WHO vs. WHOM - What's the Difference? - English Grammar - When to Use Who or Whom

430,702 views ใƒป 2016-08-30

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:02
Hey there and welcome back to Learn English Lab. My name is Ganesh and this
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”, Learn English Lab์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Ganesh์ด๊ณ  ์ด
00:08
lesson is all about the difference between who and whom. This is something
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์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:13
that a lot of students find confusing - when to use who and when to use whom. In
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๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์ œ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
this lesson, I'll show you how to use these correctly. Before we begin,
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด
00:24
just remember that if you have any questions at all, just let me know in the
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์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
00:29
comments section below and I will talk to you there.
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์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:32
OK so let's start. Now who and whom are used in two places - they're used in
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ who์™€ who๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ
00:38
questions and they're used in relative clauses.
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์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:42
First we'll talk about questions and then we will come to relative
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๋จผ์ € ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:46
clauses. If you're not sure what that means, don't worry - I will explain it to
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:51
you when we get to that part. Now here's the rule with using who and whom - who is
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ who์™€ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. who๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹ 
00:58
used in the place of a subject and whom is used in the place of an object.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ who๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋Œ€์‹  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
What do I mean by that? Well take a look at this sentence "Bruce spoke to Betsy." In
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ? "Bruce๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:10
this sentence we say that Bruce is the subject because Bruce does the action
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Bruce๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
which is speak
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01:17
past tense - spoke. And Betsy is the object because Betsy receives the action. Now
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Betsy๋Š” ์•ก์…˜์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
01:26
some people might argue - is Betsy really the object because there's a 'to' which is a
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ธ 'to'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Betsy๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:31
preposition here but you don't have to worry about that. For the purpose of this
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:34
sentence we'll say that Bruce is the subject and Betsy is the object. Take a
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Bruce๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ  Betsy๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
look at these two questions over here - there's a blank there - "______ spoke to Betsy?"
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋นˆ์นธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Here we want to fill in this blank with either who or whom - which is correct?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:56
Well if you read the sentence you realize that we know someone spoke to
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ
02:00
Betsy but we don't know who that someone was. That is we're asking about the
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๋Š”
02:05
subject so the word for the subject is who
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๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
02:10
so
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02:11
"Who spoke to Betsy?" Now in the second sentence - of course you must be thinking we
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"๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ โ€“ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:20
have to use whom here right? You probably guessed that and that is correct but
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
02:25
before we get to that I'm just going to write 'who' over here - now read the
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
02:31
sentence "Who did Bruce speak to?" This is actually correct in speaking and in fact
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"Bruce๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
02:38
when we speak we don't commonly use 'whom.' In speech we almost always use 'who'
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ 'who'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
So this means if you are not sure whether to use who or whom just use who
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
02:52
and you will be OK. Alright but I'm going to take the 'who' off. So what about if you
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ '๋ˆ„๊ฐ€'๋ฅผ ๋นผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:05
want to write something formal or if you want to use proper grammatical form?
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๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํ˜•์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:13
Well in that case you need to know how to use whom correctly and in this
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
question - if you read it "_____ did Bruce speak to?" Here, we know that Bruce spoke to
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"____Bruce๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฝ์œผ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Bruce๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
03:24
someone but we want to ask who that someone was - that is we want to ask about
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:30
the object of the sentence. Remember Betsy? So because we want to ask about
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒณ์‹œ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋‚˜ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:36
the object we have to use whom over here. Before I write whom just notice that
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋์— 'to'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— who๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์—
03:42
there's a 'to' at the end of this question - now in English we have a rule
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- ์ด์ œ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
03:47
that we don't usually end a question with a preposition like to. These are all
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ to์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
03:54
prepositions - to, with, by, from, for etc. So if you have a
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. to, with, by, from, for ๋“ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋์— ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
04:00
a preposition at the end of a question you have to bring that to
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04:04
the beginning before you write whom.
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who๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So let's do that - I'm going to put a question mark there
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—
04:16
"To whom did Bruce speak?" That is actually the proper grammatical form of that
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"Bruce๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์  ํ˜•์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:25
question. So if you're writing something formal, this is how you should write it.
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
OK at this point I'm going to give you a very simple rule that you can use in
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ who ๋˜๋Š” who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
all situations to decide whether to use who or whom, and the rule is this - when
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๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
you're making a question, think about the answer to that question. If the answer
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๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ. ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด
04:47
can be him, her or them, then you use whom.
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๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
OK so if the answer can be him, her or them, you use 'whom.' So to this question
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ต์ด ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:07
"To whom did Bruce speak?", we can say Bruce spoke to him, Bruce spoke to her
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"Bruce๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Bruce๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ  Bruce๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:12
Bruce spoke to them. OK so if there's an 'm' in the answer then you put 'm' in
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Bruce๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— 'm'์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 'm'์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
the question- this is a my 'm-whom' rule. But let's go back to this first sentence
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚˜์˜ 'm-whom' ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:27
Here you cannot answer with him, her or them - if someone asks "Who spoke to Betsy?"
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
05:34
you cannot say him spoke to Betsy, her spoke to Betsy, them spoke to Betsy - that
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด Betsy์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
05:40
doesn't sound right. But here, you can say "He spoke to Betsy" or "She spoke Betsy" so
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์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” "He speak to Betsy" ๋˜๋Š” "She speak Betsy"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
05:46
If the answer can be he, she or they, that is, there's no 'm' in the answer
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด he, she ๋˜๋Š” they๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— 'm'์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด
05:57
there's no 'm' in the question. Alright, with this rule in mind, let's now do the
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 'm'์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์ด์ œ
06:03
next couple of questions and this time i want you to give me the correct question
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
06:08
word. Question number three is - "_____ broke the window?" Who or whom? Well, think about
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. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ "_____๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ ธ๋‚˜์š”?"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ? ์Œ, ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
06:16
the answer. Can you say "He broke the window" or "Him broke the window? "Him broke
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. "He break the window" ๋˜๋Š” "Him break the window"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? "Him
06:22
the window" doesn't sound right
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06:23
"He broke the window" is correct, so no 'm' - no whom
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06:28
so "Who broke the window?" is correct. Question number four
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break the window"๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ?"๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ
06:37
"_____ do you want to see?" OK the answer would be
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"_____ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋„ค ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
06:41
"I want to see" and then would you say he or him?
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"๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”"์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๊นŒ์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:46
"I want to see he" or "I want to see him"?
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"๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”" "
06:49
"I want to see him" is correct, so there's an 'm' in the answer. So we're going to put
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด"๊ฐ€ ๋งž์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— 'm'์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:54
an 'm' in the question. "Who do you want to see?" is the correct question. If you got
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์— 'm'์„ ๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?"๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฌธ. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
07:03
these right, then you can put the correct question word - who or whom - in any
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งžํ˜”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ - who ๋˜๋Š” who -๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
situation without a problem.
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07:12
Alright, so let's now take a quick look at some relative clauses. Relative
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์ด์ œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
clauses simply means that two or more sentences have been combined together.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
And to combine them together, we use who and whom. Take a look at this first
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” who์™€ Who๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
07:29
sentence - "Richard is visiting his parents _____ live in indiana." And here we would put
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š” - "Richard๋Š” ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” _____ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:36
who or whom.
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07:39
Well, first of all let's split this big sentence into the two smaller sentences
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๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ด ํฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ
07:45
or clauses.
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์ด๋‚˜ ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
The first is "Richard is visiting his parents." And the second is 'His parents
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” "Richard๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” '๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜
07:52
live in indiana." And we want to focus on the second sentence, so instead of "his
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์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
parents", can you say they or them?
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08:02
Can you say "They live in Indiana" or "Them live in Indiana"? "Them live in Indiana" is
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in Indiana"? "Them live in Indiana"๋Š”
08:07
wrong. "They live in Indiana" is correct so no 'm' - no whom. Simple. So, "Richard is
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ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. " They live in Indiana"๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 'm'์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "Richard๋Š”
08:17
visiting his parents who live in Indiana."
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์ธ๋””์• ๋‚˜์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
08:20
Just remember that this is not a question - this who just refers to his
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:24
parents.
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.
08:25
OK, in the second sentence, "Her friend _____ is a guitarist, taught her to
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ _____๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ
08:32
play the instrument." What are the two sentences here? The first sentence - "Her friend is a
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์•…๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ - "๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ
08:38
guitarist" and the second sentence - "Her friend taught her to play the instrument."
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๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ - "๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์•…๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:44
Here, we are interested in the first sentence - so in this gap, can you say "He
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ?
08:50
is a guitarist" or "Him is a guiatrist?" "He is a guitarist" is correct so
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" "๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋‹ค"๋Š”
08:56
once again - who. "Her friend, who is a guitarist, taught her to play the
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ •ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ. "๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ์•…๊ธฐ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:02
instrument."
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."
09:03
This next one is a little tricky.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
"Daphne, _____ you met last week, is my fiancรฉe." Can you split this into the two
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"Daphne, _____ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ์ œ ์•ฝํ˜ผ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
09:13
smaller clauses?
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?
09:15
Well the first clause actually does not start with Daphne. The first clause
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ Daphne์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์ด
09:22
starts here. "You met Daphne last week." And the second clause is "Daphne is my fiancรฉe."
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์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ์— ๋‹คํ”„๋„ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์ž–์•„." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐํ•ญ์€ "Daphne is my fiancรฉe."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Fiancรฉe means i'm going to marry Daphne. Not really - it's just for the purpose of
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Fiancรฉe๋Š” ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ Daphne๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:37
the sentence, of course. And here, we are interested in the first clause - "You met
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‹น์‹ ์€
09:44
Daphne" - Daphne is hidden over here - "last week." Here, can you say "You met she last
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Daphne์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" - Daphne์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค - "์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ". ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด
09:51
week" or "You met her last week"?
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" ๋˜๋Š” "์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
09:54
"You met her last week" is correct and if you remember, 'her' is like 'him' and 'them' so
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"You met her last week"๊ฐ€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด 'her'๋Š” 'him' ๋ฐ 'them'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
10:02
we can have an 'm' in the answer. That means we can have an 'm' in the question word. So
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์— 'm'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด์— 'm'์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
10:08
"Daphne, whom you met last week, is my fiancรฉe." And in the last example "The man
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"์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ์— ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋‹คํ”„๋„ค๋Š” ๋‚ด ์•ฝํ˜ผ์ž์•ผ." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ "The man
10:19
_____ Cody works for is a billionaire"
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_____ Cody works is a billionaire"
10:22
Can you now split this into the two smaller clauses? The first clause starts here -
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
"Cody works for a man." The second clause is "The man is a billionaire." Again, we're
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"Cody works for a man." ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์กฐํ•ญ์€ "๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž์ด๋‹ค."์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:38
interested in this clause - the first clause. So, "Cody works for a man" - can you
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์ด ์ ˆ, ์ฆ‰ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์ฝ”๋””๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค" -
10:44
say "Cody works for he" or "Cody works for
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"์ฝ”๋””๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "์ฝ”๋””๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค
10:47
him"? "Cody works for him" is correct so because we have an 'm' we need a 'whom'
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"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "Cody works for him"์ด ๋งž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'm'์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 'who'๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
"The man whom Cody works for is a billionaire." now let me remind you once again if you
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"Cody๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” ์–ต๋งŒ์žฅ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์ด์ œ
11:03
are not sure whether to use who or whom, just use who and you will be fine. Of
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
course if you use whom correctly then your language will sound more formal and
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๋ฌผ๋ก  who๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด๊ณ 
11:14
more grammatically correct and that's important especially in writing
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:19
Alright, now i'm going to give you a test to see if you can use who and whom
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. ์ด์ œ who์™€ who๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:24
correctly.
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.
11:25
OK on the screen there are six sentences with gaps in them and your job is to
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OK ํ™”๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:32
fill in the gap in each sentence with who or whom. Take a moment and pause this
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ who ๋˜๋Š” who๋กœ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž ์‹œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
11:39
video now if you need. Think about your answers and then I will give you the
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. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ
11:43
answers.
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๋‹ต์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Alright, let's discuss the answers. Number one - we can answer this question with he,
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‹ต์„ ํ† ๋ก ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ, ๊ทธ๋…€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:52
she or they. We can say "He is going to win the election" or "She is going to win
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
11:58
the election" so the correct question word is 'who'
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:03
Number two - we have relative clauses and we are interested in the clause in the
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12:09
middle.
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.
12:10
Now if this clause was a separate sentence we can fill in the gap with
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์ ˆ์ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ '๊ทธ๋“ค'๋กœ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ์ฑ„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
'they' - we can say "They were both high school teachers." 'They' means 'my parents.' So
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . '๊ทธ๋“ค'์€ '๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜'์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
12:23
the correct relative pronoun again is who. "My parents who were both high school
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ who์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€
12:29
teachers wanted me to become a college professor."
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ."
12:32
In number three, there's a 'to' at the beginning of the sentence so that should
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3๋ฒˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— 'to'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด
12:37
give you a clue.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
Now think about the answer to this question - the answer might be "You should
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์ด์ œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹ ์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด "
12:44
speak to him" or "You should speak to them" about applying for a loan
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
There's an 'm' in the answer so we put an 'm' in the question word - "To whom should I
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๋Œ€๋‹ต์— 'm'์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 'm'์„ ๋ฌผ์Œํ‘œ - "
12:53
speak about applying for a loan?"
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๋Œ€์ถœ ์‹ ์ฒญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
12:57
Number four - again, we have relative clauses and we are interested in the
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
13:04
clause at the end of the sentence - "If this clause was a separate sentence we can say "She
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ด ์ ˆ์ด ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
13:10
won two Nobel prizes." We cannot say "Her won two Nobel prizes."
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" ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
OKso we have a subject pronoun in the place of the blank so we put 'who' - "Marie
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ฐฑ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ฃผ์–ด ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ '๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. - "๋งˆ๋ฆฌ
13:25
Curie was a Polish scientist who won two Nobel prizes." Number five - "I'm trying to
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ํ€ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•œ ํด๋ž€๋“œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
13:31
get in touch with some of my childhood friends" and then you have 'with'. So
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of my ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  'with'๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
13:36
again as soon as you have the preposition, you know that it should be
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ž๋งˆ์ž ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด who์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:40
whom.
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.
13:41
But also think about the clause at the end. The clause of the end is "I have lost
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค . ๋์˜ ์ ˆ์€ "I have"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
contact with them."
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ๋Š๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:50
OK so because we have 'them' when we change it into a relative clause we
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '๊ทธ๋“ค'์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋•Œ
13:55
write it as 'whom.'
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฌ'๋ผ๊ณ  ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
Alright, and finally number six - this is actually a question but it's not in the
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ - ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:04
form of a question. And the answer to this question might be "I saw him
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์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ "๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€
14:10
stealing from the cash register' or "her stealing from the cash register" so
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๊ธˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." 'whom'์ด๋ผ๋Š”
14:16
because we can have an 'm' in the answer
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๋‹ต์— 'm'์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
14:19
'whom' is the correct relative pronoun or question word. "Tell me whom you saw
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "
14:23
stealing from the cash register."
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๊ธˆ์ „ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ํ›”์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."
14:28
OK, how many of those did you get right? If you got all of them right,
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๋„ค, ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋งž์ถ”์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:31
fantastic job! If you didn't, just keep practicing and I'm sure that you will be
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ณง
14:37
using who and whom correctly in no time. Before you go,
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who์™€ who๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
14:41
remember to subscribe to this channel. If you have any questions at all
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์ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๋ฉด
14:45
again, let me know in the comments section - I will talk to you there.
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๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:49
Alright I'll see you in another lesson soon.
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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