No more mistakes with MODALS! 3 Easy Rules

5,638,476 views ใƒป 2017-11-02

Learn English with Rebecca


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ ็ฟป่จณใ•ใ‚ŒใŸๅญ—ๅน•ใฏๆฉŸๆขฐ็ฟป่จณใงใ™ใ€‚

00:00
Hi. I'm Rebecca from engVid.
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ใ‚„ใ‚ใ€‚ engVid ใฎใƒฌใƒ™ใƒƒใ‚ซใงใ™ใ€‚
00:02
In this lesson you'll learn how to use modal verbs properly, and how to avoid making the
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใงใฏใ€ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’้ฉๅˆ‡ใซไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ• ใจใ€
00:08
most common mistakes that students sometimes make when using these special helping verbs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็‰นๅˆฅใชๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็”Ÿๅพ’ใŒๆ™‚ใ€…็Šฏใ™ๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ๅญฆใณใพใ™ใ€‚
00:14
Now, even though modal verbs doesn't sound that exciting, when you see what they are
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใฏใใ‚Œใปใฉใ‚จใ‚ญใ‚ตใ‚คใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒณใ‚ฐใซ่žใ“ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใŒไฝ•ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹
00:20
you'll realize that we use these verbs all the time, and so you need to know how to use
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ใจใ€็งใŸใกใŒใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅธธใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซๆฐ—ไป˜ใใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆญฃใ—ใไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’็Ÿฅใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:26
them correctly. Right? Okay.
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. ๅณ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
00:29
So, let's look at what modal verbs are.
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ใใ‚Œใงใฏใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
00:31
So, these are words that express different kinds of things.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏ ใ•ใพใ–ใพใช็จฎ้กžใฎใ“ใจใ‚’่กจใ™่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
00:37
For example, they might express ability, possibility, permission, obligation. Okay?
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€่ƒฝๅŠ›ใ€ ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ€่จฑๅฏใ€็พฉๅ‹™ใ‚’่กจใ™ๅ ดๅˆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
00:46
And some other things like that.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชไป–ใฎใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎใ“ใจใ€‚
00:50
And they behave differently from regular verbs, and that's why they're sometimes a little
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ใพใŸใ€้€šๅธธใฎๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏๅ‹•ไฝœใŒ็•ฐใชใ‚‹ ใŸใ‚ใ€ๅฐ‘ใ—ๆททไนฑใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:55
bit confusing.
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ใ€‚
00:57
But let's look at some examples of what modal verbs are.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏไฝ•ใ‹ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใ„ใใคใ‹่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
01:01
"Can", "could", "may", "might", "should", "ought to", "must", "have to", "will", "shall",
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ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€ŒใงใใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€
01:16
and "would". Okay?
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ใ€ใ€Œใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:18
These are the most common ones.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใ€‚
01:19
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
01:21
So, I'm going to give you now three basic rules that you can follow to avoid most of
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ใใ“ใงใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใง้€šๅธธ็Šฏใ—ใŒใกใช้–“้•ใ„ใฎ ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ€ๅพ“ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ 3 ใคใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซใ‚’
01:26
the mistakes that are usually made with the modal verbs. Okay?
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็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:30
So, first of all, make sure to use the modal verb as is.
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ใใฎใŸใ‚ใ€ใพใš ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ใใฎใพใพไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:35
That means don't change it in the present, or the past, or the future.
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ใคใพใ‚Šใ€ ็พๅœจใ€้ŽๅŽปใ€ใพใŸใฏๆœชๆฅใงใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
01:42
For example, we can say: "He can swim."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆณณใใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚
01:47
This is a correct sentence.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆญฃใ—ใ„ๆ–‡ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:49
It would be wrong to say: "He cans swim."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏๆณณใ’ใ‚‹ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใฎใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
01:53
Because, here, the student put an extra "s" there.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฏใ€ๅญฆ็”Ÿ ใŒไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ใใ“ใซ็ฝฎใ„ใŸใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
01:57
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
01:58
And we don't need to change that modal verb ever.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ› ใ‚“ใ€‚
02:01
Okay? All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
02:04
Second, use the base form of the verb after a modal.
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ๆฌกใซ ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๅพŒใซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝขใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
02:10
Don't use "to".
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ใ€Œใซใ€ใฏไฝฟใ‚ใชใ„ใ€‚
02:12
What do I mean by that?
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ใใ‚Œใฏใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
02:13
For example, you should say: "He might join us."
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ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
02:18
Not: "He might to join us."
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ใชใ„: ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
02:22
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:23
This is a really common error, so make sure you don't make this one.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้žๅธธใซไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚จใƒฉใƒผใชใฎใงใ€ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’่กŒใ‚ใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:26
So don't use the full infinitive to join after a word like "might".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ "might" ใชใฉใฎๅ˜่ชžใฎๅพŒใซ็ตๅˆใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใชไธๅฎš่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:32
Just use the base form of the verb, which is: "join".
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŸบๆœฌๅฝข ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€Œ็ตๅˆใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
02:36
"He might join us.", "He could join us.", "He should join us.", "He must join us." and
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ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็งใŸใกใซๅŠ ใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใ ใ€.
02:42
so on, without "to".
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ใชใฉใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใชใ—ใงใ€‚
02:44
All right? Very good.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ใจใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
02:47
Now, the next point is if you need to, say, use the modal verb in the negative form, then
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ใ•ใฆใ€ๆฌกใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏใ€ใŸใจใˆใฐใ€ ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใงไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ ดๅˆใฏ
02:54
just use "not" after the modal.
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ใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใ™.
02:57
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
02:58
Don't add any extra words most the time; there's one little exception, I'll explain that to
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ไฝ™ๅˆ†ใชๅ˜่ชžใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ—ใŸไพ‹ๅค–ใŒ 1 ใคใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—
03:04
you, but for most of them, don't use words like: "don't", or "doesn't", or "isn't", "aren't",
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ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใชใฉใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ€ใ€
03:16
"wasn't", "won't".
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ใ€Œใ—ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
03:19
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:20
So, with most of these modal verbs just say "not".
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใฎใปใจใ‚“ใฉใงใฏใ€ ๅ˜ใซใ€Œnotใ€ใจ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:26
For example: "You should not smoke."
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ไพ‹๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
03:30
Not: "You don't should smoke."
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ๅฆๅฎš๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ‚ฟใƒใ‚ณใ‚’ๅธใ†ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
03:34
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:35
So, here the student knows and learned all these lovely words: "don't", "doesn't", "isn't",
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใ“ใงๅญฆ็”Ÿใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใฎ็ด ๆ•ตใช่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใฆๅญฆใณใพใ—ใŸ ๏ผšใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใฏใชใ„ใ€ใ€
03:41
"aren't", all that and try to use it when using the modal verb, but that's wrong.
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ใ€Œใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ™ในใฆใ‚’ๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™ ใ€‚ ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
03:46
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
03:47
So, the only exception is with the verb...
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎไพ‹ๅค– ใฏๅ‹•่ฉžใงใ™
03:52
With the modal verb "have to", there if you want to make it negative, you need to say:
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... ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ€Œhave toใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ ๅฆๅฎšๅฝขใซใ—ใŸใ„ๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€
03:57
"You don't have to do this", okay?
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใฏใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:01
But with the other ones, we just say: "You cannot", "You could not", "You may not", "You
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไป–ใฎใ‚‚ใฎใซใคใ„ใฆใฏ ใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„
04:08
might not", "You should not", "You ought not to", okay?
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€ ใ€Œใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:13
So there you have to be careful where to place it.
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ใใฎ ใŸใ‚ใ€็ฝฎใๅ ดๆ‰€ใซใฏๆณจๆ„ใŒๅฟ…่ฆใงใ™ใ€‚
04:16
"You must not", this one I told you is an exception.
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ใ€Œใ—ใฆใฏใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ใ€ใจ็งใŒ ่จ€ใฃใŸใ“ใ‚Œใฏไพ‹ๅค–ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:19
"You will not", "You shall not", and "You would not".
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ— ใชใ„ใ€ใ€ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ—ใชใ„ใ€ใ€‚
04:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:25
And the other thing to keep in mind when you're using this word and "not", this is a really
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ ใ“ใฎๅ˜่ชžใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใฆใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ็•™ๆ„ใ™ในใใ‚‚ใ† 1 ใคใฎใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ
04:32
common mistake, so the important thing to remember: This actually becomes one word.
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ใ‚ˆใใ‚ใ‚‹้–“้•ใ„ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใ€่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใในใ้‡่ฆใชใ“ใจ ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ“ใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏ 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
04:44
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:45
Only in that case.
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ใใฎๅ ดๅˆใฎใฟใ€‚
04:46
You don't say...
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ‚ใชใ„...
04:47
You say: "cannot", but it's actually one word.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ่จ€ใ†๏ผšใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ ใใ‚ŒใฏๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏไธ€่จ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
04:50
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
04:51
Most of the time, almost always "not" is a separate word with all of the modal verbs.
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ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€ใปใจใ‚“ใฉใฎๅ ดๅˆใ€"not" ใฏ ใ™ในใฆใฎใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใจใฏๅˆฅใฎๅ˜่ชžใงใ™ใ€‚
04:57
But not with "can".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
04:58
With "can" it actually becomes one word: "I cannot arrive"-okay?-"on time", like that.
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ใ€Œใงใใพใ™ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ๅฎŸ้š›ใซใฏใ€Œ ๅˆฐ็€ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ€Œๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‹ใ€ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซใ€ใจใ„ใ† 1 ใคใฎๅ˜่ชžใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
05:04
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:05
So, now that you've got these basic rules and you've understood how it works, let's
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใชใƒซใƒผใƒซ ใ‚’็ฟ’ๅพ—ใ—ใ€ใใฎไป•็ต„ใฟใ‚’็†่งฃใ—ใŸใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ใฉใฎ็จ‹ๅบฆ็†่งฃใงใใŸ
05:11
do some practice to see how well you've understood.
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ใ‹ใ‚’็ขบ่ชใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใฎ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ ่กŒใ„ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
05:14
Okay, so let's get started with our exercises.
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ใงใฏใ€ๆผ”็ฟ’ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ใ€‚
05:17
Now, the rules are written at the top just in case you didn't remember them exactly.
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ๆญฃ็ขบใซ่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใชใ„ๅ ดๅˆใซๅ‚™ใˆใฆใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏไธ€็•ชไธŠใซๆ›ธใ‹ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:23
First one, remember use it as it is, don't change the modal verb.
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฎ 1 ใค ใฏใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซๅ‹•่ฉžใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใงใใฎใพใพไฝฟ็”จใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:28
Second one, use with the base verb.
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2 ใค็›ฎใฏ ใ€ๅŸบๆœฌๅ‹•่ฉžใจไธ€็ท’ใซไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:30
Don't use the full infinitive "to" something.
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใซๅฎŒๅ…จใช ไธๅฎš่ฉžใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
05:33
And the last one: Use "not" after the modals when it's negative.
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ๆœ€ๅพŒใซ: ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใŒ่ฒ ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๅพŒใซใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟ็”จใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:37
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
05:38
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:39
Try to keep those in mind, but most of all let's look at the actual examples and you
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ไฝ•ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
05:44
tell me what's wrong with them.
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ใ€‚ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ–‡
05:47
There is something wrong with each and every one of these sentences.
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ใฎใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใซไฝ•ใ‹ๅ•้กŒใŒใ‚ใ‚Š ใพใ™ใ€‚
05:51
Okay.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
05:52
Number one: "You must to finish your homework.
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1ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ ๅฎฟ้กŒ
05:57
You must to finish your homework."
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ใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ ใ€‚ใ€
05:59
What's wrong there?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:01
What did the person do wrong?
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ใใฎไบบใฏไฝ•ใ‚’้–“้•ใˆใพใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚
06:05
They added "to". All right?
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใ€Œใซใ€ใ‚’่ฟฝๅŠ ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:07
This was our second rule.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎ2็•ช็›ฎใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
06:09
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:10
You cannot use "to".
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ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏไฝฟใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
06:12
Just say: "You must finish your homework."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅฎฟ้กŒใ‚’็ต‚ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ›ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
06:14
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:15
That's it.
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ใใ‚ŒใงใŠใ—ใพใ„ใ€‚
06:16
Number two: "I don't can drive. I don't can drive."
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2็•ช็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œ็งใฏ้‹่ปขใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ ็งใฏ้‹่ปขใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:23
That's wrong.
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ใใ‚Œใฏ้–“้•ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
06:24
What should it be?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:31
"I cannot drive."
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"็งใฏ้‹่ปขใŒใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚"
06:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:35
That's what we said here in the third rule.
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใง 3 ็•ช็›ฎใฎ่ฆๅ‰‡ใง่ฟฐในใŸใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
06:37
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
06:38
That just use "not" when it's negative.
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ๅฆๅฎš็š„ใชใจใใฏใ€Œnotใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ ใ€‚
06:41
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
06:42
And remember with the word "cannot", it's one word.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ€Œใงใใชใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใŠใ„ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ใ€ใใ‚Œใฏ1ใคใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
06:46
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
06:47
Number three: "You should not to smoke.
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3ใค็›ฎ๏ผšใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸ ใฏๅ–ซ็…™
06:52
You should not to smoke."
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ใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
06:54
What's wrong there?
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ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
06:59
Okay, again, we want to take out this "to".
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ใ•ใฆใ€ใพใŸใ€ ใ“ใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:00
The sentence should be: "You should not smoke."
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ๆ–‡ใฏๆฌกใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใฏๅ–ซ็…™ใ™ในใใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
07:04
So, again, you don't want to use the "to".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒ ใ€ใ€Œtoใ€ใฏไฝฟใ„ใŸใใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
07:09
Just use the base form of the verb.
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ๅ‹•่ฉžใฎๅŽŸๅฝขใ‚’ใใฎใพใพไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
07:11
Don't use the full infinitive.
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ๅฎŒๅ…จใชไธๅฎš่ฉžใฏไฝฟ็”จใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
07:13
Okay, number four: "We not could call you.
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ใ‚ชใƒผใ‚ฑใƒผใ€4 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œ ้›ป่ฉฑใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:17
We not could call you", some people say, but it's not right.
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้›ป่ฉฑใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€ ใจ่จ€ใ†ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใใ†ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:21
What should it be?
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ใใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
07:30
"We could not call you."
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ใ€Œใ‚ใชใŸใซ้›ป่ฉฑใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
07:32
Remember?
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่ฆšใˆใฆ๏ผŸ
07:33
"not" goes after the modal.
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ใ€Œnotใ€ใฏใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใฎๅพŒใซ็ถšใใพใ™ใ€‚
07:36
Okay? Not anywhere else.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ไป–ใฎใฉใ“ใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
07:38
Next: "He mights go to sleep.
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ๆฌก๏ผšใ€Œๅฝผใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใ
07:41
He mights go to sleep."
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ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€‚ๅฝผใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€
07:43
It's not right.
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้–“้•ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
07:47
It should be: "He might go to sleep."
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ใใ‚Œใฏใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
07:49
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
07:50
This was our rule number one, here, at the top.
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎไธ€็•ชใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซ ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:53
And the rule was that we don't change anything.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใƒซใƒผใƒซใฏใ€ ไฝ•ใ‚‚ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ—ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚‚ใฎใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
07:56
Right?
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ๅณ๏ผŸ
07:57
We just say: "He might go to sleep."
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ใ€Œๅฝผ ใฏ็œ ใ‚Šใซใคใใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚
08:00
We never change the modal.
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ใƒขใƒผใƒ€ใƒซใ‚’ๅค‰ๆ›ดใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:02
Right.
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ๅณใ€‚
08:03
Next, number six: "They can to stay with us."
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ๆฌกใซใ€ใใฎ 6:ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ ใฏ็งใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
08:06
Somebody says very kindly: "They can to stay with us."
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่ชฐใ‹ใŒใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใซ่จ€ใ„ใพใ™๏ผš ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ็งใŸใกใจไธ€็ท’ใซใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™.ใ€
08:10
It's a very kind suggestion.
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ใจใฆใ‚‚่ฆชๅˆ‡ใชๆๆกˆใงใ™ใ€‚
08:12
It's not grammatically correct.
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ๆ–‡ๆณ•็š„ใซๆญฃใ—ใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:13
Let's make it correct.
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ๆญฃใ—ใใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
08:15
What do we need to take out?
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ™ๅฟ…่ฆใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
08:17
This, okay?
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ€ใ„ใ„๏ผŸ
08:21
It should be just: "They can stay.", "They can go.", "They can leave.", "They can come."
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ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏใจใฉใพใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ่กŒใใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๅŽปใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ€ใ€Œๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ€ใ ใ‘ใงใ‚ใ‚‹ในใใงใ™ใ€‚
08:27
Whatever.
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ใชใ‚“ใงใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ€‚
08:28
But no "to".
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใ€ใ€Œใธใ€ใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
08:29
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:30
So this was our rule number two.
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ใ—ใŸใŒใฃใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็งใŸใกใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใใฎ 2 ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚
08:33
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:34
All right.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใ€‚
08:35
Number seven: "We would not to arrive on time.
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7 ็•ช็›ฎ: ใ€Œ ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Š
08:40
We would not to arrive on time."
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ใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€
08:42
Again, you want to take out this "to".
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็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ—ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ใ“ใฎใ€Œtoใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใŸใ„ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
08:47
And the reason why this keeps happening is because this is the most common mistake.
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ใใ—ใฆใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚Š็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏ ใ€ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒๆœ€ใ‚‚ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใช้–“้•ใ„ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™.
08:52
All right?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
08:53
So that's why I have more of those here for you to review.
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ใใ†ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ€็งใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใŒใƒฌใƒ“ใƒฅใƒผใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใซใ“ใ“ใซใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅคšใใ‚’ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™.
08:55
"We would not arrive on time."
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ใ€Œ็งใŸใกใฏๆ™‚้–“้€šใ‚Šใซๅˆฐ็€ใ—ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ€
08:58
Good.
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่‰ฏใ„ใ€‚
08:59
And the last one: "She wills return soon.
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ใใ—ใฆๆœ€ๅพŒใฎใ€Œๅฝผๅฅณใฏ ใ™ใใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€‚
09:03
She wills return soon."
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ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใ™ใใซๆˆปใ‚‹ใ€ใ€‚
09:06
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:07
So what's wrong there?
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ใงใฏใ€ไฝ•ใŒๅ•้กŒใชใฎใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:08
The first rule up here, okay.
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ใ“ใ“ใงใฎๆœ€ๅˆใฎใƒซใƒผใƒซใ€ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
09:11
The rule says that the modal verb doesn't change, and here it did get changed, so we
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่ฆๅ‰‡ใงใฏๆณ•ๅŠฉๅ‹•่ฉžใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใชใ„ใจๆ›ธใ‹ ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ“ใ“ใงใฏๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆ
09:18
have to take out the "s", and then it will become: "She will return soon."
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ใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ใ€Œsใ€ใ‚’ๅ–ใ‚Š้™คใๅฟ…่ฆ ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ŒShe will return soon.ใ€ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
09:23
which is correct.
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ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ„ใ€‚
09:24
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:25
I know there are a few things to keep in mind, but the more you practice, the better you're
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ๅฟƒใซ็•™ใ‚ใฆใŠใในใใ“ใจใŒใ„ใใคใ‹ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ ็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐใ™ใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡
09:30
going to get at it.
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ใ†ใ€‚
09:31
So, please go to our website: www.engvid.com.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€็งใŸใกใฎ ใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใ‚ขใ‚ฏใ‚ปใ‚นใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„๏ผšwww.engvid.com.
09:35
There, you can do a quiz on this and you can also watch lots of other wonderful English
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ใใ“ใงใฏใ€ใ“ใ‚Œใซใคใ„ใฆใ‚ฏใ‚คใ‚บใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ€engVid ใงไป–ใฎ็ด ๆ™ดใ‚‰ใ—ใ„่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ใŸใใ•ใ‚“่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใงใใพใ™
09:42
lessons on engVid.
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ใ€‚
09:43
Okay?
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ
09:44
And if you enjoyed this lesson, please subscribe to my YouTube channel so you can get a regular
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ใ“ใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๆฅฝใ—ใ‚“ใง ใ„ใŸใ ใ‘ใŸใชใ‚‰ใ€ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่‹ฑ่ชžใฎใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ€็งใฎ YouTube ใƒใƒฃใƒณใƒใƒซใซ็™ป้Œฒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
09:49
dose of English lessons.
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ใ€‚
09:51
Okay? Thanks for watching. Bye for now.
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ใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸ๏ผŸ ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ‚Œใฆใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ€‚ ใพใŸใญใ€‚
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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