English Grammar: Using PRESENT PERFECT Tense with 'NEVER'

291,393 views ใƒป 2015-11-30

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid. In this lesson, you're going to start using the present perfect
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใง ใฏใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†
00:06
tense right away in an easy way. Now, a lot of students get a little bit scared of using
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ๅฝขใ‚’ใ™ใใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฝฟใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€ๅคšใ ใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใฎใ‚’ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆ€–ใŒใ‚Š
00:13
the present perfect tense, but you don't have to be, especially after this lesson. I think
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ใพใ™ ใŒใ€็‰นใซใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎๅพŒใฏใ€ใใฎๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:18
you'll find an easy way to use it, and a reason to use it. Okay?
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็ฐกๅ˜ใชไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใจใ€ไฝฟใ†็†็”ฑใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:23
So, first of all, just very quickly: What's the present perfect tense?
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใพใšๆœ€ๅˆใซใ€้žๅธธใซ ็ฐกๅ˜ใซ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๆ™‚ๅˆถใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹?
00:28
It sounds like this.
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ใ“ใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:30
It sounds like: "I have skated." or "I have flown." Right? So, what does that
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ€ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็ง ใฏ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใงใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ
00:38
mean? When I say: "I have skated many times in my life." it means that at some time in
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏไบบ็”Ÿใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใจใ ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปใฎใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚็‚น
00:44
the past, I did something and it's still true today. Okay? So just as we can talk about
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ใง็งใŒไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่กŒใ„ใ€ใใ‚ŒใŒไปŠๆ—ฅใงใ‚‚็œŸๅฎŸใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ— ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไบบ็”Ÿใง่กŒใฃใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
00:52
things that we have done in our lives... For example: "I have seen that movie.",
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... ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ€ใ€
00:59
"I have read that book." Correct?
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ใ€Œ็งใฏใใฎๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ  ใ€ใชใฉใงใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ„๏ผŸ
01:01
The same way, you can also talk about what you have never done,
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ๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒ ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฎใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
01:07
because I'm sure that there are some things that you've never done, just like there are
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01:12
some things I've never done. So, we can use the present perfect to describe these actions
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ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ทใƒงใƒณใ‚’่ชฌๆ˜Žใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ
01:20
as well. So, I'll show you what I mean? Okay? There are many good examples on the board.
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ใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใฏ็งใŒไฝ•ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’ใŠ่ฆ‹ใ›ใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใƒœใƒผใƒ‰ใซใฏๅคšใใฎ่‰ฏใ„ไพ‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
01:25
So, let's look at this. So, for example, with that sentence that I gave you at the beginning:
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ ๆœ€ๅˆใซ่จ€ใฃใŸ
01:31
"I have skated many times in my life." Now, actually, that's not true. I have never skated,
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ใ€Œ็งใฏไบบ็”Ÿใงไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ ๅฎŸใฏใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
01:39
okay? Even though I live in Canada, I have never skated. So, that is how we can use the
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ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏใ‚ซใƒŠใƒ€ใซไฝใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€
01:49
present perfect tense with the word "never". So, "skated" is a regular verb. Regular verb
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ใ€Œneverใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใง็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ€Œskatedใ€ใฏ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใชๅ‹•่ฉž
01:57
means that in the past tense we add a "d" or an "ed".
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ใฏใ€้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถ ใงใ€Œdใ€ใพใŸใฏใ€Œedใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:03
"Flown" is an irregular verb,
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ใ€ŒFlownใ€ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉž
02:06
so when we use it with the present perfect, we use the past participle. There's usually
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ใชใฎใงใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใง ไฝฟใ†ใจใใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅˆ†่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ้€šๅธธ
02:12
like a third form, there's a long list, you kind of have to learn by heart, when you're
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ใฏ 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎๅฝขๅผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€้•ทใ„ใƒชใ‚นใƒˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:17
in school, when you're learning the present perfect, and you can practice it here because
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ๅญฆๆ กใซ้€šใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใ€็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใ‚’ๅญฆ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใใฏใ€ๆš—่จ˜ใ™ใ‚‹ ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Š
02:21
you'll see many examples that I've written for you on the board.
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใŒ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ“ใง็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็งใŒ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใŸใ‚ใซๆŽฒ็คบๆฟใซๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
02:24
So, here, we put the word "never" just before this last verb. Okay? So: "I have never skated.",
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซใ€Œneverใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็ฝฎใ ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ€Œ็งใฏใ‚นใ‚ฑใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€
02:35
"I have never flown." Okay? What do I mean by "flown"? So, for example, flown by airli-...
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ้ฃ›ใ‚“ใ ใ€ใจใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ‹? ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€airli-... ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใง้ฃ›ใ‚“ใงใ„
02:40
By air. That's not true. In my case, I have travelled. But there are many people in the
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ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็œŸๅฎŸใงใฏใชใ„ใ€‚ ็งใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€็งใฏ ๆ—…่กŒใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€
02:45
world who have never had a chance to travel by air, so they... That person could say:
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ไธ–็•Œใซใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใงๆ—…่กŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆฉŸไผšใŒใชใ‹ใฃใŸ ไบบใŒใŸใใ•ใ‚“ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ..
02:49
"I have never flown by air." Okay? All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:53
So, let's look at many examples so you'll understand how to say something like this.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ๅคšใใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
03:00
So, here I've got all the subjects, here we have the word "never", and here we have many
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ใ“ใ“ใซใ™ในใฆใฎไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ ใ€Œneverใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅคšใใฎ
03:07
regular verbs, and here, many irregular verbs. So let's make a lot of different sentences
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่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ“ใซๅคšใใฎไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
03:13
so you can hear the pattern of this type of sentence, as well as understanding the grammar
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ใ€ใ“ใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒ—ใฎๆ–‡ใฎใƒ‘ใ‚ฟใƒผใƒณใ‚’่žใๅ–ใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ•ใพใ–ใพใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“ไฝœใฃใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡
03:19
of it. So, here we have the subject: "I've". What is "I've"? "I've" is short for "I have".
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ใ†ใ€‚ ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใซไธป่ชžใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผšใ€ŒI'veใ€ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏใ€ใจใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใ€ŒI'veใ€ใฏใ€ŒI haveใ€ใฎ็•ฅใงใ™ใ€‚
03:28
Right? But when we are speaking in conversational English,
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€็งใŸใกใŒ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใง่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ ใ€้€šๅธธใ€
03:33
usually we don't say: "I have never flown."
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ใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใซไน—ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใจใฏ่จ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
03:36
or "I have never eaten..." No. We just say: "I've". Okay? So that's a contraction.
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ใพใŸใฏใ€Œ็งใฏ้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“...ใ€ใ„ใ„ใˆ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚ŒใŒๅŽ็ธฎใงใ™ใ€‚
03:42
All of these are contractions that we use in regular conversational English.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏใ™ในใฆ ใ€้€šๅธธใฎ่‹ฑไผš่ฉฑใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
03:47
So, let's make some sentences, now. "I've never visited China." Okay? So, here, we had
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœๆˆใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ€Œ็งใฏ ไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใ“ใงใฏ
03:56
the subject, the word "never", the verb, regular verb, past tense form, and some more information.
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ใ€ไธป่ชžใ€ใ€Œneverใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ€ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€่ฆๅ‰‡ ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ€ใใฎไป–ใฎๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒๅพ—ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
04:03
Right? "I've never visited China.", "You've never talked to him before.",
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ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œ็งใฏไธญๅ›ฝใ‚’่จชใ‚ŒใŸ ใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€
04:10
"So why are you talking to him now?" somebody might say. Okay.
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ใ€ŒใชใœไปŠๅฝผใจ่ฉฑใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
04:15
"We've never tried Korean food.",
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏ ้Ÿ“ๅ›ฝๆ–™็†ใ‚’้ฃŸในใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€
04:20
"They've never played so well."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใซไธŠๆ‰‹ใซ้Šใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ ใƒใƒผใƒ ใ€ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใƒใƒผใƒ 
04:24
Let's say you're talking about a team, a sports team. Okay?
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ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:28
"He's never worked so much.",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๅƒใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€
04:33
"She's never lived alone." Okay? I'm going to give you this last one
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏไธ€ไบบๆšฎใ‚‰ใ—ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ“ใฎๆœ€ๅพŒใฎ 1 ใคใ‚’ใ™ใใซๅทฎใ—ไธŠใ’ใพใ™
04:39
in a... In a few minutes.
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... ๆ•ฐๅˆ†ๅพŒใซใ€‚
04:41
Let's take some of this... These examples, here. These are with irregular verbs. Right?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†... ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎไพ‹ใฏใ€ ใ“ใ“ใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ
04:47
"I've never felt so happy.",
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚“ใชใซๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸ
04:51
"You've never heard their music.",
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ใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ้Ÿณๆฅฝ
04:55
"We've never eaten there before."
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ใ‚’่žใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใง้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใฏใชใ„ ใ€ใ€‚
04:58
There, probably a restaurant. Right? "They've never seen that movie.",
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ใ‚ใใ“ใ€ใŠใใ‚‰ใใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใ€‚ ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใฎๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
05:04
"He's never slept so late.",
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏใ“ใ‚“ใชใซ้…ใใพใงๅฏใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ใ€
05:08
"She's never written to me before." Okay?
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ใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ“ใ‚Œ ใพใง็งใซๆ‰‹็ด™ใ‚’ๆ›ธใ„ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:12
So, you see that with all of these subjects, we can use
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ ไธป้กŒใงใ€
05:15
the word "never" very easily. All right? You're using present
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ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’้žๅธธใซ็ฐกๅ˜ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™. ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝข
05:19
perfect, you're using "never" to talk about something that not at one time in your life
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ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œๆฑบใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใ€ไบบ็”Ÿใงไธ€ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ‚„ใฃใŸใ“ใจใŒใชใ„ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑ ใ—ใฆ
05:24
have you done before.
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ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:26
So let's see how to use it now with "It's". Okay? What kind of sentences can we make with
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ŒIt'sใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใŸไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใฉใ‚“ใชๆ–‡ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Œ
05:31
that? Let's say, for example: "It's never rained so heavily." Now, sometimes we use
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ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคง้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ ใ•ใฆใ€็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚ใ€…
05:38
the word "before". Okay? Or you can just say: "It's never rained so heavily. Wow. Look at...
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ใ€Œๅ‰ใซใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใพใŸใฏใ€ๅ˜ใซใ“ใ†่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚‚ ใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:43
Look at the weather, it's never rained so heavily." Or: "It's never rained so heavily before."
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ใพใŸใฏ: ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๅคง้›จใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
05:49
It means in all the time in the past till now. That's present perfect. It's always
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้ŽๅŽปใ‹ใ‚‰็พๅœจใพใงใšใฃใจใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณ ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใใ‚Œใฏ็พๅœจๅฎŒไบ†ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
05:56
talking about all the time in the past, including now. Or:
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ไปŠใ‚‚ๅซใ‚ใฆใ€ใšใฃใจๆ˜”ใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏ๏ผš
06:01
"It's never snowed so hard." Okay?
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉๆฟ€ใ—ใ้›ชใŒ้™ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:05
So, here's one example. Another example:
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ใงใฏใ€ไธ€ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹:
06:08
"It's never taken me so long to drive home." for example.
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ใ€Œ่ปŠใงๅฎถใซๅธฐใ‚‹ใฎใซใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ้•ทใ„ๆ™‚้–“ใฏใ‹ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ€‚ใ€ ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€‚
06:14
That's an irregular verb, here, "taken". Or, as you can say, I hope you'll say:
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏไธ่ฆๅ‰‡ๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€Œtakenใ€ใงใ™ใ€‚ ใพใŸใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ่จ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€ใ€Œ่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ๅญฆใถ
06:20
"It's never been so easy to learn English." Okay?
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ใฎใŒใ“ใ‚Œใปใฉ็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใฃใŸใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐๅนธใ„ใงใ™ ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:25
So, if you'd like to practice this, please go to our website: www.engvid.com.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆ ใฏใ€ๅฝ“็คพใฎ Web ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ (www.engvid.com) ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:33
There, you can do a quiz on this and many other topics in English.
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ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎ ใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚„ไป–ใฎๅคšใใฎใƒˆใƒ”ใƒƒใ‚ฏใซใคใ„ใฆ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’่กŒใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
06:37
And also, if you would like to get regular lessons to improve your English much faster,
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ใพใŸ ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใจๆ—ฉใไธŠ้”ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใชใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
06:43
subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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ใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:44
Okay? Thanks for watching. Bye for now.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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