฐœ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:18
Remember these four functions: contrast, addition, reason or purpose, and cause-effect.
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๋Œ€์กฐ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€, ์ด์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ , ์›์ธ-๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:29
Letโ€™s practise!
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์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์ž!
06:31
Look at four sentences.
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๋„ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:33
Each has a linking word or phrase highlighted in red.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
06:37
Can you say what function the linking word or phrase has in each sentence?
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
06:44
Pause the video if you want more time to think.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:50
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
06:51
Letโ€™s look at the answers.
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
In the first sentence, โ€˜due toโ€™ expresses a reason.
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์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ 'due to'๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:59
In the second sentence, โ€˜moreoverโ€™ expresses addition.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ '๋˜ํ•œ'์€ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:04
Youโ€™re making one point, then using โ€˜moreoverโ€™ to add a second point on the same topic.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 'moreover'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
In the third sentence, โ€˜althoughโ€™ shows a contrast.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ '๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜'๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:17
In the fourth sentence, โ€˜as a resultโ€™ connects a cause and its effect.
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ '๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ'๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
So, what should you do here?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
07:25
Hereโ€™s the most important point: you donโ€™t need to know every linking word and phrase
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:33
to get a high score in your IELTS writing exam.
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. ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
07:37
You need maybe two or three linking words for each function.
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๋‘์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:43
That means you need two to three linking words to express addition, two to three linking
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์ฆ‰, ๋ง์…ˆ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 2~3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 2~3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
words to express contrast, and so on.
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.
07:56
Thereโ€™s one thing you should know: linking words can have other functions which we havenโ€™t
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์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:02
covered here.
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.
08:03
Thatโ€™s because we donโ€™t want this lesson to be hours long.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:08
Examples include: showing similarity, showing a sequence of events in time, or expressing
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์˜ˆ: ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํ‘œ์‹œ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ํ‘œ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š”
08:16
conditions.
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์กฐ๊ฑด ํ‘œํ˜„.
08:17
However, the basic idea is the same.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
Donโ€™t try to learn big lists of linking words.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ํฐ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
08:25
Instead, focus on functions.
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๋Œ€์‹  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:28
For each function, learn two to three linking words and phrases.
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๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2~3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
This is simpler and easier for you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
You should do this now: write down a list of functions, and write down two to three
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์ž‘์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2~3๊ฐœ์˜
08:44
linking words for each.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ์„น์…˜์˜
08:47
You can use the functions and linking words from this section, or you can add your own.
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง์ ‘ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
Pause the video and do it now!
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”!
08:59
Ready?
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์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ?
09:01
Letโ€™s see what else you need to know to use linking words well in your IELTS writing
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IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:07
exam.
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. ๊ธ€
09:12
To use a linking word or phrase well in your writing, you need to know two things.
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์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
One: you need to know the function, which you learned about in the last section.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ์ง€๋‚œ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
Two: you need to know the grammar of the linking word or phrase.
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๋‘˜์งธ: ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:28
Letโ€™s look at this now!
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž!
09:31
Linking words and phrases can be divided into three categories.
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๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:35
First, some linking words are conjunctions.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Most are subordinating conjunctions, meaning that they need to be used in a sentence with
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ ˆ์ด
09:46
at least two clauses.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
For example, โ€˜becauseโ€™ and โ€˜althoughโ€™ are both subordinating conjunctions.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—'์™€ 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ'์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
After these words, you add a clause.
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด ๋’ค์— ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
Then, you need another, independent clause to complete the sentence.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์ ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:08
For example: โ€˜I need to ask for some time off work because I am planning to attend a
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์˜ˆ: '๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:15
training course.โ€™
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.' '
10:18
โ€˜Although social media can help people to connect with each other, it also has several
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์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
10:24
significant disadvantagesโ€™.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
10:29
Secondly, some linking words are prepositions.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
This means you need to use a noun after the linking word.
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์ฆ‰, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด ๋’ค์— ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:37
โ€˜Due toโ€™, โ€˜despiteโ€™ and โ€˜because ofโ€™ are all prepositions.
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'~ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—', '~์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ', '๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
For example: โ€˜Despite the well-known health benefits of regular exercise, many people
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด: ' ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์šด๋™์˜ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
10:50
still lead a mostly sedentary lifestyle.โ€™
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
10:55
Or: โ€˜Young professionals are increasingly moving to smaller cities because of the high
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๋˜๋Š” '์ Š์€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ์  ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ด์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:00
cost of living in large urban centres.โ€™
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.'
11:06
Finally, many linking words are adverbs, like โ€˜on the other handโ€™ or โ€˜thereforeโ€™.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ , ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ' ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—'๋˜๋Š” '๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ'์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
These are generally used at the beginning of a sentence.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:18
When you use adverbs like this, you need to put a comma afterwards.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋’ค์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
For example: โ€˜Freedom of the press is more important than individualsโ€™ rights to privacy.
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์˜ˆ: '์–ธ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
Therefore, newspapers should be able to publish stories about the private lives of celebrities
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์€ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋ช…์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:41
if they choose to.โ€™
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.'
11:44
Or: โ€˜Of course, elderly people should be paid a pension which reflects the money they
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๋˜๋Š” '๋…ธ์ธ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง์žฅ ์ƒํ™œ
11:52
paid into the social security system during their working lives.
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๋™์•ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„์— ์ง€๋ถˆํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:59
On the other hand, the pension system needs to be sustainable over the long term.โ€™
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.' ์–ด๋ฒ• ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์—
12:07
This is most of what you need to know about linking word grammar.
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด ์ •๋„๋‹ค .
12:12
Is your linking word or phrase a conjunction, a preposition, or an adverb?
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
12:19
We have a task for you!
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๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž„๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
12:22
At the end of part two, you wrote down linking words that you wanted to learn.
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2๋ถ€ ๋ง๋ฏธ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Now, use an online dictionary like Cambridge or Longman, and find out if the words you
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์ด์ œ Cambridge๋‚˜ Longman๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
12:34
wrote down are conjunctions, prepositions, or adverbs.
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์ ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:40
Go on, pause the video and do it now!
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!
12:46
Done?
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์™„๋ฃŒ?
12:48
There are still a couple of things you need to think about.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:52
One problem is that similar-looking words can be different parts of speech.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
For example, โ€˜becauseโ€™ is a conjunction, but โ€˜because ofโ€™ is a preposition.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, 'because'๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ 'because of'๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
โ€˜In spite ofโ€™ is a preposition, but โ€˜in spite of the fact thatโ€™ is a conjunction.
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'์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ '๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ' ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ '๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
So, donโ€™t assume that linking words are used in the same way just because they look
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
13:21
similar.
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.
13:24
Another problem is that some linking words can be more than one part of speech.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
For example, โ€˜soโ€™ can be an adverb or a conjunction.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'so'๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:37
What should you do with this information?
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์ด ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
13:40
Letโ€™s look in more detail!
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
13:46
At this point, you hopefully have short lists of linking words, divided by function.
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์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„ ์งง์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:53
You should also know which part of speech each linking word is.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:58
Letโ€™s think: why are you doing things in this way?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
14:03
How will this help you in your IELTS writing exam?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์‹œํ—˜์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š” ?
14:07
Hereโ€™s what you need to remember: itโ€™s *much* more effective to know a smaller number
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜
14:14
of linking words or phrases and know how to use them really well.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด *ํ›จ์”ฌ* ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Many IELTS students take the opposite path.
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๋งŽ์€ IELTS ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธธ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
They learn lots and lots of linking words, but they donโ€™t know how to use them correctly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
This wonโ€™t help your IELTS writing score.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Itโ€™s much more important to focus on accuracy.
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์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
So, what should you do next?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:43
Your next task is to find out *exactly* how your linking words are used.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ *์ •ํ™•ํžˆ* ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
14:50
Linking words with the same function arenโ€™t always the same.
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:55
Many linking words have a very specific meaning.
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๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
For example, โ€˜furthermoreโ€™ and โ€˜besidesโ€™ are both used to add information to a topic,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'furthermore'์™€ 'besides'๋Š” ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
15:08
but they arenโ€™t the same.
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๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Do you know why not?
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์™œ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
15:14
โ€˜Furthermoreโ€™ is used to add a point which is more important than your first idea.
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'Furthermore'๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
For example: โ€˜Using plastic products generates litter which harms the environment.
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์˜ˆ: 'ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Furthermore, plastic can take hundreds of years to degrade.โ€™
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ์€ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
15:34
In this case, youโ€™re saying that the second point, after โ€˜furthermoreโ€™ is more important
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ' ๋”์šฑ์ด' ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด
15:41
than the first point.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
15:43
โ€˜Besidesโ€™ is used to add a point which is often less important than your main idea.
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'Besides'๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์ฃผ์š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
For example: โ€˜Smoking has been proven to cause many serious illnesses.
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์˜ˆ: 'ํก์—ฐ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
Besides, it is an expensive habit.โ€™
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น„์‹ผ ์Šต๊ด€์ด์•ผ.'
16:02
In this case, youโ€™re saying that the second point, after โ€˜besidesโ€™, is *not* more
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€' ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด
16:09
important than the first point.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ *์•Š๋‹ค*๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
Youโ€™re adding an extra point which is not essential to your argument.
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๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์š”์ ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
16:20
Weโ€™re not doing this because you need to learn about โ€˜furthermoreโ€™ and โ€˜besidesโ€™.
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'๋”์šฑ'๊ณผ '๋”์šฑ์ด'์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
The point is that every linking word is used in a slightly different way.
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์š”์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
To improve your IELTS writing score, you need to understand exactly how to use linking words.
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IELTS ์ž‘๋ฌธ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
How can you do this?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:44
Here are a few suggestions.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
First, use online dictionaries to find example sentences.
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
16:51
The Cambridge dictionary has many examples for each word.
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์บ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
Next, try to understand what makes this linking word different from other, similar linking
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ
17:04
words.
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๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:05
Is it more formal, or more conversational?
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๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋” ๋Œ€ํ™”์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:08
Is it only used in very specific situations?
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๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:12
Finally, check your ideas.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
17:16
If you can ask a teacher, then do that.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:19
If not, use online resources such as Quora or the Wordreference forums.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Quora ๋˜๋Š” Wordreference ํฌ๋Ÿผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
17:25
By the way, you can find links to all the resources mentioned in this lesson below the
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:30
video.
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17:31
This is a big topic, and thereโ€™s a lot of information in this video; however, you havenโ€™t
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ง ๋‹จ์–ด
17:39
even seen the most important thing about linking words yetโ€ฆ
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€ฆ ๋‹จ์–ด
17:45
Hereโ€™s the most important idea about linking words: you canโ€™t connect ideas with linking
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:54
words.
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17:56
What?
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๋ฌด์—‡?
17:57
That doesnโ€™t make sense, you say.
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๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
18:00
What do linking words do if they donโ€™t connect ideas?
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
18:05
Linking words donโ€™t connect ideas; they highlight a connection which is already there.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
They make the connectionโ€”which already existsโ€”clearer to your reader.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
18:22
This is important because itโ€™s one of the biggest problems IELTS students have with
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ IELTS ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:26
linking words.
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18:29
IELTS candidates know they need to use linking words, so they do.
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IELTS ์ง€์›์ž๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:33
But, very often, their linking words donโ€™t fit the logic of their ideas.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
This is a common feature of band six writing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐด๋“œ 6 ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
Hereโ€™s an example, which is from a real practice essay written by one of our students:
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์—ฐ์Šต ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:52
We see this problem all the time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „ ์š”์ ์˜
18:56
Thereโ€™s a linking phraseโ€”โ€˜for instanceโ€™โ€”which should be used to introduce an example of
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ธ '์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:04
the preceding point.
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.
19:06
But, in this case, the points before and after the linking word are not obviously connected
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด ์ „ํ›„์˜ ์ ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค
19:13
at all.
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.
19:15
The point after โ€˜for instanceโ€™ is certainly not an example of a trade war between manufacturing
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'์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด' ์ดํ›„์˜ ์š”์ ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ œ์กฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:22
companies or countries.
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19:24
Remember: this is *very* common, and itโ€™s also a common reason why students canโ€™t
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”: ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ *๋งค์šฐ* ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
19:31
get scores above six or six point five.
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6์  ๋˜๋Š” 6.5์  ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:35
If you do this in your writing, your coherence and cohesion score will be limited to six
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์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 6์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:42
maximum.
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19:44
Weโ€™ll say it again: you canโ€™t create a connection by using linking words or phrases.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜
19:51
The connection is already there, in the logic of your ideas.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
19:56
You use the linking word to highlight the connection which already exists.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:01
So, to use linking words well, you need to have a clear understanding of your essay structure
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—์„ธ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ
20:10
and how your ideas are organised.
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์™€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:13
This mostly depends on planning before you start writing your answer.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
20:19
If your ideas arenโ€™t well-organised in your mind, then using linking words wonโ€™t help
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์ž˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:25
you.
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20:26
Like you heard, this is a big topic, so letโ€™s review what you should do.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
20:32
One: divide linking words according to the idea they express.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜: ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
20:38
Start by learning two to three linking words or phrases for each function.
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2~3๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
20:43
Two: understand the grammar of each linking word; find out what part of speech it is,
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๋‘˜์งธ: ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ’ˆ์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ์ง€,
20:52
and how to use it in a sentence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:55
Three: go into more detail.
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:58
Many words have a similar meaning, but very few words have exactly the same meaning.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:04
Most words have unique features which you need to know about if you want to use the
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:08
word well.
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.
21:10
Four: practise planning and make sure your ideas are well-organised before you start
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๋„ท์งธ: ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
21:18
writing.
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21:19
Effective linking depends on logic and structure, not on the words and phrases you use.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
21:28
Good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon, and thanks for watching!
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IELTS ์‹œํ—˜์ด ๊ณง ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ–‰์šด์„ ๋น•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
21:33
See you next time!
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๋‹ค์Œ์— ๋งŒ๋‚˜์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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