Uncountable Nouns - English Grammar Lesson

179,693 views ・ 2017-05-12

Oxford Online English


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:01
Hi, I’m Martin.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”, μ €λŠ” λ§ˆν‹΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:04
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
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μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ 온라인 μ˜μ–΄μ— μ˜€μ‹  것을 ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€!
00:07
In this lesson, you can learn about countable and uncountable nouns in English.
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이번 κ³Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜μ–΄μ˜ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사 와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•΄ 배울 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이듀
00:14
What’s the difference between paper and a paper?
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쒅이그리고 μ’…μ΄μ˜ 차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš” ?
00:20
Why do we say trousers are… but news is…?
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μ™œ λ°”μ§€λŠ”... 근데 λ‰΄μŠ€λŠ”...?
00:25
Why can’t you say, Can you give me an advice?
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쑰언을 해쀄 수 μžˆλ‹ˆ? 이 κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œ
00:29
You’ll learn the answers to all these questions in this lesson.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 배우게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:36
Where shall we start?
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μ–΄λ””μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:41
Some nouns are countable.
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일뢀 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
You can count them.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
For example, pens are countable.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ νŽœμ€ μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
You can count them.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
One pen, two pens, three pens, and so on.
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 펜, 두 개의 펜, μ„Έ 개의 펜 λ“±.
01:00
Some nouns are uncountable.
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일뢀 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
You can’t count them.
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μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
For example, water is uncountable.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 물은 μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
One water, two waters…?
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ¬Ό, 두 개의 λ¬Ό...?
01:15
No, that doesn’t work.
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μ•„λ‹ˆμš”, μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
You can’t count water.
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물을 μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
Do you know any other uncountable nouns?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:28
You’ll see more examples in the next section, but here are three: money, rice and knowledge
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λ‹€μŒ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ 예λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ° μ„Έ 가지가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 돈, μŒ€, 지식은
01:40
are all uncountable nouns.
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λͺ¨λ‘ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Countable and uncountable nouns behave differently.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ™μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
They follow different rules.
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그듀은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ·œμΉ™μ„ λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
First, uncountable nouns can’t be plural.
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첫째, μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λ³΅μˆ˜κ°€ 될 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
That means you can’t say moneys, rices or knowledges.
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λˆλ„ λ°₯도 지식도 말할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ΄λ‹€ .
02:05
These forms don’t exist.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 양식은 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
Secondly, you need to use a singular verb with uncountable nouns.
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ‹¨μˆ˜ 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
For example:
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예:
02:18
This rice doesn’t taste right.
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이 μŒ€μ€ 맛이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Your money is on the table.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λˆμ€ ν…Œμ΄λΈ” μœ„μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
His knowledge of this subject has improved significantly.
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이 μ£Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 그의 지식은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ ν–₯μƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:32
Next, you can’t use a or an with an uncountable noun.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ a λ˜λŠ” an을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
02:39
You can’t say a rice, a money or a knowledge.
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λ°₯도 λˆλ„ 지식도 말할 수 μ—†λ‹€.
02:44
However, you can use some or any.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ some λ˜λŠ” anyλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
For example:
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄:
02:50
Is there any rice left?
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λ°₯이 λ‚¨μ•˜λ‚˜μš”?
02:52
You’ll need some money for the bus.
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λ²„μŠ€λ₯Ό νƒˆ 돈이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Finally, we use different words to talk about quantities with countable and uncountable
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ”
03:06
nouns.
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λͺ…사가 μžˆλŠ” μˆ˜λŸ‰μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
With countable nouns, we use many to talk about large quantities, and few to talk about
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ λ§Žμ€ 양을 말할 λ•ŒλŠ” manyλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš© ν•˜κ³ 
03:14
small quantities.
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적은 양을 말할 λ•ŒλŠ” fewλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
With uncountable nouns, we use much and little.
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μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” much와 little을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사와 λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…사
03:24
You can use a lot of or lots of with both countable and uncountable nouns.
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λͺ¨λ‘μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ lot of λ˜λŠ” lot ofλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:35
For example:
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예:
03:36
There isn’t much rice left, but There aren’t many potatoes left.
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λ°₯은 μ–Όλ§ˆ 남지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°μžλŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆ 남지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
There’s a little money in my pocket, but There are a few coins in that small box.
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λ‚΄ μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆμ— μ•½κ°„μ˜ 돈이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ μž‘μ€ μƒμžμ— 동전이 λͺ‡ 개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
Okay, so now you know the basics about uncountable nouns and how to use them.
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자, 이제 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έ 사항 κ³Ό μ‚¬μš© 방법을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Next, an important question:
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 질문이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ…€
04:10
Many uncountable nouns are words for food and drink, such as pasta, meat, fruit, coffee,
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수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” νŒŒμŠ€νƒ€, κ³ κΈ°, 과일, 컀피,
04:23
beer or milk.
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λ§₯μ£Ό λ˜λŠ” μš°μœ μ™€ 같이 μŒμ‹κ³Ό 음료λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
Be careful, because fruit is uncountable, but vegetables are countable.
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과일은 μ…€ 수 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ μ•Όμ±„λŠ” μ…€ 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μ£Όμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:36
Many collective nouns are uncountable.
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λ§Žμ€ 집합 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Collective nouns are nouns which describe a group of objects all together.
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집합 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” 개체 그룹을 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•¨κ»˜ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
For example, furniture, equipment, luggage or traffic.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 가ꡬ, μž₯λΉ„, μˆ˜ν•˜λ¬Ό λ˜λŠ” ꡐ톡.
04:55
Finally, abstract nouns are often uncountable.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 좔상 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
For example: knowledge, information, advice or progress.
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예: 지식, 정보, μ‘°μ–Έ λ˜λŠ” 진행 상황.
05:08
Okay, I have a challenge for you.
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μ’‹μ•„, λ‚˜λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ 도전이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
You have three groups of nouns here: food & drink, collective nouns, and abstract nouns.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” food & drink, 집합 λͺ…사 및 좔상 λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ μ„Έ 가지 λͺ…사 그룹이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:22
I want you to pause the video and find one more uncountable noun to add to each group.
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μ˜μƒμ„ μž μ‹œ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  각 그룹에 μΆ”κ°€ν•  μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 μ°ΎμœΌμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
That means you need to find one uncountable food or drink noun, one uncountable collective
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즉, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” μŒμ‹μ΄λ‚˜ 음료 λͺ…사, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” 집합
05:43
noun, and one uncountable abstract noun.
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λͺ…사, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” 좔상 λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:49
Write down your answers.
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닡을 μ μœΌμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:53
Why are you still here?
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μ™œ 아직도 μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλ‹ˆ?
05:55
Pause the video and find your answers!
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  닡을 μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”!
05:59
Okay, finished?
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μ’‹μ•„, 끝났어?
06:01
But, there’s a problem.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ 얻을
06:06
There are many possible answers you could have here.
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수 μžˆλŠ” 닡변이 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:12
How can you check?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:14
Easy: find a dictionary.
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쉬움: 사전을 μ°ΎμœΌμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:17
You can use an online dictionary such as Longman, or a paper dictionary if you’re feeling
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Longmanκ³Ό 같은 온라인 사전 μ΄λ‚˜ μ•½κ°„ ꡬ식이라고 느끼면 쒅이 사전을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:23
a bit old school.
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.
06:27
Look up the words you wrote down.
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적어 놓은 단어λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
06:30
In the dictionary, it should tell you if they’re countable or uncountable.
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μ‚¬μ „μ—μ„œ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ€„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
Some dictionaries do this by adding a β€˜u’ for uncountable or a β€˜c’ for countable
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일뢀 μ‚¬μ „μ—μ„œλŠ” λͺ…사 뒀에 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” 경우 'u'λ₯Ό, μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 'c'λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:48
after the noun.
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.
06:50
Different dictionaries have different styles.
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μ‚¬μ „λ§ˆλ‹€ μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ΄ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
So now you can check your answers.
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이제 닡변을 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:59
Were you correct?
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λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:03
Now, things get more complicated.
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이제 상황이 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
Why?
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μ™œ?
07:09
If nouns could only be countable or uncountable, this topic would be very simple.
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λͺ…사가 μ…€ 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°μ—λ§Œ 이 ν•­λͺ©μ΄ 맀우 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
However, many nouns can be both countable and uncountable, with different meanings.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미둜 κ°€μ‚° 및 λΆˆκ°€μ‚°μ΄ 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
For example, paper can be countable or uncountable.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ’…μ΄λŠ” μ…€ 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
Do you know the difference?
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차이점을 μ•„μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ? 이듀
07:38
What’s the difference between paper and a paper?
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쒅이그리고 μ’…μ΄μ˜ 차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš” ?
07:48
Paper is the material: what you write on.
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μ’…μ΄λŠ” μž¬λ£Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 당신이 μ“°λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
A paper is another way to say a newspaper
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신문은 신문을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
Let’s look at some more examples like this.
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이와 같은 λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:10
Think about it: what’s the difference between:
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μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”: 생선과 μƒμ„ μ˜ 차이점은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”
08:15
Fish and a fish?
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?
08:20
Glass and a glass?
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μœ λ¦¬μ™€ 유리?
08:24
Time and a time?
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μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ‹œκ°„?
08:29
Ready?
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μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 된?
08:31
Let’s look at the answers:
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닡변을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
08:37
Fish (uncountable) means the food.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°(μ…€ 수 μ—†μŒ)λŠ” μŒμ‹μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
You eat fish.
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당신은 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ¨ΉλŠ”λ‹€.
08:43
A fish (countable) means one whole animal, either living or dead.
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λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°(κ°€μ‚°)λŠ” μ‚΄μ•„ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ 죽은 ν•œ 동물 전체λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:53
Compare:
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비ꡐ:
08:55
We eat a lot of fish.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 생선을 많이 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
--> We eat a lot of fish in general.
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--> μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 생선을 많이 λ¨ΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
There’s a fish in the toilet!
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ν™”μž₯싀에 λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°κ°€ μžˆλ‹€!
09:05
--> One living fish.
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--> μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° ν•œ 마리.
09:08
He ate three whole fish.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ„Έ 마리의 생선을 ν†΅μ§Έλ‘œ λ¨Ήμ—ˆλ‹€.
09:12
--> Three whole animals.
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--> μ„Έ 마리의 전체 동물.
09:15
What about glass and a glass?
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μœ λ¦¬μ™€ μœ λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:21
Glass is a material.
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μœ λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
A glass is something you drink out of.
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μœ λ¦¬λŠ” 당신이 λ§ˆμ‹œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:28
For example:
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예:
09:29
The sculpture was made of glass.
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μ‘°κ°ν’ˆμ€ 유리둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:34
Would you like a glass of water?
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λ¬Ό ν•œμž” ν•˜μ‹€λž˜μš”?
09:38
Finally, how about time and a time?
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:46
Time is the general meaning of time.
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μ‹œκ°„μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ˜ 일반적인 μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 더 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μš©μ–΄λ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•  수
09:50
It’s such a basic idea that I can’t really explain it in more simple terms!
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없을 μ •λ„λ‘œ 기본적인 μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ !
09:56
A time has a similar meaning to an occasion or a period.
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μ‹œκ°„μ€ 행사 λ˜λŠ” κΈ°κ°„κ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:05
Look at some examples:
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λͺ‡ 가지 예λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
10:07
I don’t have much free time.
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자유 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ§Žμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:11
How much time will you need to finish this?
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이 μž‘μ—…μ„ μ™„λ£Œν•˜λŠ” 데 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ? ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
10:16
There have been many times when I wanted to give up.
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싢을 λ•Œλ„ λ§Žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:21
We had a good time at their barbecue.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λ°”λΉ„νμ—μ„œ 즐거운 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:26
Can you see the difference now?
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이제 차이점이 λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
10:29
So, there are many nouns which can be both countable and uncountable, often with different
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사, μ’…μ’… λ‹€λ₯Έ
10:41
meanings.
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의미λ₯Ό 가진 λͺ…사가 많이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ
10:43
There are too many examples to explain them all here, but I will give you one general
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그것듀을 λͺ¨λ‘ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
10:51
idea which might be helpful.
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도움이 될 수 μžˆλŠ” 일반적인 아이디어λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:55
Often, when a noun can be countable or uncountable, the uncountable noun has a general or collective
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μ’…μ’… λͺ…사가 μ…€ 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ…€ 수 없을 λ•Œ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” μΌλ°˜μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 집합적인 의미λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:06
meaning.
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.
11:07
The countable noun has a specific meaning.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:13
For example, think about the word hair.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ¨Έλ¦¬μΉ΄λ½μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어λ₯Ό 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
11:17
It can be countable or uncountable.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:21
Hair (uncountable) has a general meaning.
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머리카락(μ…€ 수 μ—†μŒ)μ—λŠ” 일반적인 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
It means, for example, the stuff that grows on your head.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ λ¨Έλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μžλΌλŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
11:32
Hair (countable) has a more specific meaning.
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머리카락(μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ”)은 더 ꡬ체적인 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
Have you ever made the mistake in English where you say something like:
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μ˜μ–΄λ‘œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•œ 적이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?
11:46
My friend Jacob has a long hair.
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My friend Jacob has a long hair.
11:50
If you say this, you mean that your friend has one long hair.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ 머리가 ν•˜λ‚˜ κΈΈλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:58
That’s probably not what you wanted to say, right?
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μ•„λ§ˆ 당신이 λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆλ˜ 것이 아닐 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
12:04
Instead, say:
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λŒ€μ‹  μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜μ„Έμš”:
12:07
My friend Jacob has long hair.
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λ‚΄ 친ꡬ 제이μ½₯은 머리가 κΈΈμ–΄μš”.
12:13
To really understand countable and uncountable nouns, you’ll have to remember a lot of
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄ λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό κΈ°μ–΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:21
information.
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.
12:22
However, this basic idea can help you: uncountable nouns are more general and abstract; countable
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 κΈ°λ³Έ κ°œλ…μ΄ 도움이 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” 더 일반적이고 μΆ”μƒμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ”
12:34
nouns are more specific.
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λͺ…사가 더 κ΅¬μ²΄μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:39
In this lesson, we’ve talked about countable nouns, uncountable nouns, and nouns which
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이 λ‹¨μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사, μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사,
12:47
can be both.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
There are a few strange nouns, which don’t fit cleanly into any of these categories.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 범주에 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 μ΄μƒν•œ λͺ…사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
For example, we said at the beginning that uncountable nouns can’t be plural.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μ²˜μŒμ— μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄ 될 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
You can’t say rices or knowledges.
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당신은 μŒ€μ΄λ‚˜ 지식을 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:10
That’s generally true, but there are some uncountable nouns which can only be plural.
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그것은 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ, λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•λ§Œ 될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:20
They are:
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13:22
police clothes
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κ²½μ°° 볡 바지
13:25
trousers scissors
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κ°€μœ„
13:32
You can’t make these nouns singular.
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이 λͺ…사듀은 λ‹¨μˆ˜λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:36
You can’t say one police or one trouser.
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κ²½μ°° ν•œ λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜ 바지 ν•œ λͺ…은 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
Remember to use a plural verb with these nouns.
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이 λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ 볡수 동사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
13:49
For example:
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예:
13:50
The police have interviewed all the witnesses.
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경찰이 λͺ¨λ“  증인을 μΈν„°λ·°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
These trousers don’t fit well.
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이 λ°”μ§€λŠ” 잘 λ§žμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:59
Careful with the scissorsβ€”they’re sharp.
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κ°€μœ„λŠ” λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘­κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‘°μ‹¬ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
14:05
Another strange word is news.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μƒν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” λ‰΄μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:08
It’s uncountable and singular, even though it ends with β€˜s’.
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's'둜 λλ‚˜λ„ μ…€ 수 μ—†κ³  λ‹¨μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
So, don’t say:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ
14:19
The news are depressing at the moment.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ‰΄μŠ€κ°€ μš°μšΈν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
14:22
Instead, say:
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λŒ€μ‹  λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 λ§ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
14:26
The news is depressing at the moment.
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ν˜„μž¬ λ‰΄μŠ€κ°€ μš°μšΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:31
Finally, there are some collective nouns like staff, team or crew.
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 직원, νŒ€ λ˜λŠ” μŠΉλ¬΄μ›κ³Ό 같은 집합 λͺ…사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:40
Some of these are uncountable (like staff), and others can be countable, like team or
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이듀 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†κ³ (μŠ€νƒœν”„μ™€ 같이) λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀은 νŒ€μ΄λ‚˜ 크루와 같이 μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:47
crew.
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.
14:49
These nouns are generally made plural in British English.
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이 λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 μ˜κ΅­μ‹ μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
14:54
In the UK, we say:
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
14:56
The staff aren’t happy with the new uniform.
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직원듀이 μƒˆ μœ λ‹ˆνΌμ— λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:00
The team are playing well at the moment.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ·Έ νŒ€μ€ 쒋은 κ²½κΈ°λ₯Ό 펼치고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:04
However, in the US, these collective nouns are often singular.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 집합 λͺ…사가 μ’…μ’… λ‹¨μˆ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:12
In the US, you might hear:
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 말을 듀을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:15
The staff isn’t happy with the new uniform.
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직원이 μƒˆ μœ λ‹ˆνΌμ— λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:19
The team is playing well at the moment.
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ν˜„μž¬ κ·Έ νŒ€μ€ 쒋은 κ²½κΈ°λ₯Ό 펼치고 μžˆλ‹€.
15:22
Both are possible, but try to be consistent.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일관성을 μœ μ§€ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
15:28
If you make these nouns plural, then they should always be plural.
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이 λͺ…사λ₯Ό λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄ 항상 λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
If you make them singular, you should always make them singular.
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λ‹¨μˆ˜λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄ 항상 λ‹¨μˆ˜λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:38
That said, native speakers aren’t always consistent.
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즉, 원어민이 항상 일관성이 μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:45
Don’t worry about it too much, and don’t be surprised if you hear both forms.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ‹œκ³  두 가지 ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ 듀어도 놀라지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
15:53
Okay, we have one more thing to do.
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, ν•  일이 ν•˜λ‚˜ 더 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ…€
15:58
The point of uncountable nouns is that you can’t count them.
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수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ μš”μ μ€ μ…€ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:05
But sometimes you need to.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ 당신은 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:09
What can you do?
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당신은 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
16:13
Take an uncountable noun you saw earlier: rice.
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μ•žμ„œ λ³Έ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사인 μŒ€μ„ 예둜 λ“€μ–΄ λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
16:18
There’s no way to count rice directly.
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μŒ€μ„ 직접 μ„ΈλŠ” 방법은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:23
Rice can never be countable.
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μŒ€μ€ μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°₯
16:26
You can never say three rices.
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μ„Έ 개라고 μ ˆλŒ€ ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:28
But, sometimes you need to count things, even if they’re uncountable.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” 것일지라도 μ„Έμ–΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
16:36
How can you count rice?
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μŒ€μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
16:39
Actually, there are many ways to do it.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:45
Rice is made up of single grains of rice.
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μŒ€μ€ 단일 μŒ€μ•Œλ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:51
Here is one grain of rice.
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μ—¬κΈ° μŒ€ ν•œ 톨이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:56
You can also have a bag of rice, a packet of rice, or a portion of rice.
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μŒ€ ν•œ 봉지, μŒ€ ν•œ κ°‘ λ˜λŠ” μŒ€ ν•œ 쑰각을 κ°€μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
By adding a noun + of, you can make an uncountable noun countable.
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λͺ…사 + ofλ₯Ό 뢙이면 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:13
Let’s see how this works in some example sentences:
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λͺ‡ 가지 μ˜ˆλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 이것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μž‘λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ : 그의 그릇 λ°”λ‹₯
17:21
There was a single grain of rice left at the bottom of his bowl.
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에 μŒ€ ν•œ 톨이 남아 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
17:28
Can you get two of those big bags of rice?
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κ·Έ 큰 μŒ€ 두 ν¬λŒ€λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
17:32
We’d like three portions of rice, please.
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λ°₯ 3인뢄 μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
17:39
Like with rice, there are often many different nouns you can add to make an uncountable noun
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μŒ€κ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 있게 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μΆ”κ°€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ…사가 μ’…μ’… μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:46
countable.
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.
17:48
That’s the good news.
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쒋은 μ†Œμ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:52
The bad news is that you need to add different nouns depending on the uncountable noun you’re
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λ‚˜μœ μ†Œμ‹μ€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사에 따라 λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
18:00
using.
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. λ‚΄κ°€ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”
18:01
Let’s practice this so you can see what I mean.
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λ°”λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 이것을 μ—°μŠ΅ν•΄ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€ . μ…€
18:05
Here are five uncountable nouns.
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수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사 5κ°œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:10
How could you make them countable?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그것듀을 μ…€ 수 있게 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
18:12
advice bread
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μ‘°μ–Έ λΉ΅
18:13
money furniture
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돈 가ꡬ
18:14
coffee
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컀피
18:15
Think about your answers.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λŒ€λ‹΅μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
18:17
Ready?
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μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 된?
18:19
Let’s look together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. κ΄€λŒ€ν•˜λ‹€κ³  느끼면
18:22
You can give someone a piece of advice, or two pieces of advice if you’re feeling generous.
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λˆ„κ΅°κ°€μ—κ²Œ ν•œ 가지 μΆ©κ³  λ˜λŠ” 두 가지 쑰언을 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:31
Add a piece of to make advice countable.
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쑰언을 μ…€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 쑰각을 μΆ”κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:36
A piece of is very useful, because you can use it to make many uncountable nouns countable.
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쑰각 ofλŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λ§Žμ€ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 있게 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 맀우 μœ μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:46
You can also have a piece of bread.
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λΉ΅ ν•œ 쑰각도 λ“œμ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:49
With bread you have other possibilities: a loaf of bread or a slice of bread.
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λΉ΅μ—λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€: λΉ΅ ν•œ 덩어리 λ˜λŠ” λΉ΅ ν•œ 쑰각.
18:58
What about money?
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λˆμ€?
19:01
You can have a sum of money or an amount of money.
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당신은 돈의 μ•‘μˆ˜ λ˜λŠ” κΈˆμ•‘μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
19:05
For example, you could say:
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:07
He lost a large amount of money trying to play the stock market.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 주식 μ‹œμž₯을 노리렀고 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ μžƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
19:14
For furniture, you could say a piece of furniture or possibly an item of furniture, although
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κ°€κ΅¬μ˜ 경우 가ꡬ λ˜λŠ” 가ꡬ ν•­λͺ©μ„ 말할 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
19:24
this is very formal, and not common.
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μ΄λŠ” 맀우 ν˜•μ‹μ μ΄κ³  μΌλ°˜μ μ΄μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:28
Finally, what about coffee?
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ»€ν”ΌλŠ” μ–΄λ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
19:32
You can have a cup of coffee, a packet of coffee, a spoonful of coffee, or a pot of
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컀피 ν•œ μž”, 컀피 ν•œ 봉지, 컀피 ν•œ μŠ€ν‘Ό λ˜λŠ”
19:39
coffee.
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컀피 포트λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:40
In all of these cases, there are other possible answers.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°μ— λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 닡변이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:44
However, these are the most common ones.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이듀은 κ°€μž₯ 일반적인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:47
So, that’s it for this class.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이번 μˆ˜μ—…μ€ μ—¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
19:52
Check out the full version of this lesson on our website: Oxford Online English dot
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μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ: Oxford Online English dot
19:59
com.
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comμ—μ„œ 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 전체 버전을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
20:00
You can read the text and practise with our quiz.
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ν…μŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό 읽고 ν€΄μ¦ˆλ‘œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
20:05
Thanks for watching and see you next time!
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λ΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μŒμ— 또 λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€!
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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