Learn all the Tenses in English: Complete Course

6,223,086 views ใƒป 2022-06-17

Learn English with Rebecca


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Do you want to make a big improvement in yourย  English? One of the best ways to do that is byย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š” ? ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
00:05
mastering English tenses. This means understandingย  the difference between saying "I work" or "I amย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, "I work" ๋˜๋Š” "I am
00:13
working", "I have worked", or "I had worked", andย  so on. Tenses tell us when something happened,ย ย 
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working", "I have work" ๋˜๋Š” "I had working" ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ง์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
00:21
and whenever you communicate in English, you'reย  using an English tense. The only question is,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
00:27
are you using the right tense? In this series, you will learn allย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ 
00:32
of the English tenses. These are full, completeย  classes for anyone who wants to speak, write, orย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ , ์“ฐ๊ณ , ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:41
understand English more easily and clearly. Withย  each tense, we will go step by step from beginningย ย 
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. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
to end. We'll also go through the program fromย  beginner level to the advanced level of tenses.ย ย 
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
And we'll do lots of practice along the way. In addition, I will show you a special way toย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
01:04
understand these tenses, so you can really startย  to use them more easily and quickly. Remember,ย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”,
01:12
tenses give structure to the language. If yourย  structure is weak, your English will be weak.ย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์— ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์–ด๋„ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But if your structure is strong,ย  your English will be strong. ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด๋„ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
So, join me in this program to master theย  English tenses so that you can communicateย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜์—ฌ
01:30
fluently and confidently in English. Hi, I'm Rebecca, and welcome to this series onย ย 
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:36
English tenses. In this program, you will learnย  how to use each of the English tenses, step byย ย 
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. ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด
01:43
step, so that you can communicate more powerfullyย  and correctly and confidently in English. ย 
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๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Now, when we say English tenses, what does thatย  mean? Tenses are simply the way we talk about timeย ย 
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:59
in any language. So, for example, when we want toย  say when something happened, we're using tenses.ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
If we're talking about the past, the present, orย  the future, we need to use tenses. And in English,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์–ด์—๋Š”
02:16
there are twelve tenses. Don't let that frightenย  you. I'm going to explain it to you in a way thatย ย 
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12๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
02:22
makes it much easier for you to understand andย  start to use each of these tenses. And that'sย ย 
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
02:28
how you will progress in your English. Okay? So, first, I've divided the tenses into six basicย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ
02:37
tenses and six advanced tenses. And I'm going toย  show you exactly the kind of patterns that existย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ์™€ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:45
throughout this tense system, so that as youย  go forward, many parts of it will become easierย ย 
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์ด ๊ธด๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ ์  ๋”
02:51
and easier. Okay? Alright. That's first of all. Now, in terms of what are these lessons actuallyย ย 
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์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์šฐ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:59
like? In terms of the content - these are notย  short lessons. These are full, complete classesย ย 
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? ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ - ์งง์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:06
on each tense. Alright? Just as if - if youย  were in a language school in North Americaย ย 
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. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋งˆ์น˜ - ๋ถ๋ฏธ
03:12
or England or Australia. That's the kind ofย  class it'll be. A solid class on each tense. ย 
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, ์˜๊ตญ, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ดํ•™์›์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—….
03:19
So, in these classes, I will explain, for eachย  tense, when to use it and how to use it. Weย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:27
will do lots of practice so that you really feelย  comfortable using that tense correctly in terms ofย ย 
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03:33
the grammar, in terms of when to use it. And also,ย  we'll look at some common mistakes that studentsย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํŽธ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
03:40
often make so that you don't make those mistakes.ย  I've also created some bonus lessons where weย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ ˆ์Šจ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:47
compare different tenses. Because sometimes theย  confusion is not within the tense but betweenย ย 
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. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋™์ด ์‹œ์ œ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹œ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:53
tenses. So, I've got some comparison lessons thatย  will help you understand the differences. Okay? ย 
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. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:00
Next - so, how could you do this course?ย  Here are my suggestions. First, make a plan,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ - ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์ œ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์›Œ
04:08
alright? Make a schedule for yourself.ย  When are you going to watch them? And then,ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ผ์ •์„ ์งœ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์–ธ์ œ ๋ณผ๊ฑฐ์•ผ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
04:14
like any school, show up for class. Really, it'sย  not just about wishing that you get better, orย ย 
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์—ฌ๋Š ํ•™๊ต์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
04:21
hoping that you get better in English. It's aboutย  making a decision and then taking the actions. So,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
04:27
you've already made the decision, becauseย  you're watching this, and that's amazing. Now,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
04:31
make the plan so you can take the action steps youย  need to reach your goal. Okay? That's first. ย 
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์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ์„ธ์š” . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋จผ์ €์•ผ.
04:37
Next - watch the lesson. Alright? Takeย  your time with it. Don't rush through it,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ - ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ 
04:44
even if some part seems easy, watch itย  anyway. Let your brain get really comfortableย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‰ฌ์›Œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋„ ์–ด์ฐจํ”ผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:49
and completely knowledgeable in that area,ย  okay? And while you're watching, participate.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:57
What does that mean? Be an active learner.ย  Make notes. Go get a special notebook,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:03
a special binder, just for this course, thisย  program, alright? Take notes as you go along.ย ย 
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •, ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์ฑ…, ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ธ๋”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์„ธ์š” , ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:09
Participate and repeat after me when I'm - whenย  we're doing the pronunciation sections. Answer meย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์Œ ์„น์…˜์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
05:16
when I'm asking questions, work on the exercisesย  with me so that you are fully engaged andย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:23
learning fully throughout that time, alright? Next - review. Whenever you have time or duringย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ - ๊ฒ€ํ† . ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋˜๋Š”
05:32
the week or something like that, between yourย  classes, review what you've learned. Go back - ifย ย 
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์ฃผ์ค‘์— ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—… ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ -
05:37
there's any particular part you're not sureย  about, go back over it and just learn it again.ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
05:43
Review it so that you'll feel really sure as youย  go forward into the other tenses. And it will makeย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
05:49
everything so much easier for you, okay? I know that this program will work for you.ย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Just stay with it and show up and keep goingย  through it, step by step, and I know that itย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์„œ ์ฐจ๊ทผ์ฐจ๊ทผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋”
06:00
will lead you to a higher level of English. Howย  do I know that? Let me take just a few secondsย ย 
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๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„์š”? ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ œ
06:06
to tell you a little bit about myself. Myย  name's Rebecca Ezekiel. I've been teachingย ย 
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์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Rebecca Ezekiel์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
06:11
English for more than 30 years, and I've workedย  with thousands of students from all over the worldย ย 
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30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:17
to help them improve their English forย  academic purposes, business purposes,ย ย 
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ํ•™์—…, ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชฉ์ 
06:21
and all kinds of other reasons. Alright?ย  I've also created lots of training programsย ย 
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๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋˜ํ•œ
06:27
for corporations and governments and schools andย  colleges. So, I assure you, you're in good hands.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์—…, ์ •๋ถ€, ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ๋‹ดํ•˜๊ฑด๋Œ€, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ข‹์€ ์†์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
I understand you. I understand your challenges,ย  but also your hopes and dreams in improvingย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:40
your English to really expand your life. So, let's go on this journey together and,ย ย 
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. ์ž, ์ด ์—ฌ์ •์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:46
most important, let's get started! In this video, I'm going to give you anย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค! ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š”
06:51
overview of all of the English tenses. And I'mย  going to show you a special way to understand themย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:58
so that you can learn them more easily. So, thisย  video is part of the www.engvid.com series onย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์€ ์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ www.engvid.com ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:04
English verb tenses. But what are tenses anyway?ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:09
Tenses are just the way we refer to time in aย  language. We could be talking about the past orย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:16
the present or the future. In English, thereย  are twelve different tenses, and they can beย ย 
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. ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” 12๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
07:22
explained in many different ways, but I'm goingย  to show you a simple way that I think will makeย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:28
it much easier for you to learn, understand,ย  and start using them. So, let's have a look. ย 
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ , ์ดํ•ด ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
07:36
So, on the board, I've written the twelve tenses.ย  In red are the names of the tenses, and in blackย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์น ํŒ์— 12์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์€ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰์€
07:44
is an example each time of that tense. Alright?ย  But right now, you don't have to worry about that.ย ย 
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๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
This is just to give you the big picture,ย  alright? But don't worry if you don't knowย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:57
the names of these tenses or the examples. Itย  doesn't matter at all. Once we begin the program,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:03
you will be learning one tense at a timeย  and you'll learn everything you need toย ย 
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
08:08
know when you get to that tense. Alright? So, what do we need to see here, though, that isย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ
08:14
helpful to us? So, even though there are twelveย  tenses, I've divided them in a particular way.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
The first six are what I call the basic tenses.ย  Because usually, these are the ones you learnย ย 
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์ฒ˜์Œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:30
first when you start learning English. Theย  second part, the second six tenses are moreย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
08:37
advanced tenses. Usually, you start learning thoseย  a little bit later. That's the first part. ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ›„์— ํ•™์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
Now, let's look at it this way. On this side,ย  we see simple tenses. On this side, we seeย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ชฝ์—๋Š”
08:55
continuous tenses, which are sometimes calledย  progressive tenses. But all those names, simple,ย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ 
09:01
continuous, doesn't matter right now. Becauseย  when you get to that tense, you'll understand it.ย ย 
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์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
What is important, though, is that many ofย  the patterns and rules that you'll learn hereย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋งŽ์€ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ด
09:14
will help you throughout this part of the tenses.ย  And many of the rules and patterns about grammar,ย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ๋ฐœ์Œ, ์ฒ ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ
09:22
pronunciation, and spelling that you learn rightย  here with this continuous tense will help you allย ย 
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ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
the way through to the most advanced tense. What does that mean for you? It means that,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ฆ‰,
09:34
as you go forward in this program, from theย  beginner tenses and the more basic tensesย ย 
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ
09:40
to the more advanced tenses. It's not -ย  everything is not going to get harder.ย ย 
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๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Many of the points will actually become easier,ย  because you will already have learned them upย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์š”์ ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐฐ์› ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
here in the basic tenses, or here, because many ofย  these, as you can see - actually all of them haveย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:57
some sort of continuous aspect, which you willย  understand completely when you get there. Okay? ย 
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
10:04
So, that's the most important points that I thinkย  you should take away right now from this. Allย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
you need to do at this point now is to begin theย  program with the first tense, which is the presentย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:17
simple tense. So I wish you all the best. Hi, I'm Rebecca. Welcome to this series onย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:24
English tenses. In this class, we will look at theย  present simple tense. I'll show you exactly whenย ย 
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. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ธ์ œ
10:32
to use it, how to use it, and also what mistakesย  to be careful of when you're using this tense.ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
We'll also go through lots of practice exercisesย  together, so you'll learn exactly how to useย ย 
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:46
this tense correctly and confidently.ย  Are you ready? Let's get started. ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
10:52
This series is about English tenses. But whatย  are tenses anyway? Tenses are simply the wayย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์‹œ์ œ๋Š”
11:00
we talk about time in English. What do we mean byย  time? We mean the past, the present, the future,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‚˜์š” ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
right? These are all different times and we haveย  different tenses to express or talk about thoseย ย 
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๋งž์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:17
times. So, in this lesson, we're going toย  look at the two basic ways that you - we canย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
speak about the present in English and they are:ย  the present simple and the present continuous,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•,
11:33
or present progressive as it's also called. Now, although we are focusing on the presentย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:39
simple, I want to give you a littleย  overview so you understand the basicย ย 
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11:45
differences between these two simple tenses,ย  alright? So, let me give you an example.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ์š”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
In present simple, we would say "I work". And inย  present continuous, we would say "I am working".ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” "I am working"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
So, what's the difference? What's theย  difference between these two sentences?ย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
12:11
What's the difference, is there a difference?ย  I don't know, what do you think? Well,ย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์•ผ, ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด? ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด? ์Œ,
12:19
I do know. And there is a difference. Perhaps, inย  your language, there isn't any difference becauseย ย 
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์•Œ์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
12:25
in many languages, there is no difference betweenย  the way that these two ideas are expressed,ย ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
but in English, there is a difference inย  the idea and the way that we say it. ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
So, let me explain what that difference is. Whenย  we say "I am working", which is that other tense,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ "I am working"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
12:45
present continuous, which we can learn later, thatย  is talking about something that is happening now,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ
12:53
or something temporary. What do I mean by now?ย  For example, I am teaching. You are listening,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ 
13:03
right? All these things are happening right now.ย  So, when we are saying that, when I'm saying that,ย ย 
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? ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ,
13:10
I'm using present continuous. But whenย  I say "I work", that is in general.ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ '์ผํ•œ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
For example, I may not be working at thisย  moment, but I work somewhere. I have a job. So,ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
13:24
when we talk about something that's trueย  in general, that's present simple. Also,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ
13:32
present simple is for something that's more orย  less permanent. For example, if you have a job,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ง์—…์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:39
of course, no job or thing in life is necessarilyย  permanent. What does permanent mean, that it lastsย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ผ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
13:46
all the time, but let's say you're notย  changing jobs every day. So, more or less,ย ย 
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๋งค์ผ ์ด์งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ
13:53
this is the job you'll always have. This isย  your permanent job. So then, for those kindย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜
13:59
of activities, we use present simple and we sayย  "I work at the bank". "I work in the store" etc.ย ย 
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์˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  "I work at the bank"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "I work in the store" ๋“ฑ
14:08
But, "I am working" would just be right now, or itย  could also be for something temporary. "Temporary"ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "I am working"์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ž„์‹œ'๋Š”
14:16
means only for a short period of time. This isย  for always, this is for a short period of time.ย ย 
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
This is true in general, and this oneย  is true for something happening now.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
So, those are some basic differencesย  between these two tenses. ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
Now, let's focus on the tense that we'reย  working on today, which is present simple. So,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ์‹œ์ œ์ธ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
14:42
how does it sound? How does it actually work? It'sย  like this - so these are the different subjects,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
14:49
and this is the verb and the way we use it.ย  So just repeat it after me: I work. You work.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We work. They work. He works. She works. And:ย  It works. "It" meaning the air conditioner,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ : ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์€ ์—์–ด์ปจ
15:18
or the computer. "It" is for something whichย  is not a person but it's for a thing. ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
And we saw some differences there.ย  Don't worry about those changes now.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—
15:29
We're going to learn all aboutย  that in a later part of thisย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:34
lesson, okay? So that's what it sounds like. Thisย  is a basic description of these two differencesย ย 
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
15:41
which you can keep in mind as we now moveย  forward with the present simple tense. ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Now, let's look at when we use theย  present simple tense, okay? So, we haveย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ
15:54
five different situations in which we can useย  this tense. Let's go through them one by one. ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
First of all, we can use the present simple tenseย ย 
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์šฐ์„  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
16:05
to talk about things which are permanent. Whichย  are more or less always true, okay? For example:ย ย 
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์˜ˆ:
16:14
"We live in New York". So, let's suppose thatย  this is where you live, right? Not just for aย ย 
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ
16:21
short time, but for a long time, and more or less,ย  it's a permanent situation. It's always true forย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:28
you. It doesn't mean it's completely true always,ย  but most of the time, this is where you live.ย ย 
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. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๊ณณ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
So, that's what we consider permanent.ย  So, we could say "We live in New York",ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "We live in New York",
16:42
"He works at a bank", so when we say, "He worksย  at a bank", it means that's his permanent regularย ย 
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"He works at a bank"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "He works at a bank"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:50
job, okay? It's not a temporary job, it's notย  a job that he has just for a little while,ย ย 
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๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ์ž ๊น๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง์—…๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
16:55
that's where he works most of the time, okay?ย  So, we use this for permanent situations.ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ•ด์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ
17:03
Think about yourself, okay? Wheneverย  you're trying to learn a tense,ย ย 
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์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
17:07
one of the great things you can do is toย  think of an example that applies to your life,ย ย 
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ
17:12
or to people that you know. What is permanentย  for you? So, you could say a sentence right now,ย ย 
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์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
17:20
such as "I live in _______", whichever cityย  you live in. Or, if you're working somewhere,ย ย 
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"I live in _______"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:28
and then you could say "I workย  __________", okay? So, you,ย ย 
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"I work __________"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
17:34
by making these sentences are already using theย  present simple tense. It's that simple. Okay. ย 
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
17:41
So, let's look at another situation inย  which you can use the present simple tense.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
For routines. So, what's a routine? A routine isย  something you do regularly, okay? For example,ย ย 
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๋ฃจํ‹ด์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฃจํ‹ด์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ผ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
17:55
"I wake up at 6:00 every day.", okay? "I goย  to sleep at 11:00". So, wake, go, these verbsย ย 
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"์ €๋Š” ๋งค์ผ 6์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? " 11์‹œ์— ์ž๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ž, ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
18:07
are in the present simple tense because they'reย  talking about a regular activity, a routine.ย ย 
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๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™, ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:15
We can also use this tense to talk about facts.ย  For example: "The sun rises in the east".ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด "ํƒœ์–‘์€ ๋™์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค".
18:24
It's just a fact, it's something that's aย  scientific truth. It's not something that Iย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ง„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
18:29
decided or you decided, it's just true. We couldย  also say "The sun sets in the west", okay? ย 
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๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
18:39
Next, we can use this tenseย  to talk about schedules,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:46
because think about it, what is a schedule? Aย  schedule tells us when something is going toย ย 
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ผ์ •์€ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
18:51
happen, and that's kind of connected to thisย  point, right? A regularly scheduled event.ย ย 
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, ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ  ? ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ.
18:59
So, for example, we could sayย  "Our class starts at 9:00."ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ 9์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
Why are we using present simple? Becauseย  our class always starts at 9:00, alright?ย ย 
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ 9์‹œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
19:12
It's kind of permanent, it's kind of a routine,ย  it's a schedule. Or, the flight leaves at noon.ย ย 
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์˜ค์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
Not just this time, but the flightย  always leaves at noon. It has a scheduleย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •์˜ค์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ
19:29
and therefore we're using the presentย  simple tense with the words "starts"ย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '์‹œ์ž‘'
19:34
and "leaves". Okay, got that? Now, let's look at one other situation.ย ย 
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๋ฐ '๋‚˜๊ฐ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด? ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:42
There are some words in English, and they'reย  called adverbs of frequency, to describe how oftenย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:50
something is happening. And these words are shownย  down here, but let's look at this sentence first.ย ย 
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. ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
"She always takes the bus". So, always is aย  word that tells us how often something happens,ย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, always๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๊ณ ,
20:07
and all of these words down here are just likeย  that. So, if always is like 100% of the time,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ 100%์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋ฉด
20:17
we have other words. We have the word "never",ย  which is 0%, it never happens. It doesn't happenย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ ˆ๋Œ€'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 0%๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:25
at all. So, we could say he or she never takesย  the bus. We could also say, let's say, 50%ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ 50%์˜
20:36
of the time, okay, she takes the bus. So,ย  we could say "She sometimes takes the bus".ย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:42
Or, once in a while, okay,ย  "She rarely takes the bus".ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
20:50
Or, "She often takes the bus". So, when you seeย  one of these words, which are called adverbs ofย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์š”". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
20:58
frequency, that also tells you that you shouldย  be using the present simple tense, along withย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:05
these other situations. So, if you want to learnย  it really well, as I said, apply it to yourself.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:12
Say something about your routine. Say somethingย  about what you always do, or what you never do,ย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
21:21
and that way, you are alreadyย  using the present simple tense. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:25
Now, let's look at how toย  form the present simple tense.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
So, I've divided the board into three sections.ย  For positive sentences, negative sentences,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ, ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ,
21:38
and for questions. And we'll go throughย  each one step by step, okay? So,ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์šฉ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
21:45
for these subjects, I, You, We, and They,ย  we just say "work". For example, "I work".ย ย 
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I, You, We, They๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ '์ผ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค".
21:56
You can say it after me, that way, you willย  remember the grammar, you'll also get theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐœ์Œ๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
22:01
pronunciation, and it'll help you to learn andย  remember. So, repeat after me: I work, you work,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
22:16
we work, they work. Good. Now, lookย  what happens here. When it comes to he,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  โ€‹โ€‹๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ,
22:27
she, and it, we need to add an "s", okay? That'sย  all. We need to add an "s" for he, she, and it,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ. he, she, it์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:37
not because it's plural, it's notย  plural, but from a grammar point of view,ย ย 
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ
22:43
in the present simple, we need to add anย  "s" here. So, say it after me: He works,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ 
22:52
she works, and it works. Okay? Very good. So,ย  that's for a positive or affirmative sentence. ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:05
Now, let's look at a negative sentence. So, whatย  we would say is "I don't work" if we're shorteningย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด 'I don't work'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
23:15
it, or we would say "I do not work". So, whatย  happened here? How did we make it negative?ย ย 
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'I do not work'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:24
First, we have to add this word "do", andย  down here, we have to add the word "does".ย ย 
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๋จผ์ € 'do'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— 'does'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:32
So, this is a helping verb that we have to useย  in this negative form, alright? So just learnย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
23:38
it the way it is and then you'll understand itย  and you'll get used to it. So, we say "I do notย ย 
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์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค
23:46
work". The "do not", when we shorten it, becomesย  "don't", and how does that happen? We take out theย ย 
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'๋Š” ์ค„์ด๋ฉด 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
23:56
"o" here and then we squeeze these words together,ย  we join them together, and it becomes "don't". So,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 'o'๋ฅผ ๋นผ์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์งœ์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด 'don't'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
24:06
first, let's say it with the contraction, with theย  short form, because that's how we usually speak.ย ย 
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๋จผ์ € ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”. ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
24:13
It is correct to say, "I do not work", but usuallyย  we'll say "I don't work", alright? But the mostย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
24:21
important thing to remember is here we say, "I doย  not work" but here it becomes "He does not work",ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , "
24:30
and "does not" when we shorten it,ย  when we contract it, becomes "doesn't".ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ค„์ด๋ฉด , ์ค„์ด๋ฉด "ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
24:38
So, what happened here? We cancelled the "o" andย  again, we joined these two words "does" and "not"ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "o"๋ฅผ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด 'does'์™€ 'not
24:46
and it became "doesn't", and you can always knowย  how to spell this contraction or this short formย ย 
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'์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ 'does't'๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
because of where we put the apostrophe. We putย  the apostrophe, this little comma that's in the inย ย 
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
25:01
the air, in the place where we take out aย  letter. So, we put it here instead of the "o"ย ย 
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๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์‰ผํ‘œ์ธ ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "o" ๋Œ€์‹  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
25:08
and we put it here instead of the "o". So, let'sย  go through these. I don't work, You don't work,ย ย 
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"o" ๋Œ€์‹  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค,
25:21
We don't work, They don't work. Now, let's goย  to he, she, and it. Remember, he, she, and itย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
25:30
is always going to be a little bit different.ย  Let's hear it and say it: He doesn't work,ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค: ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค,
25:39
She doesn't work, It doesn't work. Let's say theย  phone, the computer, it doesn't work, okay? ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:50
Now, let's go to the questions. So, whatย  happens in the questions? In the question,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ
25:55
we also have to use that helping verb: "do".ย  "Do" here, and "does" down here, and we have toย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "do"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "Do", ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "does" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
26:05
change the order, so instead of saying "I do",ย  we say "Do I?", alright? So, repeat it after me:ย ย 
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์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ "I do" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "Do I?"๋ผ๊ณ  โ€‹โ€‹๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
26:13
Do I work? I don't know, I don't remember.ย  Do you work? Do we work? Do they work?ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•ˆ๋‚˜์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ผํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
26:28
Down here, you would say, with he, she,ย  and it: Does he work? Does she work?ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:40
Does it work? Alright? Now usually, of course,ย  you're not just going to say "Do you work?" Youย ย 
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์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "์ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:47
might say something more than that. Do you workย  on Fridays? Do you work Monday to Friday? Doย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ์— ์ผํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์›”์š”์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
26:52
you work at the bank? Alright? So usuallyย  there's something more, but I've just putย ย 
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ
26:57
the basic form here so that you understandย  the structure of how to use this tense. ย 
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:03
Now, another important point is thatย  sometimes, when we ask questions,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
27:08
we don't just start with "do" or "does", but weย  need to add a question word, right? So, maybeย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "do" ๋˜๋Š” "does"๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
27:15
you want to say "where". What are the questionย  words, first of all: who, what, when, where, why,ย ย 
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'์–ด๋””'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ? ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋””์„œ, ์™œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜,
27:24
how, how much, how many, how often, okay?ย  These are all what are called question words,ย ย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:32
but if you have one of these question words,ย  all you have to do, it's really easy, the onlyย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:38
thing you have to do is to put that questionย  word right before this structure. So, "Whereย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ๊ทธ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์–ด๋””์—์„œ
27:47
do you work?", right? When do you work?ย  Why do you work? How much do you work?ย ย 
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์ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”?" ๋งž์ฃ ? ์–ธ์ œ ์ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
27:55
How often do you work? But we're keeping the sameย  structure and we still need to have that helpingย ย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š”
28:02
verb "do". The same down here: Where does he work?ย  When does she work? Okay? So, keep that structureย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'do'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€
28:11
and even if you have a question word, don'tย  worry, just put it at the beginning. So,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
28:17
here we have some examples: Where doย  you live? What do you do? Okay? ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋””์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ๋„ˆ ๋ญํ•˜๋‹ˆ? ์ข‹์•„์š”?
28:25
But the most important thing to remember isย  this part, okay? He works. She works. It works.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€์žˆ๋‹ค.
28:35
This is the only place in the entire boardย  where we're adding an "s" to the verb itself.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด๋“œ์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ž์ฒด์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:42
Everywhere else, we're just using the base formย  of the verb, right? So, let's say our verb isย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ  ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
28:48
"to work". So, here it's "work". I work, I don'tย  work, Do you work? He works, here it's different,ย ย 
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"to work"๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "์ž‘์—…"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผํ•ด์š”, ์•ˆ ์ผํ•ด์š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•ด์š”? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:58
but after that, it goes back to the base formย  of the verb, right? He doesn't work. Does heย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
29:06
work? So even though with he, she, and itย  in the positive sentence we add the "s",ย ย 
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ he, she, it์€ ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€
29:11
but here in the negative, no, go back to theย  base form and in the question, go back to theย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”
29:17
base form of the word "work", but you do needย  to remember that in that positive sentence,ย ย 
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'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. work', ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—
29:23
add the "s", okay? So, that's the structureย  of the present simple tense. It's reallyย ย 
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's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง
29:30
pretty straightforward, you just needย  to practice it and you will get it. ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ตํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:35
Now, let's look at some of the spelling changesย  we need to make in the present simple tense.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
29:40
We only need to make those changes, as I mentionedย  earlier, when we're using he, she, or it, because,ย ย 
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์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด he, she ๋˜๋Š” it์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:49
for example, we say "I work" but "He works",ย  right? So what was the spelling change we neededย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”
29:56
there? We had to add an "s". And most of theย  time, with most verbs, all you need to do is addย ย 
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? "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ
30:04
that "s". For example, dance becomes dances. Youย  can say it after me as well, okay? Cook - cooks.ย ย 
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's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ถค์€ ์ถค์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋’ค์—๋„ ๋งํ•ด๋„ ๋ผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ - ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ.
30:20
Sleep - sleeps. Alright? So there, all we did,ย  we just added the "s" for the he, she, or it. ย 
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์ž๋‹ค - ์ž”๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ he, she ๋˜๋Š” it์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:31
Next, if the verb ends withย  an s, or an sh, or a ch,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ s, sh, ch,
30:41
or an x, then we need to add "es". And we canย  almost hear it, okay? Just listen. For example,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” x๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด 'es'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋“ค์–ด. ์˜ˆ:
30:52
kiss - kisses. You see that we're hearing "kisses"ย  "es" a little bit - it's a little bit longer,ย ย 
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ํ‚ค์Šค - ํ‚ค์Šค. "kisses" " es"๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ธฐ
31:02
so that tells us we need to add an "es".ย  The next one, wash becomes washes. Teach -ย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "es"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์ฒ™์€ ์„ธ์ฒ™์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค -
31:15
teaches. Fix - fixes. Okay? So, that's anotherย  change. Another one is verbs ending in a consonantย ย 
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๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ • - ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž์Œ๊ณผ y๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
31:30
and y. What do I mean by that? If we look at thisย  verb: study, it ends with a y, right? And justย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? ์ด ๋™์‚ฌ: study๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด y๋กœ ๋๋‚˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
31:40
before the y, we have a consonant. What'sย  a consonant? Anything that's not a vowelย ย 
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y ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ์ž์Œ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์Œ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ชจ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
31:48
is a consonant. So, what's a vowel? A vowel inย  English is a, e, i, o, or u. Everything else: b,ย ย 
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์ž์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋ชจ์Œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ์Œ์€ a, e, i, o ๋˜๋Š” u์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ: b,
31:59
d, g, x, etc., these are all consonants. So,ย  d is a consonant. Or here, in the word try,ย ย 
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d, g, x ๋“ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ d๋Š” ์ž์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ try๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์—
32:09
we have a y and before that, we have a consonant,ย  right? So, what happens in those cases? We haveย ย 
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y๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์ž์Œ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ  ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
32:16
to drop that last y and we have to add "ies".ย  You've probably seen this lots of times, okay,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ y๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  "ies"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:26
but this is actually what's happening. So,ย  study becomes studies. Try becomes tries,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:37
okay? You'll get it, you'll see. Fry - fries,ย  right? Like French fries, okay? Alright. ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠ€๊น€ - ๊ฐ์žํŠ€๊น€ ๋งž์ฃ ? ํ”„๋ Œ์น˜ ํ”„๋ผ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
32:45
So, then, last of all, there are some otherย  verbs. They're usually irregular verbs,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ˆ์š”,
32:52
okay? These are the most common patterns, butย  there are a few verbs where the ending might beย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:00
different in one way or another, okay? Sometimesย  the verb really changes and you have to payย ย 
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
33:06
attention to that. You may be familiar with manyย  of these already, but here are a few examples.ย ย 
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. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:12
Go becomes like "I go", "Heย  goes". "I do", "She does".ย ย 
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Go๋Š” "I go", "He go"์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ๋‹ค", "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•œ๋‹ค".
33:23
"I have", "It has". So you see that inย  some cases, the verb changed completely,ย ย 
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"์žˆ๋‹ค", "์žˆ๋‹ค". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:31
okay? So these are the most common patterns forย  spelling changes in the present simple tense. ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:39
Now, let's look at how to give short answersย  in English. See, in real conversation,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹ค์ œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ
33:45
when someone asks you a question, we don'tย  usually repeat the whole question in our answer.ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:52
We just give what's called like a shortย  answer. Let me give you an example.ย ย 
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์†Œ์œ„ ์งง์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
33:58
If someone says, "Do they need help?", then youย  can just say, in short, either "Yes, they do" orย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ "์˜ˆ, ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š”
34:10
"No, they don't". So, we do not haveย  to say "Yes, they need help", right?ย ย 
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"์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ '์˜ˆ, ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
34:16
You don't have to repeat that whole question.ย  You just give what's called the short answer.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:22
And how do you know how to shorten it?ย  It's really easy. So, if the questionย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์••๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด
34:29
starts with "Do", like this, right? Then yourย  answer will include some form of "do" or "don't",ย ย 
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'Do'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” 'ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
34:39
depending on if it's a positive sentence or aย  negative one. So, we see here "Do they need help?"ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
34:47
"Yes they do.", right? Or "No, they don't."ย  Alright? So, the "do", the way the question startsย ย 
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"๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋งž์ฃ ? ๋˜๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ธ 'ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ'์€
34:58
is the way you will be able to answer it,ย  alright. It's really pretty simple, it really is.ย ย 
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๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:06
The important thing to remember is thatย  in the affirmative or positive answer,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ๋Š”
35:12
we cannot shorten it, okay? There is no wayย  to shorten that correctly. So here, we haveย ย 
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์ถ•์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š”
35:19
to say "Yes, they do", but here we can use theย  short form, or that contraction that we learned,ย ย 
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ '
35:26
and you can say "No, they don't". Alright? Let's look at another example. This time, I thinkย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š”
35:33
you'll be able to apply the principle yourself.ย  So, the question is "Does he speak French?".ย ย 
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์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:42
So, how did it start? With "does". So, whatย  are our options? "Yes, he does.", right?ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "ํ•œ๋‹ค"๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? "์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋งž์ฃ ?
35:51
Or "No, he doesn't." Okay? Again, the "does" isย  used in the short answer. "Yes, he does." "No,ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'does'๋Š” ๋‹จ๋‹ตํ˜•์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
36:05
he doesn't." Got it? Alright. So, based on that,ย  you can see that you could answer any questionย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”." ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
36:14
that someone's asking you in present simpleย  by just listening carefully to the question,ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜
36:19
but you do have to pay attention also to theย  subject here. So for example, in this last one,ย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ์—๋„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰
36:27
"Do you like this song?", somebody asks you,ย  "Do you like this song?". So your answer -ย ย 
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๊ณก์—์„œ "์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "์ด ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ -
36:34
they're asking you, so you can't say "Yes,ย  you", you have you say "Yes, I". "Yes, I do",ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "์˜ˆ, ๋‹น์‹ "์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ  "์˜ˆ, ๋‚˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ˆ, ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
36:42
the "do" comes into play again, or "No, I don't."ย  So again, you do see the same principle appliedย ย 
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"ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์›์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
36:53
all the way. And again, remember, in theย  positive form, you cannot shorten it,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
36:59
but in the negative form you can and you shouldย  shorten it because that's how we normally speak,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:06
and these short answers are used a lot in normalย  conversation, so it would be a good idea for youย ย 
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์ด ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
37:11
to learn them and it's really pretty fast andย  I think you might have already learned them.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๊ฝค ๋น ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:16
So, do you understand? You could say "Yes, I do!"ย  I hope that's what you said, okay? Alright. ย 
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์ž, ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? "์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
37:26
Now, let's look at some common mistakes thatย  students often make when they start using theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:31
present simple tense, and this way you'll knowย  what to be careful of so that you don't makeย ย 
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
37:36
these kind of mistakes, alright? Let's look. Soย  usually the mistakes are of four different kinds.ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์ž. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:45
Sometimes, the mistake is in the tense itself. Soย  remember we mentioned at the beginning that thereย ย 
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ œ ์ž์ฒด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—
37:51
can be present simple and present continuous, andย  that present simple is for something permanentย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์€ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
37:58
and present continuous is for somethingย  temporary. So sometimes, learners get mixed upย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š”
38:06
between these two tenses. So, let's say in thisย  example that this person lives in Tokyo, right?ย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋„์ฟ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
38:14
It's not just for a little while, it's where thatย  person lives. So, if that person said "I am livingย ย 
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์ž ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด "๋‚˜๋Š”
38:21
in Tokyo", that would be wrong. If that's whereย  the person stays permanently, he or she should sayย ย 
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๋„์ฟ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
38:29
"I live in Tokyo". They could say "I am livingย  in Tokyo" only if it's something temporary,ย ย 
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'๋„์ฟ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ "๋„์ฟ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:39
alright? So, that is one mistake that'sย  sometimes made with the present simple,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ
38:44
that confusion between it and present continuous.ย  Now, let's look at another kind of mistake.ย ย 
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๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฐ์† ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:51
That's when a mistake is made with the verb form.ย  You'll find it because now you're good at this,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ž˜ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”,
38:58
okay? Ready, let's read. These are allย  mistakes, okay, so these are all wrong,ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ค€๋น„, ์ฝ์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
39:03
we're going to correct them together. Theย  sentence right now says "We likes to travel."ย ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ 'We likes to travel'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:11
So, the verb is wrong. What should it be?ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
39:15
"We like to travel". Say it after me: Weย  like to travel. Good. Here's a mistake,ย ย 
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค". ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:26
the same thing in the verb form, but in aย  negative sentence: "They doesn't eat vegetables."ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
39:34
That's wrong, you know that. What should it be?ย  "They don't eat vegetables". Say it after me:ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด, ๋„ˆ๋„ ์•Œ์ž–์•„ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค". ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
39:45
"They don't eat vegetables". Good.ย  And here's a mistake in the question:ย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:54
"Does you talk to him often?" That's wrong.ย  We can't say that. We need to say what?ย ย 
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"๊ทธ์™€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
40:03
"Do you". Say it after me: "Do you talk to himย  often?" Good. Alright? So those are verb form kindย ย 
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€". "๊ทธ์™€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?" ์ข‹์€. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
40:13
of mistakes. Another mistake that's possible is inย  spelling. We looked at the many kinds of spelling,ย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:20
right, and you need to make the changes. Soย  here, the person wrote "She trys to save money",ย ย 
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "She trys to save money"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ
40:26
but the spelling of the verb is incorrect, becauseย  here it's a y and before that it's a consonant,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒ ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” y๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ž์—๋Š” ์ž์Œ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:32
remember? So what should it be? "Tries".ย  They had to drop that "y" and add "ies". So,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์–ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์‹œ๋„". ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "y"๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ณ  "ies"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
40:41
you'll pick up those spelling changes, okay?ย  Just pay attention when you're reading and so onย ย 
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๋งž์ถค๋ฒ• ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด ๋ถ€
40:46
and it'll come to you unnaturally. Next, sometimes an entire word is missing.ย ย 
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:54
So, let's look at this one. This is aย  question: "What time you finish work?".ย ย 
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ข€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”?"
41:01
It almost sounds right, but it's not. It'sย  wrong. Grammatically in English, that's wrong.ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:07
Can you understand it? Yes, you can understand it,ย  but it's still wrong. So, how do we correct it?ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ, ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
41:16
Did you find the mistake? So we shouldย  say "What time do you finish work?".ย ย 
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋ช‡ ์‹œ์— ์ผ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:24
So, what was missing was that helpingย  word, okay, that helping verb, remember,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
41:29
we do have to add that even if you haveย  a question word here like "what time",ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— "๋ช‡ ์‹œ"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:36
alright? "What time do you finish work?". So,ย  these are the four main kinds of mistakes that youย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค? "์–ธ์ œ ์ผ ๋‹ค ๋๋‚˜๋‹ˆ?". ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์œ ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
41:42
have to be careful of. In tense, using the wrongย  tense, using the wrong verb form, making any kindย ย 
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. ์‹œ์ œ, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์‹œ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜
41:49
of spelling mistakes, or leaving out an essentialย  verb or helping verb. Alright? That's it! ย 
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์˜ ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ• ์‹ค์ˆ˜, ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ ์ƒ๋žต. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ!
41:57
You've been learning a lot, so now it'sย  time to practice. Let's get started. ย 
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
42:03
Number 1: I take, but he ________.ย  What would you say in present simple?ย ย 
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๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 1: ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ________. ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
42:11
I take, he takes, right? You have toย  add that "s" there, right? Very good. ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— 's'๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€.
42:22
Now, let's work it the other way. Number 2: She does, We _______. Do youย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋ฒˆ: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” _______ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:30
know it? We do. Very good. Number 3: You enjoy.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€. 3๋ฒˆ: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:40
She ______. Yes, I can hear you.ย  She enjoys. Very good. Alright ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€ ______. ๋„ค, ์ž˜ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฆ๊ธด๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€. ์ข‹์•„์š”
42:51
Now, let's make some phrases negative, alright,ย  so we're going from positive to negative. ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ์ •์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:59
Number 4: They study. Theyย  ________________. Use the contraction.ย ย 
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4๋ฒˆ: ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ________________. ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
43:10
They don't study. Right? "Don't" being shortย  for what? Do not. Right, you've got it. ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? 'ํ•˜์ง€๋งˆ'๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ? ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ๋ผ. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:18
Number 5: The next one. He sings. Makeย  it negative. He ________________. Yes,ย ย 
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5๋ฒˆ: ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒƒ. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ ________________. ์˜ˆ,
43:34
He doesn't sing. "Doesn't" is shortย  for what? Does not. Very good. ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€.
43:41
Now, let's make some questions. So,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ์ž,
43:45
let's read the sentence first. Number 6: She wants to buy a new phone. ย 
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๋จผ์ € ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. 6๋ฒˆ: ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:50
How would we ask the question? What's theย  helping verb you have to use, helping word?ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ, ์กฐ๋ ฅ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
44:00
Do, or does, giving you a clue there. Here, it'sย  "She", so we have to say, "Does she want to buy aย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” 'She'์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ 'Dos she want to buy a
44:12
new phone?" Okay, so remember, we come back to theย  base form of the verb and we have to use "do" orย ย 
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new phone?'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ 'do' ๋˜๋Š”
44:19
"does", but because it's she, we're saying "does".ย  "Does she want to buy a new phone?" Okay? Good. ย 
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'does'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'does'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ƒˆ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ข‹์€.
44:27
Let's do the last one. Number 7: They sell books online.ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. 7๋ฒˆ: ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์„ ํŒ๋‹ค.
44:32
Ask a question about that. Again,ย  what are you going to start with?ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌด์—‡๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
44:40
"Do" this time, right. "Do they sell booksย  online?", right? Okay? Why "do"? Because nowย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” "ํ•ด๋ผ", ๋งž์•„. "์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋‚˜์š” ?" ๋งž์ฃ ? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ"? ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ
44:51
we're talking about they. And why "does" here?ย  Because we were talking about "she", alright. ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "ํ•˜๋Š”" ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
44:57
So, if you got those right, that's great! If youย  got any wrong, maybe you can go back later andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
45:03
check those parts, but we're going to practiceย  some more, we're going to learn a little bit more,ย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:07
and you'll get it for sure by theย  end of this, okay. Stick with me. ย 
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์ด๊ฑฐ, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์žˆ์–ด.
45:12
To review: you know the present simple tense whenย  you know when you use it, which we talked about,ย ย 
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๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ: ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ,
45:19
and how to use it. And how do you know that youย  know how to use it? When you can do these things:ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ:
45:26
you can make a positive sentence, a negativeย  sentence, and a question. For example,ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
45:34
you should be able to say easily "They live inย  Amsterdam." or "They don't live in Amsterdam." orย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š”
45:42
"Do they live in Amsterdam?". You should be ableย  to switch easily and comfortably and quickly andย ย 
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"์•”์Šคํ…Œ๋ฅด๋‹ด์— ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”?"
45:49
correctly between these three sentences, okay? So, remember, this is the present simple tense,ย ย 
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์ด ์„ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:57
but this is an entire series that we have ofย  English tenses, so from the present simple,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์˜์–ด ์‹œ์ œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—
46:04
you can go to the next class which is on theย  present continuous tense, and that way you canย ย 
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์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:10
take your English forward step by step, alright?ย  And if you'd like a little more practice on thisย ย 
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์”ฉ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค์„ธ์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด
46:17
tense, the present simple tense, go toย  www.engvid.com , alright? Thank you very muchย ย 
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์‹œ์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:23
for watching, I know you're a serious student,ย  and I know you're going to make good progress. ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:29
Hi, I'm Rebecca, and welcome to this class on theย  present continuous tense, which is also called theย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ €๋Š” Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”
46:36
present progressive tense. Now, this class is partย  of the engVid series on English verb tenses. So,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ engVid ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
46:45
the present continuous tense is a basic tense.ย  It's usually one of the first tenses that youย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
46:51
start to learn when you start studying English.ย  However, it doesn't exist in every language,ย ย 
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์˜์–ด ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
46:58
and it might not exist in your language. So, it'sย  possible to make mistakes very easily and it'sย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
47:05
a basic tense, so we really don't want to makeย  those kind of mistakes. So, just stay with me.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์žˆ์–ด.
47:11
We're going to go through it step by step. I'llย  show you exactly how to use it, we'll do lots ofย ย 
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๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
47:15
practice together, and you will understand and beย  able to use it. So, are you ready? Let's start. ย 
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ค€๋น„ ๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
47:24
So, there are two basic tenses, first, to startย  to talk about the present. They are the presentย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
47:34
simple and the present continuous, okay? We knowย  it has two names, I'm just going to use one name.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด๋ฆ„์ด 2๊ฐœ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฆ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:43
So, what's the difference? Let's look at someย  examples in each of these tenses. So, in theย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
47:48
present simple, I would say "I work". In theย  present continuous, I would say "I am working".ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” "I work"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” "I am working"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:59
So, what is the difference between these two? "Iย  am working" talks about something that's happeningย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๋‘˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "I am working"์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:07
right now. For example, I am teaching.ย  You are watching. You are listening. Or,ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋Š”๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
48:16
it can also talk about something temporary,ย  like you're watching this lesson this moment,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
48:22
but also for a short time. Short is a generalย  idea, okay? So, it could be something that'sย ย 
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Short๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
48:31
happening now, or something temporary. However, we use "I work" in present simpleย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ 'I work'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:39
to talk about things that are true in general.ย  I work in this company, but I'm working now. Or,ย ย 
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. ์ €๋Š” ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”,
48:49
I work in this company, but I'm not workingย  now. I'm having lunch. See the difference, okay?ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ง์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ
48:57
We also use present simple to talk about thingsย  that are more permanent, like your job, right? Youย ย 
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๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€
49:04
don't change your job usually every day. It's moreย  or less permanent; where you work, where you live.ย ย 
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๋ณดํ†ต ๋งค์ผ ์ง์—…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ.
49:10
This is more permanent and general, presentย  simple, and this is more temporary and now.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:18
So, that's the basic overview and the basicย  idea. And, how do we actually form this tense?ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ์š”์ด์ž ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? I, you, we, they, he,
49:25
We form it by using the subjectย  like I, you, we, they, he, she, it,ย ย 
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she, it๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€
49:31
plus the verb "to be", plus the verb,ย  plus -ing. Let's look at an example:ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be', ๋™์‚ฌ plus -ing๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:39
"I am working". So, we have theย  subject and the verb "to be" andย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be', ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
49:46
each form of the verb "to be". I am working, Youย  are working, We are working, They are working,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'์˜ ๊ฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
49:57
He is working, She is working, It's working,ย  okay? Like the computer, the air conditioner,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ, ์—์–ด์ปจ,
50:04
whatever, okay? So, that's theย  basic overview of this tense. ย 
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๋ญ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐœ์š”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:10
Now, let's look at when we use the presentย  continuous tense. So, as we saw earlier,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
50:17
we can definitely use it to talk about somethingย  that's happening right now. For example,ย ย 
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์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
50:24
"The baby is sleeping", don't make noise, okay?ย  Or for example, "Oh, it's raining outside",ย ย 
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"์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "์•„, ๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์š”",
50:32
alright? So those are examples of somethingย  happening right now. We can also use this tense toย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
50:39
talk about something that's happening around now.ย  For example, "He is writing a book". So, he mightย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
50:48
not be writing it this minute, but he's writingย  it around now. We don't know how long it'll take,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
50:56
but it's happening around this time. So,ย  we can use it in that context. For example,ย ย 
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์ด ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด,
51:03
we could also say "He's working on a project".ย  Maybe the project is going to take one week andย ย 
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"He's working on a project"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 1์ฃผ์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
51:10
maybe it'll take one year, or ten years, we don'tย  know, but it's happening around now, okay? ย 
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1๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  10๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
51:17
Next, we can also use it to talk aboutย  something temporary. Not something that happensย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
51:24
all the time, but something temporary. Forย  example, that book, right? We don't know,ย ย 
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ ์ฑ…, ๋งž์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:31
maybe it's going to take him three years to writeย  the book, but in his mind, it's not somethingย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ 3๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
51:37
that's going to last forever. It's somethingย  temporary, okay? So, this is more about how youย ย 
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์˜์›ํžˆ ์ง€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค , ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:44
look at what is happening. Or, this example,ย  something temporary, "We are staying at hotel".ย ย 
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. ๋˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” 'We are stay at hotel'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:53
We live in our home, that's permanent,ย  but right now, while we're in this city,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ง‘์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
51:58
while we're travelling, we are staying at aย  hotel. That's something temporary. Okay? ย 
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜ธํ…”์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
52:06
Next, we can also use it to talk about aย  trend. A trend is something that's changing,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:13
okay? Something that's developing. For example,ย  "The prices of homes are increasing". Let'sย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ์˜ˆ: '์ง‘๊ฐ’์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
52:21
say the prices were here, and now the prices areย  going up, so we can say the prices are increasing.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:28
Some sort of changes that are happening. And weย  can also talk about a trend in terms of somethingย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:34
that's popular. Often, we talk about things -ย  fashion trends, for example, right? People areย ย 
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. ์ข…์ข… ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒจ์…˜ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
52:42
wearing a certain color. People are wearing brightย  colors this summer, or people are wearing certainย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ‰์„ ์ž…๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ
52:48
kinds of shoes. So, we can talk about trendsย  using this present continuous tense, alright? ย 
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์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ฐœ์„ ์‹ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:57
So, those are the basic ways in which we useย  this tense, but I just want to let you know thatย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ,
53:03
there are also two slightly more advancedย  ways in which we can use this tense. So,ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
53:09
let's look at what they are. The first one isย  to talk about some kind of repeated action,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
53:16
but it's usually something negative. So,ย  we're using it to kind of - when we wantย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
53:21
to complain about something. For example,ย  if you say, "They're always making noise",ย ย 
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. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด , "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตด์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
53:29
that's a negative remark, right? So, we canย  use "always" in this context with the presentย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ 'ํ•ญ์ƒ'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
53:36
continuous tense. Usually, we use words likeย  always, never, sometimes, frequently, and so on,ย ย 
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. ๋ณดํ†ต ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€, ๊ฐ€๋”, ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
53:46
to talk about present simple. Something that'sย  true in general. For example, "They always helpย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ
53:52
us", or just to talk about facts. But whenย  you're talking about something negative,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ
53:58
then very often we can use this present continuousย  tense, but that's a slightly more advanced way toย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
54:04
use it, so don't worry about it too much, butย  you might hear people using it that way. ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•.
54:10
And, another point, I know that I said thisย  is called the present continuous, and it talksย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
54:17
about the present, not the past, not the future,ย  the present, however, sometimes we can actuallyย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
54:25
use it to talk about the future, but only inย  a special way. So, let's look at what that is.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
54:33
If I say, "She's flying to Mexico next week.",ย  now, if I didn't say "next week", if I only said,ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด์ œ "๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
54:42
"She's flying to Mexico", what does it mean? It'sย  happening right now. So, when I want to use thisย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
54:49
tense to talk about the future, I have to sayย  something like this. I have to say next week,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ,
54:56
tomorrow, next summer, next year, I have to giveย  it some kind of time in the future and then youย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ, ๋‚ด๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๋‚ด๋…„์—, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ข€ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
55:03
can use present continuous for the future in aย  slightly more advanced way, okay? So, those areย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
55:10
the basic ways in which we use this tense. Now, let's look at when not to use the presentย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
55:15
continuous tense. So, first of all, everythingย  here, all these examples, these are all wrong,ย ย 
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. ์šฐ์„ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ , ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:23
okay? And we're going to understand why. So,ย  we cannot use the present continuous tense toย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
55:30
talk about any permanent actions or activities.ย  For example, for most people, where they live,ย ย 
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€,
55:38
where they work, these are more or lessย  permanent. They don't change every day. They'reย ย 
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๊ทผ๋ฌด์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
55:43
not temporary, right? So, if I live in Canadaย  all the time, then it would be wrong to say,ย ย 
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
55:52
"I am living in Canada". That would onlyย  be okay if it was something temporary.ย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
55:58
Similarly, if I work at ABC company, and that'sย  my permanent job, it would be wrong to say,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ABC ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด ์ •๊ทœ์ง์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
56:06
"I am working at ABC Company". I wouldย  need to say, "I work at ABC Company".ย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ABC ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์ €๋Š” ABC Company์—์„œ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:13
That would be a difference tense, the presentย  simple tense. And similarly here, if I live inย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ์ด ์‹œ์ œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '
56:20
Canada, I need to say "I live in Canada" and notย  "I am living", because that would be temporary.ย ย 
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I am living'์ด ์•„๋‹Œ 'I live in Canada'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:26
So, that's the most common kind of mistake thatย  people make, so be really careful of that. ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
56:33
Similarly, we have stative verbs. This is anotherย  area that you have to be really careful about.ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:40
Why? Because in English, there are two kinds ofย  verbs: action verbs and what are called stativeย ย 
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์™œ? ์˜์–ด์—๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ์ƒํƒœ
56:48
verbs. So, action verbs are your normal verbsย  that you know most of the time like work, run,ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” work, run, play, jump์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
56:55
play, jump, okay? And stative verbs describeย  a state, or a condition. It could be a mentalย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ 
57:05
state. It could be an emotional state, okay? Andย  with this tense, we cannot use stative verbs,ย ย 
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์ƒํƒœ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ •์  ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
57:14
and in fact, in any continuous tense in English,ย  you cannot use stative verbs. Let me give you someย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:22
examples of stative verbs. For example, it wouldย  be wrong to say, "I am understanding English". No.ย ย 
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์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด '๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
57:32
You cannot say that, because "understand" is aย  stative verb, to do with your mind, so it's wrongย ย 
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"์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
57:39
to say that, okay? This is all wrong, okay. Itย  would be wrong to say, "We are liking this show".ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์–ด. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‡ผ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
57:47
Liking is wrong because "like" is aย  stative verb. So, we would need to say,ย ย 
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'like'๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
57:54
"We like this show". "I understand English", okay?ย  Similarly, here, when you talk about verbs thatย ย 
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"์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
58:05
refer to what you own, what you possess, what youย  have, we cannot use those verbs in the stativeย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
58:13
form with this tense. So, it would be wrongย  to say, "They are having a car". You wouldย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:20
need to say, "They have a car". Similarly,ย  again, there's a long list of stative verbs,ย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
58:29
but the verb "need" and the verb "want" are veryย  common verbs which are usually stative verbs andย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ "need"์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ "want"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
58:38
therefore you can't use them in this tense. So,ย  it would be wrong to say, "Are you needing help?".ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
58:45
You would need to say, "Do you need help?", okay?ย  So, whether you have learned the present simpleย ย 
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"๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋“ 
58:51
or not, don't worry right now, just understandย  that with the present continuous, you cannot useย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋“  ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š”
58:57
stative verbs, so everything here is wrong. Now, let's look at how we formย ย 
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์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
59:05
the present continuous tense. Let'sย  start by looking at a sample sentence.ย ย 
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. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:11
"I am working". So, we saw that there areย  three parts: I, which is the subject, am,ย ย 
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด์ธ I, am,
59:22
in this case, which is a form of the verbย  "to be", then we have the verb "work", right,ย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ 'work'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:31
and then we have "-ing", alright? So,ย  in order to use this tense correctly,ย ย 
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"-ing", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
59:40
you need to know two things: you need to beย  sure that you know the verb "to be" perfectly,ย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:47
and then you need to know how to add the verb +ย  ing and any changes you need to make in spelling.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ + ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
59:54
So, what I've done is I've divided this lesson.ย  First; into just looking into the verb "to be"ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ; "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ 
60:02
to make sure that you're using it correctly,ย  because if you have mistakes in the verb "to be",ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"์— ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
60:08
this central part, then you will make mistakesย  in this tense. But if you've got it right,ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
60:14
then you'll be absolutely fine. So, let's justย  take a minute to review the verb "to be", alright?ย ย 
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
60:21
And then we'll move on to the next part. So, in a positive sentence, it would be I am.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” I am์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
60:31
You are. We are. They are. He is. She is. It is.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€. ๊ทธ๋Š”. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€.
60:49
Now, when we say the verb "to be", the verb "toย  be" is one of the most common verbs, but it isย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ
60:55
used in two ways. One is by itself. For example, Iย  can say "I am a teacher.", or we can also use theย ย 
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, I am a teacher๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ
61:05
verb "to be" as a helping verb, as it's being usedย  in this tense. Then, I could say "I am teaching".ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด "๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:16
Now, the verb "to be" became a helping verb, butย  one way or the other, whether I'm using the verbย ย 
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์ด์ œ 'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“ 
61:21
"to be" by itself or I'm using it in this context,ย  then I still need to know exactly how to use theย ย 
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'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“  ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋“ , ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:30
verb "to be". So now, let's look at the negative.ย  I am not. You are not. We are not. They are not.ย ย 
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"to be" ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
61:46
What do you notice? We're just adding "not",ย  right? Let's do it a little bit more. Heย ย 
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ ? ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ํ•ด๋ณด์ž. ๊ทธ๋Š”
61:53
is not. She is not. It is not. Okay? Rightย  now, don't worry about this last part. We'reย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
62:02
going to add that soon, okay? Let's just getย  this part right, the verb "to be", alright? ย 
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๊ณง ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žก๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”?
62:09
Next, let's look at when we have the verbย  "to be" in a question or in our tense.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์ œ์— 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
62:16
So, what do we do? Instead of saying "I am",ย  we say "Am I?". If you had the verb after that,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "I am"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  "Am I?"๋ผ๊ณ  โ€‹โ€‹๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
62:24
you'd say, "Am I working?" and so on, but we'llย  look at that in a minute. Right now, just masterย ย 
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"Am I working?"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
62:30
this part. It's a critical part of understandingย  and using this tense correctly. Are you?ย ย 
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์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€?
62:38
Are we? Are they? Right? The same at the bottomย  here: Is he? Is she? Is it? Alright? So, makeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€? ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋™์ผ : ๊ทธ๋Š”? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
62:52
sure that you can use the verb "to be" so that youย  can use the present continuous tense correctly. ย 
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'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
62:58
Now, let's look at how we form the fullย  present continuous tense. You alreadyย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ „์ฒด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
63:03
know the verb "to be", now we'll say a positiveย  sentence, a negative sentence, and a question.ย ย 
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'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ธ์ •๋ฌธ, ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ, ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:12
So you can repeat after me, it will be veryย  good practice to also hear the correct form.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:20
I am working. You are working. We areย  working. They are working. He is working.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž‘์—…. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑ”๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.
63:36
She is working. It is working. Okay, gotย  that? Good. For the negative, it's very easy,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด? ์ข‹์€. ๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:46
you just add "not" before the verb, plus the -ing,ย  so "not working", right? You are not working.ย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ ์•ž์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  -ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด '์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
63:56
He is not working. They are not working. Likeย  that, okay? It's very simple, just take thisย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
64:03
and add "not working". Now, for the question, weย  have to reverse the order. So, instead of sayingย ย 
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'์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
64:11
"I am", we say "Am I?", right? Just like with theย  verb "to be", same thing, that's why I told youย ย 
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"I am" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "Am I?"๋ผ๊ณ  โ€‹โ€‹ํ•˜์ฃ ? 'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
64:17
the verb "to be" is so important, it's part ofย  this tense. So, repeat after me, the questions:ย ย 
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'to be' ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
64:24
Am I working today? Are you working?ย  Are we working? Are they working?ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ๋„ˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
64:38
Is he working? Is she working? Is it working? So,ย  that's your basic question form. Now remember,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž‘๋™ ๋˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์–‘์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ „์—
64:50
you can always add a question wordย  before that. For example, you could sayย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
64:58
"When are you working?". Where are you working?ย  How long are you working? But what's important -ย ย 
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"์–ธ์ œ ์ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…? ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ -
65:12
what's important if you do that is to keepย  this same order. Keep your question order.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
65:21
Don't turn it back into a sentence. Just add theย  question word, like when, or how long, or why,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜, ์™œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
65:28
or something like that, and keep this structure.ย  When are you working? Where are you working? Whyย ย 
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์–ธ์ œ ์ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…? ์™œ
65:36
are you working? And so on, okay? And that'sย  how you form the present continuous tense. ย 
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์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
65:43
Now, let's look at how we use contractions inย  the present continuous tense. So, in English,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š”
65:49
sometimes, instead of saying, for example,ย  "I am learning", we shorten it or contract itย ย 
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด 'I am learning'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
65:58
and say, "I'm learning". So, why do we doย  that? Usually, it's faster, it's easier,ย ย 
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'I'm learning'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š” ? ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:06
and we use it a lot in informal conversationย  and also in informal writing. We do not usuallyย ย 
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๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์™€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
66:14
use contractions like these in formal businessย  writing or in academic writing, but we use themย ย 
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ž‘๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™์ˆ  ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ•์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
66:23
a lot on an everyday basis. So, let's see howย  to spell them and how to pronounce them. ย 
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๋งค์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ์ž๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์Œ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:29
So, I am becomes I'm. What happened here?ย  We took away the A and put an apostropheย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ญ” ์ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ ๋‹ˆ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” A๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:39
where we took away the letter and we joinedย  those two words. I'm. You are becomes you're.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
66:51
We are becomes we're. They are becomesย  they're. He is becomes he's. She is --ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” --
67:13
she's. And it is -- it's. Okay? Alright, soย  let's say a sentence, a really short sentence,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ -- ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์ •๋ง ์งง์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ 
67:24
with these contractions, so you can learn howย  to say them easily and naturally. I'm learning.ย ย 
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. ์ด ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
67:32
You're learning. We're learning.ย  They're learning. He's learning.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
67:46
She's learning. It's learning. Okay? Good. Now, we can do the same thing when it'sย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ข‹์€. ์ด์ œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
67:55
negative. So, instead of saying "I am not",ย  we can shorten it in one way only, we can sayย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "I am not"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ
68:05
"I'm not". So basically, we just took the "I'm"ย  and added "not", alright? So, we just got ridย ย 
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"I'm not"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 'I'm'์— 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
68:12
of this and then we joined these two, okay?ย  Sorry, we didn't join them, but we used them,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
68:19
one after the other, okay? I'm not. So, let's sayย  a sentence: I'm not watching. Are you watching TV?ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‚œ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ TV๋ฅผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
68:29
No, you can put it off, I'm not watching,ย  okay? Next: You are not becomes what? Thereย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋„ ๋ผ, ๋‚œ ์•ˆ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๋‹ค์Œ: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
68:38
are two possibilities here. First, let's just addย  "not". So, "you are not" can become you're not,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 'you are not'์€ you're not,
68:48
we're not, they're not. Or, "You are not"ย  can be contracted in a different way.ย ย 
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we're not, they're not์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” 'You are not'์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:00
Here, we're just going to take away the O hereย  and put an apostrophe and combine these two.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ O๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ณ  ์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ํ•ฉ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:08
What we did here is we took this one and weย  got rid of this letter and combined this one.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—†์• ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:15
So, let's look at it for a second. "You areย  not here" became "You're not". We contractedย ย 
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์ž, ์ž ์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "You are not here"๊ฐ€ "You're not"์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
69:22
these two words. "You are not here", we gotย  rid of the o and we joined these two words:ย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์•ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "You are not here"์—์„œ o๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:31
are not. So, the other possibility is "Youย  aren't". Say it after me: You aren't watching.ย ย 
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are not. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ 'You not'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๋ด: ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
69:42
We aren't watching. They aren't watching.ย  Okay? Very good. The same here - "Heย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋Š”
69:52
is not" can become "He's not",ย  right? We got rid of this one.ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:00
She's not, It's not. Or, we can get rid of theย  o here and join this and we can say "He isn't",ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ o๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ "He isn't"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:15
She isn't watching. It isn't watching. So that'sย  how we spell and pronounce the contractions. ย 
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She is not looking. ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝ์–ด์˜ ์ฒ ์ž์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
70:26
Now, let's look at some spelling changes we needย  to make to the verb when we're using the presentย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฒ ์ž ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
70:32
continuous tense. So, with all of the verbs, youย  need to add "-ing". And to most of the verbs,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” '-ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
70:40
that's all you need to do. You just need to addย  "ing". For example, eat becomes eating. Walk -ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ing'๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋จน๋‹ค(eat)๋Š” ๋จน๋‹ค(eat)๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑท๊ธฐ -
70:52
walking, right? All we did was add that "ing",ย  but with some verbs you need to make a few smallย ย 
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๊ฑท๊ธฐ, ๋งž์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ "ing"์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ์ด์ง€ ๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์€
70:59
other changes. For verbs ending in E, we needย  to drop the E and then add "ing". For example,ย ย 
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๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. E๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ E๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ 'ing'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
71:10
use becomes using, so we dropped or cancelledย  this E and added ing. Take becomes taking. Again,ย ย 
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use๋Š” using์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด E๋ฅผ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ทจ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ดํฌ๋Š” ํ…Œ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
71:23
we dropped or cancelled the e, alright? Good. For verbs ending in "ie", we need to drop the ieย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” e๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ทจ์†Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์ข‹์€. "ie"๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ie๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
71:34
and add y and then add the ing. For example, lie,ย  right, l-i-e, cancel ie, add y, then ing. Lying.ย ย 
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y๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ing๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ, l-i-e, ์ทจ์†Œ, ์ฆ‰ y๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ing. ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋งํ•˜๋Š”.
71:50
Tie becomes tying, okay? That's it! Now, for some verbs, ending in a C-V-C pattern,ย ย 
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๋„ฅํƒ€์ด๋Š” ๋ฌถ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์•ผ! ์ด์ œ C-V-C ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
72:04
we have to double the last letter. What doesย  that C-V-C? C stands for consonant, V for vowel,ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธ€์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ C-V-C๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? C๋Š” ์ž์Œ์„, V๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ์„,
72:13
and C again for consonant. A vowel in English isย  A,E,I,O or U and a consonant is any other letter.ย ย 
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C๋Š” ์ž์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด ๋ชจ์Œ์€ A,E,I,O ๋˜๋Š” U์ด๊ณ  ์ž์Œ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:23
So, what you do is look at the verb, alright, youย  look at the verb from the end, it will be easier,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ , ์ž, ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋” ์‰ฌ์šฐ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์—์š”,
72:31
and if it follows that pattern, right, C, a p isย  a consonant, an a is a vowel, and then the l isย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค์‹œ๋ฉด ๋งž์•„์š”, C, a p๋Š” ์ž์Œ, an a๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด l์€
72:38
a consonant, so if it follows that pattern,ย  C-V-C, then double that last letter. Now,ย ย 
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์ž์Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ C-V-C ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”. ์ด์ œ
72:45
there are some special circumstances, it doesn'tย  always apply, but it often applies. There areย ย 
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…์ข… ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
72:51
patterns in English spelling and sometimes thereย  are exceptions. So, in this case, clap becomesย ย 
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์˜์–ด ์ฒ ์ž์—๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ clap์€
72:59
clapping. Sit becomes sitting. Okay? And those areย  the major spelling changes you need to make. ย 
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clapping์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•‰๋‹ค ์•‰๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฒ ์ž ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
73:08
Now, let's look at how to give shortย  answers in the present continuous tense.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์งง์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
73:13
So, in English, if someone asks you a questionย  and your basic answer is "Yes" or "No", we don'tย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด '์˜ˆ' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค'์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
73:20
usually just say "Yes" or "No". We usually say aย  little bit more than that. But, at the same time,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '์˜ˆ' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์—
73:27
we don't have to repeat everything they askedย  us in the question in our answer. So, what weย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
73:34
do is something like this. If someone says, "Is heย  working late?" you could simply say "Yes, he is",ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ "๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด "์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
73:44
or "No, he isn't." And how do you know what toย  say here? You just take it from here, right?ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์••๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
73:52
So, is he? Yes, he is. Or, no, he isn't. Alright,ย  so, what's important to notice is that in theย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Š”? ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
74:03
positive answer, you cannot use any contraction.ย  You cannot shorten it and say "Yes, he's".ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ "์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋Š”"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:10
No, that's wrong. But in the negative, you canย  definitely use the contraction. You can say "No,ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "No,
74:16
he is not", it's not wrong, but usually we'llย  just use the contraction. The same thing here:ย ย 
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he is not"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
74:25
"Are they going to the meeting?" So, we could sayย  what? Yes, they are, or no, they aren't, okay?ย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํšŒ์˜์— ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?" ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ? ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
74:38
So, you're basically taking your answerย  clues from the question itself. And again,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๋‹จ์„œ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ,
74:44
no contraction possible in the positive answer. Here's another one. "Are you studying?"ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์—๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋„ˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ˆ?"
74:53
So here, it's going to be a little bit different.ย  Why? Because they're asking, "Are you" andย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด "๋‹น์‹ ์ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ณ 
75:00
they're - you have to answer with "I", right? Soย  here, you cannot use it, but you will simply sayย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ - ๋‹น์‹ ์€ "๋‚˜"๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
75:09
"Yes I am" or "No, I'm not". Got it? You can'tย  take it from there, but you can still just giveย ย 
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'์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๋˜๋Š” '์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์งง์€ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
75:18
a short answer. You don't have to say "Yes, I amย  studying", "No, I am not studying", just say "Yes,ย ย 
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. "์˜ˆ, ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค, ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ "์˜ˆ, ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
75:24
I am", "No, I'm not". In fact, it's a good thingย  to just know this phrase, alright? Yes, I am.ย ย 
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์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ , ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
75:31
No, I'm not. So, for example, if I ask you "Areย  you learning the present continuous tense?"ย ย 
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์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋‚œ ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด " ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
75:39
"Yes, I am." "Are you making progress in yourย  English?" "Yes, I am". "Are you feeling happy?"ย ย 
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"์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ?" "์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
75:48
I hope you're saying "Yes, I am." Now, let's practice what you've been learning.ย ย 
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"์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
75:55
So, we have some positive sentences we're goingย  to work with, some negative ones, and someย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ , ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ,
76:00
questions. So, first, we'll take a sentenceย  which is in present simple and we're going toย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜• ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
76:08
change it to present continuous, okay? Number 1 -- "I go" becomes what? "Iย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? 1๋ฒˆ -- "I go"๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? "๋‚˜๋Š”
76:23
am going." Or "I'm going." Alright? You can alsoย  contract it or shorten it. "We wait". Let's useย ย 
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๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ." ๋˜๋Š” "๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๊ณ„์•ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค".
76:39
the contracted form and turn it into the presentย  continuous form. "We wait" becomes what? "We'reย ย 
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์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . "๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
76:58
waiting", right? We're waiting.ย  We are waiting. We're waiting.ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค", ๋งž์ฃ ? ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
77:05
Good. "They play" - again, let's use theย  contraction just so you can practice theย ย 
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์ข‹์€. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋†€์•„์š”" - ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ถ•์•ฝ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
77:13
spelling, also where to put that apostrophe and soย  on and pay attention to it. "They play." becomesย ย 
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์œ„์น˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ƒ."
77:23
"They're playing.", okay? Very nice. Alright. Now, we have a sentence that's alreadyย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด."๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
77:35
in present continuous. What we want toย  do is to change it to the negative formย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
77:43
in present continuous. "She's calling." Howย  can we make that negative? There are two ways.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด." ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
77:50
She's calling - make it negative - She's notย  calling, this is one way, and the other way - Sheย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š” - ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
78:09
isn't calling, right? Those were the two ways thatย  we learned. She's not calling. She isn't calling.ย ย 
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์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:20
Alright? Very good. "We're cooking". Make itย  negative. First, the easy way, you can alwaysย ย 
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์Œ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ๋จผ์ €, ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
78:29
just use the easy way too, if you're unsure -ย  We're not cooking. I call this one the easy way,ย ย 
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
78:39
because you just need to add "not" and it's 100%ย  right. It's not like that one is better than thisย ย 
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'not'์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด 100% ๋งž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
78:45
one, no, everything is equally correct. We're notย  cooking, or what's the other way though? We aren'tย ย 
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. ์•„๋‹ˆ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
78:59
cooking. Okay? So again, payย  attention to the spelling there.ย ย 
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. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฒ ์ž์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
79:06
Next, number 6 - "I'm reading". Makeย  it negative. What will it become? I'mย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 6๋ฒˆ - "์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”". ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”? ๋‚˜๋Š”
79:19
not reading, and in this case, that's the onlyย  form that we can make it negative. Alright. ย 
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์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
79:30
Now, the questions. So, right now, it'sย  just a sentence. Let's see how we can makeย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
79:36
it into a question. "They are buying a newย  car." Make it a question, it's really easy.ย ย 
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. "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
79:46
Got it? Yes, just move these around. Are theyย  buying a new car? And of course, the first wordย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์–ด์š”? ๋„ค, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
79:54
will be capitalized, and the second word will not.ย  "She is doing her homework." Make it a question,ย ย 
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๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค." ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒŒ
80:04
what is it? The same thing. Is she doing herย  homework? Good. And if you're writing it,ย ย 
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๋ญ์ฃ ? ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ. ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์ข‹์€. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด,
80:13
again, it would be capital for the firstย  letter and then not capital after that.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒซ ๊ธ€์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:20
"We are leaving at 8:00." Makeย  it a question - same thing.ย ย 
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"8์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
80:30
Are we leaving at 8:00? And of course, at theย  end of each of these, we would have a questionย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 8์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
80:36
mark if you're writing it down. So, how did youย  do? Hope everything is going well, and I'm sureย ย 
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. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ์–ด์š”? ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆœ์กฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
80:42
it is. Let's look at a little bit more. Now, let's look at some common mistakesย ย 
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. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
80:47
that are made with the present continuousย  tense, and you can help me correct them.ย ย 
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.
80:54
The first kind of mistake - sometimesย  the verb "to be" is missing. For example,ย ย 
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ - ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be'๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ:
81:02
"My brother watching the news". So, what didย  that student need to say? What did that personย ย 
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"๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ". ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฌด์Šจ
81:09
want to say? What's missing? The verbย  "to be"? So, we have to say "My brotherย ย 
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๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? '๋˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ์ด
81:19
is watching the news", okay? Remember,ย  we have the subject, the verb "to be",ย ย 
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๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ฃผ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ 'to be',
81:25
and then the verb + ing. Sometimes, the sameย  thing can happen but in a negative sentence.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ + ing๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
81:32
For example, this person wrote "Johnย  not helping". How can we correct that?ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "John not help"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
81:41
"John" - the easy way to correct it is toย  say "John is not helping" or you can alwaysย ย 
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"John" - ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ "John is not help"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ธ์ œ๋“ ์ง€
81:49
contract it and say "John's not helping". Okay?ย  Or we can say "John isn't helping". Alright. ย 
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์ถ•์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ "John's not help"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜๋Š” "John is not help"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
82:02
Sometimes, the verb "to be" is missing inย  a question. Instead of saying "She going?",ย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
82:10
what's wrong there? What shouldย  we be saying? We should be sayingย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
82:19
"Is she going?". Is she going, right? Again,ย  we needed that verb "to be". We can't have thisย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:27
tense without the verb "to be", right? That'sย  why we looked at it so many times, so makeย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ "to be" ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
82:33
sure that you don't forget it. Next, sometimesย  the verb "to be" is there, but it's incorrect.ย ย 
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์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
82:40
There's an incorrect form of it being used.ย  For example, this person wrote "Bob and Mariaย ย 
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "๋ฐฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€
82:47
is driving home". That's not right. They haveย  the verb "to be" but it's not in the right formย ย 
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์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” 'to be'๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '
82:54
because "Bob and Maria" is like "they",ย  right, so it should be "Bob and Mariaย ย 
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Bob and Maria'๋Š” 'they'์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:04
are driving home", okay? And here,ย  this person wrote "He ain't studying."ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด '๊ณต๋ถ€ ์•ˆ ํ•ด์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:12
Now, "ain't" is actually slang. You might hear itย  a lot in songs or in music or in movies, okay, butย ย 
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์ด์ œ "ain't"๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…, ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
83:22
in academic English, in correct grammar, it'sย  not acceptable, so if you're doing an exam orย ย 
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ํ•™์ˆ  ์˜์–ด, ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์—์„œ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
83:28
if you're writing a paper for university or ifย  you're trying to impress a client, it's probablyย ย 
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ
83:34
not such a good idea to use it. Instead of that,ย  you should use the correct version which is what?ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฒ„์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:40
"He isn't studying", okay? That doesn't mean youย  can never use slang, you can certainly use slangย ย 
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
83:49
with your friends or casually whenever youย  want to, but just be aware - what is slang,ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์บ์ฃผ์–ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์†์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€,
83:54
and what is not slang. Next, sometimes the verb,ย ย 
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์†์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋™์‚ฌ,
84:01
the main verb, not the verb "to be", but the verbย  in the sentence is used incorrectly. For example,ย ย 
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋™์‚ฌ "to be"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
84:09
this person wrote "She is do herย  homework". How can we fix that? "She isย ย 
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "She is do her homework"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
84:19
doing her homework". And this one wrote "Theย  game is start now". It should be "The game isย ย 
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์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "The game is start now"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ฒŒ์ž„์€
84:32
starting now", okay? There we go, good. See,ย  I'm sure you can find these now yourself, right?ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด์ œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
84:42
And that's the way. Now you've learned, youย  know the rules, you're able to apply the words,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ , ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:47
whether you're reading something or whetherย  you're looking at something or whether you'reย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ , ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ ,
84:52
writing it yourself or whether you'reย  speaking, it will come out right. ย 
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์ง์ ‘ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋“ , ๋งํ•˜๋“ , ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
84:57
Next, sometimes mistakes are made in spelling. Forย  example, there are several mistakes here. "She'sย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
85:05
lieing" but this should be what? Not lie, lying.ย  This was one of those verbs also, "She's siting",ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด" ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ "She's siting"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
85:16
but it's consonant, vowel, consonant, so we needย  to double the last letter, sitting, and here,ย ย 
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์ž์Œ, ๋ชจ์Œ, ์ž์Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธ€์ž์ธ siting์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ
85:26
"writeing", ends with an E, the verb "write", soย  we need to get rid of that E, okay? So be carefulย ย 
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"writeing"์€ E๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ "write"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ E๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
85:35
of those spelling changes that we talked about.ย  Also, here's a spelling mistake. This person wroteย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ• ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งž์ถค๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
85:41
"Were going to the mall." That's what theyย  wanted to say, but what's missing here? Theย ย 
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"์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋น ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
85:51
apostrophe, good. So, that goes rightย  here, okay? Instead of "We are" it becameย ย 
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์•„ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? "We are" ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
86:00
"We're". "We're going to the mall". Okay? Next, sometimes people forget, and they use aย ย 
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"We're"๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์•ผ". ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
86:07
stative verb anyway in this tense and they mightย  say something like "I am needing some water.",ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ "I am need some water."์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:15
but can we say that? No. In correct English, youย  cannot say that, because "need" is one of thoseย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 'ํ•„์š”'๋Š” ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
86:21
stated verbs. So, you'd need to change that andย  just say "I need some water". The same here,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  "๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:30
"I'm wanting to visit Hawaii". No, "want" isย  another stated verb, so we just say, "I wantย ย 
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"ํ•˜์™€์ด์— ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”". ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, "want"๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‹œ ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "I want
86:39
to visit Hawaii", okay? And last of all, rememberย  what I told you, what we talked about earlier,ย ย 
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to visit Hawaii"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ „์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
86:47
that we don't and should not be using thisย  tense to talk about permanent situations.ย ย 
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:52
So, for example, somebody asked thisย  person "What does your company do?"ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ "๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
86:57
and he said, "We are manufacturing cars."ย  But that's not right, because it's notย ย 
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:04
something they do just temporarily, itย  takes a lot of work and organizationย ย 
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์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
87:10
to do this work, so it should be not "We areย  manufacturing cars.", but just "We manufactureย ย 
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
87:22
cars.", okay? So, in that case, using the presentย  continuous tense would be incorrect. You justย ย 
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."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
87:28
needed there - the other present simple tense. So,ย  these are some of the common mistakes, and I thinkย ย 
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
87:34
you see that once you know the rules, the rulesย  actually make it easier for you. They free you toย ย 
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๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
87:40
speak and communicate more correctly. So, we've covered a lot in this class.ย ย 
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๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
87:46
Let's review now, just one last time. Youย  know this tense when you can make, what?ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ ์•Œ์ง€, ๋ญ?
87:53
A positive sentence, a negative sentence, and aย  question. For example: "David is making coffee."ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ. ์˜ˆ: "David๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
88:01
A positive. "David is not making coffee." Aย  negative sentence. "Is David making coffee?"ย ย 
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๊ธ์ •์  ์ธ. "David๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ. "David๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
88:10
A question, or to add question words to that, forย  example, "When is David making coffee?" "Why isย ย 
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์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€( ์˜ˆ: "David๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜์š”?") "
88:18
David making coffee?", and so on. Okay? So, whatย  can you do from here? To practice this tense,ย ย 
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David๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?" ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด
88:26
try to think of examples in your own life. Talkย  to yourself as you're going through your day.ย ย 
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜ผ์žฃ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
88:31
What are you doing at that moment? I'm wakingย  up, I'm brushing my teeth, I'm taking a shower,ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
88:38
I'm having breakfast, there are so many thingsย  that you can say as you're walking around. Youย ย 
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์•„์นจ์„ ๋จน๊ณ , ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
88:44
don't have to say them aloud, you can also sayย  them in your mind, okay, but try to use the tenseย ย 
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ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์šด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
88:50
that you've learned so well right now, okay? Now, when you feel that you know this tense, thenย ย 
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. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ด์ œ ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉด
88:56
you can go on to the next lesson in this series,ย  because this is a series of the verb tenses.ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:04
Next, after that, you can also practice aย  little bit more, if you wish, by taking a quizย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ www.engvid.com์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
89:11
on www.engvid.com . Thanks very much forย  watching, and all the best with your English. ย 
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. ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
89:17
In this lesson, you will learn the differenceย  between the present simple tense and the presentย ย 
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ
89:22
continuous tense, which is also called theย  present progressive tense. In other words,ย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
89:29
you'll learn the difference betweenย  saying "I work" or "I am working". So,ย ย 
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"I work" ๋˜๋Š” "I am working"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
89:35
this lesson is part of a series created by engVidย  to help you learn all of the English verb tenses.ย ย 
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์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด engVid์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
89:42
Now, I have created lessons on each of theseย  tenses separately, and maybe you have alreadyย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์…จ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
89:50
watched them, and now you're watching this, whichย  is great, or you can watch this lesson and thenย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
89:56
you can go on and watch the other separate lessonsย  so that you can go into more detail if you wish.ย ย 
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
90:04
So, both of these tenses are basic tenses.ย  However, they don't exist in all languages,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ,
90:11
and maybe they don't exist in your language,ย  so pay a little more attention and as you do,ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ œ์˜
90:17
you will understand easily the differences betweenย  these tenses. So, shall we begin? Let's go! ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค!
90:27
So, the present simple tenseย  sounds like this: I work.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I work.
90:35
The present continuous tense sounds like this: Iย  am working. So, what's the very basic difference?ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. I am working. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
90:45
The basic difference is that "I am working"ย  talks about something that's happening right now,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ "I am working"์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
90:52
or something temporary that happens forย  a short time. "I work", present simple,ย ย 
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. "I work"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ,
91:00
talks about something that's true in general, orย  something more permanent, something that lastsย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ,
91:06
for a long time. That's the very basic difference,ย  but we're going to be looking at all of the reallyย ย 
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
91:13
specific differences between these two tenses. Butย  first, let's see, what does this tense even lookย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
91:20
like? What does it sound like? Let's see that. So, with present simple,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์•ผ? ๋ณด์ž. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š”
91:26
we basically take the subject + the verb.ย  In this case, our sample verb is "work". So,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "work"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
91:36
it would sound like this - you can say it after meย  if you like. It's good to repeat things out loud,ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:43
helps you to feel more comfortable and get usedย  to using it yourself. So, we would say: I work.ย ย 
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๋” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
91:53
You work. We work. They work. But here we have aย  difference: He works. We have to add an "s" there.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— "s"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:07
She works. It works, okay? Again, onceย  you've studied this tense in detail,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด
92:15
you'll know all of these changes perfectly,ย  but I'm just giving you an overall view. Whenย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:23
it becomes negative, it becomes "He doesย  not work.", or, if it becomes a question,ย ย 
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์Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ , ์˜๋ฌธ๋ฌธ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
92:32
it would say "Does he work?", alright? So,ย  that's the basis of the present simple. ย 
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:40
Now, let's look at present continuous.ย  Now here, what happens? We have a subject:ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ž, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”? ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
92:46
I, he, you, they, etc., + the verb "to be", weย  need that helping verb here, + our basic verb,ย ย 
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I, he, you, they ๋“ฑ + "to be" ๋™์‚ฌ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
92:56
which in this case is "work", + "-ing", so it'sย  a little bit longer because we have that helpingย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 'work', + '-ing' ,
93:04
verb in the middle, plus we have "-ing" at theย  end, okay? So, how does this sound? I am working.ย ย 
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์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋์— "-ing"์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
93:14
You are working. We are working. They are working.ย  He is working. She is working. And, it is working,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ž‘์—…. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑ”๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:29
alright? So, that's the basic positive form of it.ย  The negative form would be just to add a "not".ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” "not"์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:40
"You are not working". He is not working. And ifย  we shorten that, it becomes "He isn't working".ย ย 
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"๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค„์—ฌ์„œ '๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค'๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
93:49
And if we make it into aย  question, change the order,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ
93:52
we would say "Is he working?" Are you working?ย  Are they working? And so on, okay? So,ย ย 
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"Is he is working?"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ์–ด? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
94:00
that's the basic structure of the two tenses, andย  next we will be looking at when to use them. ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:06
So, we use these two tenses in differentย  ways. Let's understand now what they are.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
94:14
So, in the present simple, we would say, forย  example, "I live in this building". This is myย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "I live in this building"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด
94:21
permanent residence. This is where I liveย  all the time. So, we use present simple:ย ย 
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์˜์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
94:27
"I live". In present continuous, weย  might say "I am staying at a hotel."ย ย 
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"I live". ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” 'I am stay at a hotel'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:35
This is something temporary. It's not all theย  time, it's only for some time. So, here, we haveย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ž ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
94:44
"I am staying", which is present continuous,ย  here we have "I live", which is present simple.ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ "I am stay"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ธ "I live"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
94:52
Permanent, temporary. Next, we could say "Heย  plays the guitar." This is true in general.ย ย 
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:01
It means he knows how to play theย  guitar. He plays. Present simple.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์น  ์ค„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
95:09
Here, we could say "He is playing theย  guitar." That means he's doing that right now.ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:16
He is playing now. As soon as we say, "He isย  playing", even if we don't use the word "now",ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "He is play"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž "now"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
95:24
this tense already means that it's happeningย  right now, okay? So, he plays in general,ย ย 
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์ด ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผ
95:33
but he is playing the guitarย  means it's happening right now.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
95:38
Another example, "We watch the news at 9:00pm."ย  "We watch", okay? This is to talk about a routine,ย ย 
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” "์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 9์‹œ์— ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋‹ค", ์•Œ์•˜์ง€?
95:49
every day we watch the news at 9:00pm.ย  Alright? So that's to describe a routine,ย ย 
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๋งค์ผ ์ €๋… 9์‹œ์— ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฃจํ‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ์ผ์ƒ,
95:56
something that happens regularly. Or, we could sayย  here "We are watching the news." "We are watching"ย ย 
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 'We are looking the news'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š”
96:06
means what? In this case again, it's happeningย  right now, okay? We're watching the news, callย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:15
us later, we're just watching the news, happeningย  now. But, every day, we watch the news at 9:00,ย ย 
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งค์ผ 9์‹œ์— ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:22
okay? So that's a routine, that'sย  again something that's happening now.ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:26
See the difference? Let's look at another one.ย  "The sun sets in the west." "The sun sets",ย ย 
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์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ง„๋‹ค." "ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„๋‹ค",
96:35
okay? The sun rises in the morning, the sunย  sets in the evening. This is just a fact,ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์•„์นจ์— ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ณ  ์ €๋…์— ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:42
okay? So, we use present simple to talkย  about facts. But, here, we could say "Look,ย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” "๋ด,
96:50
how beautiful, the sun is setting! The skyย  is all orange and pink and lovely colors".ย ย 
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด์ง€, ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด! ํ•˜๋Š˜์€ ์˜จํ†ต ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ™์ƒ‰์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ƒ‰์ด์•ผ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
96:57
So, this means the sun "is setting" means it'sย  happening right now, alright? So here, it was aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ด "์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
97:06
fact, the sun sets in the west, it's just a fact,ย  and here, it's happening now. So, these are theย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์„œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
97:13
first few differences between these two tenses. Now, here are some more differences. In presentย ย 
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์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š”
97:20
simple, we would say "The price rises everyย  year." This is something that happens in general.ย ย 
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ "๋งค๋…„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:28
In present continuous, we might say "Theย  price is rising this year." This is a trend,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” " ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:36
this is the general direction in which thingsย  are changing, so here, the price "is rising"ย ย 
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ '์ƒ์Šน'
97:44
this year, but the price "rises everyย  year", okay? This is present simple.ย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ '๋งค๋…„ ์ƒ์Šน 'ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
97:53
Next, suppose we want to talk about a habit.ย  We might say "She always takes the bus."ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:01
She always takes - but here, we might sayย  "She is always complaining about the bus."ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์Šน์ฐจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:10
So, when you're talking about a negativeย  habit, then we can use present continuous,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
98:19
but if you're just talking about a regularย  habit, then you would use present simple.ย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:26
Alright? Next, we could say, in presentย  simple, "The flight leaves at 7:00pm."ย ย 
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ "The ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:35
Now, why do we use present simple for that?ย  Because it's a regularly scheduled event,ย ย 
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์ž, ์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ •๊ธฐ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
98:40
right? The flight leaves at 7:00pm, that'sย  the schedule. It always leaves at 7:00pm.ย ย 
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๋งž์ฃ ? ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ €๋… 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
98:48
But in present continuous, we might say "Theย  flight is leaving." The flight is leavingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” "The ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์€(๋Š”)
98:55
means what? The flight is leaving right now,ย  okay? And we know that because we have "isย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋– ๋‚˜๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
99:02
leaving". Here, we had just "leaves". Okay. Andย  now here's something where both of these tensesย ย 
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ"๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋‘ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€
99:13
can actually be used for the same purpose, butย  in different ways, with different language.ย ย 
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:20
So, we could say, for example, even though thisย  is the present simple, and even though this isย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด
99:26
the present continuous, until now we have beenย  talking about present uses, but let's look at thisย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
99:33
example, this is different. "The flight leaves atย  7:00pm tomorrow." What, Rebecca, really? Leaves,ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ญ์•ผ, ๋ ˆ๋ฒ ์นด, ์ •๋ง? ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ,
99:42
present simple, and tomorrow? Yes, we couldย  say that, and we do say that sometimes. Why?ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ˆœ ์„ ๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ? ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ? ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ •๋œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
99:50
Because it's kind of connected with this oneย  because it's a regularly scheduled event, right?ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
99:58
Then we could use it to talk about tomorrow, okay?ย  And sometimes we do. So, we could say "The flightย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด์ผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€, ์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Š”
100:06
leaves at 7:00pm tomorrow." and it's kind ofย  connected to this idea of the schedule, alright?ย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์™€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ?
100:14
But similarly, you could also say "The flight isย  leaving at 7:00pm tomorrow." Again, you're saying,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ "The flight is 7:00pm tomorrow."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
100:23
"Rebecca, really, this is present continuous,ย  why are we using it to talk about the future?"ย ย 
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"Rebecca, ์ •๋ง ์ด๊ฑด ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ธ๋ฐ, ์™œ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?"
100:29
Because we can! It has a special use whereย  we can say - use present continuous to talkย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—! ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
100:37
about something in the future but you have to sayย  something like tomorrow, next week, next Monday,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด์ผ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ, ๋‹ค์Œ ์›”์š”์ผ,
100:46
next year. You have to give the time, becauseย  if you say, "The flight is leaving at 7:00pm.",ย ย 
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๋‚ด๋…„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
100:51
what does it mean? It's leaving right now. Butย  - or, a little bit in the future - but if we sayย ย 
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ - ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ - ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
100:59
the flight is leaving at 7:00pm tomorrow, thenย  we know for certain it's in the future and yes,ย ย 
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜คํ›„ 7์‹œ์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
101:05
we can also use present continuous along withย  a few other ways to talk about the future. ย 
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
101:11
There's one other really important differenceย  between the present simple tense and the presentย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ
101:17
continuous tense, and that has to do with theย  kind of verbs we can use with each tense. So,ย ย 
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์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
101:25
one way to divide verbs in English is to seeย  whether it's an action verb or whether it's aย ย 
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์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™์ž‘๋™์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€
101:31
stative verb. An action verb is something thatย  has action. For example, run or jump, or singย ย 
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์ƒํƒœ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋›ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋›ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜
101:41
and dance, read and write. These are all actionย  verbs. And action verbs, we can use in the presentย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ณ  ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
101:49
simple tense and we can also use them in theย  present continuous tense. For example, I could sayย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
101:56
"She runs", as in, she runs every day, or "Sheย  is running", like she's running right now, butย ย 
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๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "She runs"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ "She is running"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
102:07
stative verbs are different. Stativeย  verbs describe a state or condition.ย ย 
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์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:15
It could be a mental state, it could be anย  emotional state, it could talk about possession,ย ย 
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์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
102:21
it could talk about certain senses, and there is aย  list of stative verbs which you need to learn whenย ย 
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ํŠน์ • ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
102:29
you're studying English grammar, because most ofย  the time, we cannot use the stative verbs in theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
102:38
continuous tenses. But, with the present simple,ย  you can use all the verbs. You can use the actionย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ž‘ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
102:46
verbs and you can use stative verbs, no problem,ย  alright? So, for example, we can definitely sayย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
102:54
"He knows them." or "We like them.", knowingย  being something mental, and like being somethingย ย 
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'๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด.", ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
103:04
emotional, alright? So, with present simple, useย  any verb you like. With present continuous, beย ย 
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, ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
103:11
careful, definitely you can use the action words,ย  but if you are not sure about the stative verbs,ย ย 
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์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋™์ž‘์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒํƒœ๋™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
103:17
avoid them. As a general rule,ย  be careful of using any stativeย ย 
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ํ”ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
103:22
verbs with the present continuous tense.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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