Basic English Grammar - Past Tense Questions

577,353 views ใƒป 2011-08-22

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ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi, I'm Rebecca from www.engvid.com and today we're going to have a grammar lesson on one
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ใ“ใ‚“ใซใกใฏใ€็งใฏ www.engvid.com ใฎ Rebecca ใงใ™ใ€‚ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏ
00:12
of the most common tenses where people make mistakes and that is the simple past tense.
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใŒ้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชๆ™‚ๅˆถใฎ 1 ใค ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใซใคใ„ใฆๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่กŒใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:19
I know there are a lot of tenses in English and it's not always easy to keep track of
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่‹ฑ่ชžใซใฏๅคšใใฎๆ™‚ๅˆถใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’่ฟฝ่ทกใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏๅฟ…ใšใ—ใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใงใฏใชใ„ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:25
them, but surprisingly the simple past tense is the tense that we use most often.
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ใŒใ€้ฉšใในใใ“ใจใซใ€ ็งใŸใกใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚้ ป็นใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ๅˆถใฏๅ˜็ด”้ŽๅŽปๆ™‚ๅˆถใงใ™ใ€‚
00:33
Usually we don't talk about what's happening now or what's going to happen in the future.
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้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ็พๅœจไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ€ๅฐ†ๆฅไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
00:39
Usually we talk about what somebody did.
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้€šๅธธใ€็งใŸใกใฏ ่ชฐใ‹ใŒใ—ใŸใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:42
So you use the past tense much more often than you actually realize.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ่ช่ญ˜ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚ใฏใ‚‹ใ‹ใซ้ ป็นใซ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
00:48
Now when you use the past tense, of course, there are three ways in which you'll be using
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ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ ใฏใ€3้€šใ‚Šใฎไฝฟใ„ๆ–นใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:53
it, right?
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ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
00:54
You use it in a positive sentence, you use it in a negative sentence, and you use it
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่‚ฏๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จ ใ—ใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ€็–‘ๅ•ๆ–‡ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™
01:00
in a question.
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ใ€‚ ไปŠๆ—ฅ
01:01
So let's go over this because the focus of our lesson today is specifically on how to
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ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใฎ็„ฆ็‚นใฏใ€็‰นใซ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใฎ่ณชๅ•ใฎไป•ๆ–นใซใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆ่€ƒใˆใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:07
ask questions in the past tense because what I have realized is that most students have
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็งใŒๆฐ—ใฅใ„ใŸใ“ใจใฏใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎ็”Ÿๅพ’ใฏ
01:14
more difficulty with the questions than with any other aspect of English.
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ใ€่‹ฑ่ชžใฎไป–ใฎใฉใฎๅด้ขใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ‚‚่ณชๅ•ใซ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™.
01:20
So let's focus just on that, okay?
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ใงใฏใ€ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใซ็„ฆ็‚นใ‚’ๅฝ“ใฆใพใ—ใ‚‡ ใ†ใ€‚
01:23
So let's start with an example.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ไพ‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:25
The example is he worked yesterday, right?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:31
He worked yesterday, past tense sentence, correct?
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:36
It's a positive sentence.
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่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:37
Now let's take this sentence, he worked yesterday, and make it negative.
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
01:43
What would it be?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:45
He didn't work yesterday, correct?
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ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
01:50
He didn't work yesterday, didn't, of course, is a contraction for the words did not.
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He did not work ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใ€didn't ใ‚‚ใกใ‚ใ‚“ใ€ didn't ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใฎ็Ÿญ็ธฎๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚ ใงใฏใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅๅ‹‰ๅผท
01:58
Now let's come to what we are going to be studying today, which is the question form
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ใ™ใ‚‹ๅ†…ๅฎนใซ็งปใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€
02:03
of that sentence.
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ใใฎๆ–‡ใฎ็–‘ๅ•ๅฝขใงใ™ใ€‚
02:05
So what would be the question form?
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ใงใฏ ใ€่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใฏใฉใ†ใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ€‚
02:07
If the positive sentence is he worked yesterday, the negative sentence is he didn't work yesterday,
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่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใŒๅฝผใŒๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใŸ ใ€ๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใŒๅฝผใŒๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸๅ ดๅˆ
02:16
the question will be this one, did he work yesterday, right?
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ใ€่ณชๅ•ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
02:23
Now what happens is that many students have a problem with the word did.
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ใ“ใ“ใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจใ€ๅคšใใฎ ๅญฆ็”ŸใŒใ€Œdidใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใซๅ•้กŒใ‚’ๆŠฑใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:30
They either forget to use it or they are using it in the wrong way and then what happens
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‹ใ€้–“้•ใฃใŸๆ–นๆณ•ใงไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎใฉใกใ‚‰ใ‹ใง ใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ใใฎๅพŒ
02:35
is that people start saying things like you worked yesterday, he worked yesterday, he
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ใ€ไบบใ€…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅๅƒใ„ใŸใ€ๅฝผ
02:41
didn't work and all kinds of combinations, when actually all you have to do is remember
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ใฏๅƒใ‹ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็จฎ้กžใฎ็ต„ใฟๅˆใ‚ใ›ใชใฉใ‚’่จ€ใ„ๅง‹ใ‚ ใพใ™ใ€‚ to do ใฏใ€did ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„
02:48
to use the word did, did is really important in the past tense because without did it's
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ใ€‚did ใฏ้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใง้žๅธธใซ้‡่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใœใชใ‚‰ใ€did ใชใ—ใงใฏๆญฃใ—ใ
02:54
really hard to ask any questions correctly.
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่ณชๅ•ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้žๅธธใซ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใงใ™ใ€‚
02:57
So you need to use the word did, then you put the subject and last you put the verb
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€did ใจใ„ใ†ๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใ€ๆฌกใซ ไธป่ชžใ‚’็ฝฎใใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉž
03:03
in the base form, the base form means the regular form of the verb, alright?
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ใ‚’ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใซ็ฝฎใใพใ™ใ€‚ ๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡็š„ใชๅฝขใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
03:10
So we have did he work yesterday, right?
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๅฝผใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
03:15
You can see that the verb has come back, we don't say did he worked, we don't say he worked,
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒๆˆปใฃใฆใ
03:21
we say did he work, alright?
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ใŸใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
03:25
Let's take another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:27
So let's take another sentence first and run it through all three forms.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ๆœ€ๅˆใซๅˆฅใฎๆ–‡ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚ŠไธŠใ’ ใฆใ€3 ใคใฎๅฝขๅผใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๅฎŸ่กŒใ—ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:32
So the sentence was, let's take you went to the party yesterday, you went to the party
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ใใ‚Œใงใ€ๆ–‡ใฏใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๆ˜จๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใฃใŸใจใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๆ˜จๆ—ฅใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ—ใŸ
03:41
yesterday, how will you make it negative?
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ใ€ ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใซใ—ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
03:45
You didn't go to the party and the question is did you go, alright, did you go?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚่ณชๅ• ใฏใ€่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€่กŒใใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
03:55
Let's take another one.
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๅ–ใ‚Šใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
03:57
She finished her homework, negative, she didn't finish her homework, question, did she finish
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใงใ™ใ€ๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€่ณชๅ•ใ€
04:08
her homework?
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
04:09
Ok?
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Ok๏ผŸ
04:10
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
04:11
Let's take another example.
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ๅˆฅใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
04:13
They cleaned the room, they cleaned the room is the positive sentence, what's the negative
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸ ใฏ่‚ฏๅฎšๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใฎๅฆๅฎšๆ–‡ใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
04:21
of that, they didn't clean the room and the question form will be did they clean the room,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ ่ณชๅ•ๅฝขๅผใฏใ€ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ้ƒจๅฑ‹ใ‚’ๆŽƒ้™คใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
04:29
right?
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ใ‹?
04:30
Did they clean, alright?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใซใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
04:33
So that's the most important thing that you need to remember that it's really quite simple
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใง่ณชๅ• ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚็ฐกๅ˜ใ ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒ
04:38
to ask questions in the past tense, however if you are forgetting to use the word did
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ใ€did ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆ
04:43
then most likely you are making a mistake.
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ใฏใ€้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒ้ซ˜ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:47
So just put this word in and it will make things a lot easier.
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ใ“ใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ€ ็‰ฉไบ‹ใŒใšใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:51
Now the other thing I wanted to point out to you is that all the words you see here
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ใ‚‚ใ†ไธ€ใคๆŒ‡ๆ‘˜ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎ ใฏใ€ใ“ใ“ใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ™ในใฆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ“ใฎๆง‹็ฏ‰ใฎ
04:59
can be used before this construction.
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ๅ‰ใซไฝฟ็”จใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ ใ€‚
05:03
So you could say what did you do yesterday or where did you go yesterday, when did you
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ๆ˜จๆ—ฅไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€ ๆ˜จๆ—ฅใฉใ“ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ใ„ใค่กŒใฃใŸ
05:13
go, how did you go, who did you go with, how much did you pay, how long did you stay, alright?
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ใ‹ใ€ใฉใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่กŒใฃใŸใ‹ใ€่ชฐใจ่กŒใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ ใ„ใใ‚‰ๆ‰•ใฃใŸใ‹ใ€ใฉใ‚Œใใ‚‰ใ„ๆปžๅœจใ—ใŸใ‹ใ‚’่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:28
So what do you see with all of these question words, you are putting them in this position
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ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ่ณชๅ•่ชžใงไฝ•ใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ๅ‰ ใซใ“ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’้…็ฝฎ
05:34
before did and the rest of the sentence stays exactly the same, the rest of the question.
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ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Šใ€ๆ–‡ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใฏ ใพใฃใŸใๅŒใ˜ใพใพใงใ™ใ€‚่ณชๅ•ใฎๆฎ‹ใ‚Šใฎ้ƒจๅˆ†ใงใ™ใ€‚
05:43
So you can put these conveniently right before the word did.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆ ใ€ๅ˜่ชžใฎ็›ดๅ‰ใซไพฟๅˆฉใซ้…็ฝฎใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
05:48
The same with certain expressions that we use, what color, what color dress did you
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็งใŸใกใŒไฝฟใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹็‰นๅฎšใฎ่กจ็พใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚‚ๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใŒ ใ€ไฝ•่‰ฒใ€ไฝ•่‰ฒใฎใƒ‰ใƒฌใ‚น
05:56
buy, ok?
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ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹?
05:58
So what color did you buy or what size did you buy, what kind of book do you like, what
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ไฝ•่‰ฒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใ€ใฉใ‚“ใชๆœฌใŒๅฅฝใใ€ไฝ•
06:10
flavor ice cream did you buy, alright?
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ๅ‘ณใฎใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’่ฒทใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‹๏ผŸ
06:14
So you see that not only do the question words go before did but also these kind of expressions
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็–‘ๅ•่ฉž ใŒๅ‰ใซๅ‡บใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
06:22
like what color, what size, what flavor, ok?
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ใ€ไฝ•่‰ฒใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ ใ€ไฝ•ๅ‘ณใชใฉใฎ่กจ็พใ‚‚ๅซใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
06:27
And as long as you are doing that with the word did then you are asking questions correctly
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใŒๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆใใ‚Œใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹้™ใ‚Šใ€ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
06:33
in the past tense, alright?
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้ŽๅŽปๅฝขใงๆญฃใ—ใ่ณชๅ•ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ? ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ
06:35
I hope I made it a little bit easier for you to understand this but if you'd like to have
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ๅฐ‘ใ—็ฐกๅ˜ใซใชใฃใŸใ“ใจใ‚’้ก˜ใฃใฆ
06:41
a little more practice which is always helpful, please visit our website www.engvid.com and
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ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ๅธธใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใค็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ ๅฝ“็คพใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆ www.engvid.com ใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:49
there you'll find a quiz where you can practice this a lot until you get it right, ok?
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ใใ“ใซใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ๆญฃใ—ใ็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใพใงใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“็ทด็ฟ’ใงใใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
06:55
So all the best with that and bye for now, thanks for watching.
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ใ”่ฆง ใ„ใŸใ ใใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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