Prepositions in English - 'at', 'on', 'in'

1,194,636 views ใƒป 2008-11-02

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, my name is Rebecca, and today I'm going to be speaking to you about grammar, a point
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฎๅๅ‰ใฏใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏๆ–‡ๆณ•ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:09
that many students do have trouble with, which is prepositions.
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ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒ่‹ฆๆ‰‹ใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚
00:14
These little words can sometimes be very confusing, and the reason for that is because usually
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅฐใ•ใชๅ˜่ชžใฏ้žๅธธใซ็ด›ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ—ใ„ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใใฎ็†็”ฑใฏใ€้€šๅธธ
00:20
in different languages, prepositions are used differently.
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ใ€็•ฐใชใ‚‹่จ€่ชžใงใฏๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใฎไฝฟ็”จๆ–นๆณ•ใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:24
So if you're having trouble with it, first of all, don't feel bad because many students
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใพใš็ฌฌไธ€ใซใ€ๅคšใใฎๅญฆ็”ŸใŒๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใซ้žๅธธใซๅคšใใฎๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ๆ‚ชใใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
00:31
have lots and lots of problems with prepositions.
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ใ€‚
00:33
It doesn't mean you can't learn them, you can.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:36
There are some that operate by rules, and there are some where you kind of have to learn
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ใƒซใƒผใƒซใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆๅ‹•ไฝœใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Œใฐใ€่กจ็พใ‚’ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:40
the expressions by heart, but with enough practice you can definitely learn the right
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ใŒใ€ๅๅˆ†ใช็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ€ๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’็ขบๅฎŸใซๅญฆใถใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
00:45
prepositions.
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ใ€‚
00:46
Today I'm going to be speaking about three little words, three prepositions that occur
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ไปŠๆ—ฅ
00:52
quite often in the English language, and these are "at", "on", and "in".
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ใฏใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ€ใ€Œinใ€ใซใคใ„ใฆใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:59
Now "at", "on", and "in" can be used to refer to time or place.
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็พๅœจใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใ€ใŠใ‚ˆใณใ€Œinใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ๆ™‚้–“ใพใŸใฏๅ ดๆ‰€ใ‚’ๅ‚็…งใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:05
In this example, in this video, we're going to be speaking about how these words are used
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ใ“ใฎไพ‹ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜่ชžใŒๆ™‚้–“ใซ้–ข้€ฃใ—ใฆใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™
01:10
in relation to time, okay?
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ใญใ€‚
01:13
So let's start with the first one, "at".
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใฎใ€Œใงใ€ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:16
"At" is very specific when we're talking about a very specific period of time.
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้žๅธธใซ็‰นๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:22
For example, "at 12.30", "at 5 o'clock", "at 3.45", it's a very specific period of time.
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ12 ๆ™‚ 30 ๅˆ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ5 ๆ™‚ใ€ใ€ใ€Œ3 ๆ™‚ 45 ๅˆ†ใ€ใชใฉใ€้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใชๆœŸ้–“ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:35
You could also use this preposition to say "at midnight" or "at noon" because again, those
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ใ“ใฎๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œ็œŸๅคœไธญใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œๆญฃๅˆใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใ
01:42
are very specific periods of time, okay?
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ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:46
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
01:48
The second one is a little bit wider than "at", not as specific, but not very broad.
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2 ็•ช็›ฎใฎใ‚‚ใฎใฏใ€Œatใ€ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅบƒใใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใปใฉๅบƒใใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
01:54
So, we use "on" for something that represents one day or one date.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€1 ๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏ 1 ใคใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใ‚’่กจใ™ใ‚‚ใฎใซใฏใ€Œonใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:02
For example, we can say "on Saturday", "on Mondays".
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€ŒๅœŸๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ใ€ใ€Œๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:08
You can say "on Mondays", for example, "My yoga class meets on Mondays."
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ใ€Œๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฎใƒจใ‚ฌใฎใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚นใฏๆœˆๆ›œๆ—ฅใซ้–‹ๅ‚ฌใ•ใ‚Œใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:15
That's how we use that, but it still represents one word in essence, one day, I'm sorry, in
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ใใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใŒใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใŒใ€ใใ‚Œใงใ‚‚ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซใฏ1ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ—ฅใ€ใ”ใ‚ใ‚“ใชใ•ใ„ใ€ๆœฌ่ณช็š„ใซ่กจใ—ใฆใ„
02:21
essence.
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ใพใ™.
02:22
Alright.
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ๅคงไธˆๅคซใ€‚
02:23
You can also use this for a particular holiday.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎไผ‘ๆ—ฅใซใ‚‚ไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:26
"We are going to meet on New Year's Day" or "on a particular date", you could say "We're
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"We are going to meet on New Year's Day" ใพใŸใฏ "on a specific date" ใฏใ€"We're
02:39
going to meet on December 5th".
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going to meet on December 5th" ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
02:42
So, to review, "at" is very specific, a particular period of time, "at 12.30", "on" is a little
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œatใ€ใฏ้žๅธธใซๅ…ทไฝ“็š„ใงใ€็‰นๅฎšใฎๆœŸ้–“ใ€ใ€Œat 12.30ใ€ใ€ใ€Œonใ€ใฏ
02:51
bit wider, for one day or one date, "on Monday", "on January 25th", right?
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ๅฐ‘ใ—ๅบƒใใ€1 ๆ—ฅใพใŸใฏ 1 ใคใฎๆ—ฅไป˜ใ€ใ€Œon Mondayใ€ใ€ใ€Œon January 25thใ€ใ€ ๅณ๏ผŸ
02:59
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:00
And now, we come to the last one, which is "in".
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œinใ€ใซ่กŒใ็€ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
03:05
"In" covers the widest period of time, so in a sense, if you're unsure, you should probably
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"in" ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅบƒใ„ๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ๅน…ๅบƒใ„ใ‚ชใƒ—ใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’ใ‚ซใƒใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€่ฟทใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’้ธๆŠžใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œ
03:13
choose this one because this would cover the widest range of options, but I prefer if you
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ใพใ›
03:19
do study and learn the right ones so that you can actually be using the perfectly correct
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ใ‚“ใŒใ€้ฉๅˆ‡ใชใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใฆ็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ—ใŸๆ–นใŒ่‰ฏใ„ใฎใงใ€ ๅฎŒๅ…จใซๆญฃใ—ใ„ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ‚’ๅฎŸ้š›ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™
03:24
preposition.
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ใ€‚
03:25
So, let's look at "in".
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ใงใฏใ€ใ€Œไธญใ€ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:27
"In" we can use before months, seasons, years, decades, or periods of time.
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"in" ใฏใ€ๆœˆใ€ๅญฃ็ฏ€ใ€ๅนดใ€ๆ•ฐๅๅนดใ€ๆœŸ้–“ใฎๅ‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
03:36
For example, you could say, "I was born in September", "I was born in the summer", "I
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏ 9 ๆœˆใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏๅคใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œ
03:45
was born in 1995", well, not me, perhaps you, "He was born in the 1960s", or "This happened
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็งใฏ 1995 ๅนดใซ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œ
03:55
during the Middle Ages".
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ใฏไธญไธ–ใซ่ตทใ“ใฃใŸใ€.
03:58
These are all examples of how you can use the preposition "in" to represent different
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆใ€ๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใ€Œinใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆœŸ้–“ใ‚’่กจใ™ๆ–นๆณ•ใฎไพ‹
04:04
periods of time, okay?
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ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:06
So, I hope I've been able to shed some light on how we use these three small but significant
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ 3 ใคใฎๅฐใ•ใ„ใชใŒใ‚‰ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชๅ‰็ฝฎ่ฉžใŒ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซไฝฟ็”จใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆใ€ใ‚ใ‚‹็จ‹ๅบฆ็†่งฃใงใใŸใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
04:12
prepositions in the English language.
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ใ€‚
04:15
Good luck with your English.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžใง้ ‘ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
04:16
Bye.
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ใ•ใ‚ˆใชใ‚‰ใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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