English Grammar: Using PRESENT PERFECT Tense with 'NEVER'

291,415 views ใƒป 2015-11-30

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid. In this lesson, you're going to start using the present perfect
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์•ˆ๋…•. ์ €๋Š” engVid์˜ Rebecca์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:06
tense right away in an easy way. Now, a lot of students get a little bit scared of using
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. ์ด์ œ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด
00:13
the present perfect tense, but you don't have to be, especially after this lesson. I think
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
you'll find an easy way to use it, and a reason to use it. Okay?
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
00:23
So, first of all, just very quickly: What's the present perfect tense?
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์šฐ์„ , ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ: ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
00:28
It sounds like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
It sounds like: "I have skated." or "I have flown." Right? So, what does that
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ”์–ด." ๋˜๋Š” "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค." ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„
00:38
mean? When I say: "I have skated many times in my life." it means that at some time in
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์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ : "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—
00:44
the past, I did something and it's still true today. Okay? So just as we can talk about
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
00:52
things that we have done in our lives... For example: "I have seen that movie.",
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... ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด : "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด.",
00:59
"I have read that book." Correct?
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์–ด." ์˜ณ์€?
01:01
The same way, you can also talk about what you have never done,
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
01:07
because I'm sure that there are some things that you've never done, just like there are
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ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„
01:12
some things I've never done. So, we can use the present perfect to describe these actions
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ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:20
as well. So, I'll show you what I mean? Okay? There are many good examples on the board.
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„๊นŒ์š”? ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋ณด๋“œ์— ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So, let's look at this. So, for example, with that sentence that I gave you at the beginning:
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ
01:31
"I have skated many times in my life." Now, actually, that's not true. I have never skated,
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚œ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด,
01:39
okay? Even though I live in Canada, I have never skated. So, that is how we can use the
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์•Œ์•˜์ง€? ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:49
present perfect tense with the word "never". So, "skated" is a regular verb. Regular verb
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"never"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "skated"๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:57
means that in the past tense we add a "d" or an "ed".
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์— "d" ๋˜๋Š” "ed"๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
"Flown" is an irregular verb,
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"Flown"์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ
02:06
so when we use it with the present perfect, we use the past participle. There's usually
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ 
02:12
like a third form, there's a long list, you kind of have to learn by heart, when you're
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์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
in school, when you're learning the present perfect, and you can practice it here because
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์•”๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
you'll see many examples that I've written for you on the board.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์น ํŒ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
So, here, we put the word "never" just before this last verb. Okay? So: "I have never skated.",
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— "never"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ : "๋‚˜๋Š” ์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด.",
02:35
"I have never flown." Okay? What do I mean by "flown"? So, for example, flown by airli-...
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด." ์ข‹์•„์š”? "๋น„ํ–‰"์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด airli-... ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋น„ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:40
By air. That's not true. In my case, I have travelled. But there are many people in the
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. ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ. ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋‹ค๋…€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:45
world who have never had a chance to travel by air, so they... That person could say:
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€... ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
02:49
"I have never flown by air." Okay? All right.
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€.
02:53
So, let's look at many examples so you'll understand how to say something like this.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
So, here I've got all the subjects, here we have the word "never", and here we have many
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” "never"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€
03:07
regular verbs, and here, many irregular verbs. So let's make a lot of different sentences
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์ •๊ทœ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
03:13
so you can hear the pattern of this type of sentence, as well as understanding the grammar
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
03:19
of it. So, here we have the subject: "I've". What is "I've"? "I've" is short for "I have".
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "I've". "I've"๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "I've"๋Š” "I have"์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
Right? But when we are speaking in conversational English,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ฒด ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
03:33
usually we don't say: "I have never flown."
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๋ณดํ†ต "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
or "I have never eaten..." No. We just say: "I've". Okay? So that's a contraction.
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๋˜๋Š” "I have never eat..." ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ "I've"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
All of these are contractions that we use in regular conversational English.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ํšŒํ™”์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ•์•ฝํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
So, let's make some sentences, now. "I've never visited China." Okay? So, here, we had
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ์–ด,
03:56
the subject, the word "never", the verb, regular verb, past tense form, and some more information.
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"never"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด, ๋™์‚ฌ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
Right? "I've never visited China.", "You've never talked to him before.",
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.", "๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค.", "
04:10
"So why are you talking to him now?" somebody might say. Okay.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š๋ƒ ?" ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”.
04:15
"We've never tried Korean food.",
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.", "
04:20
"They've never played so well."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ๋…ธ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:24
Let's say you're talking about a team, a sports team. Okay?
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ํŒ€, ์Šคํฌ์ธ  ํŒ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
04:28
"He's never worked so much.",
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"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.",
04:33
"She's never lived alone." Okay? I'm going to give you this last one
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”? ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค„๊ฒŒ..
04:39
in a... In a few minutes.
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ์•ˆ์—.
04:41
Let's take some of this... These examples, here. These are with irregular verbs. Right?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค... ์ด ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
04:47
"I've never felt so happy.",
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"์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.", "
04:51
"You've never heard their music.",
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .", "
04:55
"We've never eaten there before."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
04:58
There, probably a restaurant. Right? "They've never seen that movie.",
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ, ์•„๋งˆ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "
05:04
"He's never slept so late.",
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ž ์„ ์ž” ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.", "
05:08
"She's never written to me before." Okay?
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ „์— ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ด ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
05:12
So, you see that with all of these subjects, we can use
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ
05:15
the word "never" very easily. All right? You're using present
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"์ ˆ๋Œ€"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ
05:19
perfect, you're using "never" to talk about something that not at one time in your life
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "never"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:24
have you done before.
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.
05:26
So let's see how to use it now with "It's". Okay? What kind of sentences can we make with
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ "It's"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
05:31
that? Let's say, for example: "It's never rained so heavily." Now, sometimes we use
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? ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
05:38
the word "before". Okay? Or you can just say: "It's never rained so heavily. Wow. Look at...
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"์ด์ „"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”? ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์•ผ. ์™€. ๋ด๋ด...
05:43
Look at the weather, it's never rained so heavily." Or: "It's never rained so heavily before."
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๋‚ ์”จ ์ข€ ๋ด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ ์€ ์—†์–ด." ๋˜๋Š”: "์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:49
It means in all the time in the past till now. That's present perfect. It's always
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ
05:56
talking about all the time in the past, including now. Or:
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์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋˜๋Š” :
06:01
"It's never snowed so hard." Okay?
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"๋ˆˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:05
So, here's one example. Another example:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ:
06:08
"It's never taken me so long to drive home." for example.
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"์ง‘๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ." ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด.
06:14
That's an irregular verb, here, "taken". Or, as you can say, I hope you'll say:
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” "taken"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
06:20
"It's never been so easy to learn English." Okay?
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"์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
06:25
So, if you'd like to practice this, please go to our website: www.engvid.com.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ www.engvid.com์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:33
There, you can do a quiz on this and many other topics in English.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
And also, if you would like to get regular lessons to improve your English much faster,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:43
subscribe to my YouTube channel.
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์ œ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:44
Okay? Thanks for watching. Bye for now.
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์ข‹์•„์š”? ์‹œ์ฒญ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋…•.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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