HAVE BEEN / HAS BEEN / HAD BEEN - How to Use These Forms Correctly (with Examples) - English Grammar

3,851,857 views ใƒป 2017-10-20

Learn English Lab


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
โ€˜Have beenโ€™, โ€˜has beenโ€™ and โ€˜had beenโ€™.
0
630
3270
'๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค', '๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค' ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ' ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'.
00:03
These forms cause a lot of confusion for many people.
1
3900
3250
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์‹์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:07
Well, in this video, I will clear up that confusion.
2
7150
3800
์ž, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ํ’€์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
00:10
Iโ€™m going to teach you the three main uses of these forms how to use them correctly without
3
10950
5780
์ด ์–‘์‹์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:16
making mistakes.
4
16730
1209
.
00:17
As always, there is a quiz at the end of the video to test your understanding.
5
17939
6221
์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์˜์ƒ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Alright, letโ€™s get started.
6
24160
9450
์ข‹์•„, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž.
00:33
Before we talk about the uses, you need to know the basics of where to use have, has
7
33610
5890
์šฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ have, have, had๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
and had been: in the present, if the subject of a sentence is I/You/We/They or a plural
8
39500
6960
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ I/You/We/ They ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜
00:46
noun, then we use โ€˜have beenโ€™.
9
46460
2660
๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉด 'ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค'.
00:49
If the subject is He/She/It or a singular noun, then we use โ€˜has beenโ€™.
10
49120
6000
์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ He/She/It์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉด 'has been'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
This is when we talk about the present.
11
55120
2459
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
When we talk only about the past, itโ€™s very easy.
12
57579
3711
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
For any subject, we use โ€˜had beenโ€™.
13
61290
2909
๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
OK, let me test you: what do we use with He/She/It or a singular noun in the present?
14
64199
7191
์ข‹์•„์š”, ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. He/She/It ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:11
We use โ€˜has beenโ€™.
15
71390
2159
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
What about with I/You/We/They or plural nouns?
16
73549
4041
๋‚˜/๋‹น์‹ /์šฐ๋ฆฌ/๊ทธ๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:17
We use โ€˜have beenโ€™.
17
77590
1839
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” '์žˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
And in the past tense?
18
79429
1930
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ๋กœ?
01:21
We use โ€˜had beenโ€™ for all subjects.
19
81359
2841
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Good, so letโ€™s now look at the first use of these forms.
20
84200
5250
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:29
This is in the present perfect tense.
21
89450
2570
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
That is, to talk about actions or situations that started in the past and are still continuing.
22
92020
6269
์ฆ‰, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
Hereโ€™s an example: โ€œI have been working as a teacher for 7 years.โ€
23
98289
5110
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ €๋Š” 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
01:43
In speech, we usually shorten โ€˜I haveโ€™ to โ€˜Iโ€™veโ€™ โ€“ โ€œIโ€™ve been working
24
103399
4371
๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต 'I have'๋ฅผ 'I've'๋กœ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œIโ€™ve been working
01:47
as a teacher for 7 years.โ€
25
107770
2209
as a teacher for 7 years.โ€
01:49
Letโ€™s look at a timeline for this.
26
109979
2621
์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€์ž„๋ผ์ธ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
01:52
You know that I started working as a teacher seven years ago (or in 2010 because at the
27
112600
5430
์ €๋Š” 7๋…„ ์ „์— ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  (๋˜๋Š”
01:58
time of filming this video, right now, itโ€™s 2017), and Iโ€™m still a teacher, so this
28
118030
6219
์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” 2010๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ 2017๋…„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.) ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด
02:04
action โ€“ โ€˜workingโ€™ is continuing.
29
124249
3370
'์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ'๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
In this sentence, we can also say: โ€œI have been working as a teacher since 2010.โ€
30
127619
5741
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "๋‚˜๋Š” 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
The difference between โ€˜forโ€™ and โ€˜sinceโ€™ is that if you want to mention the duration
31
133360
4280
'for'์™€ 'since'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„
02:17
(or amount of time), then you use โ€˜forโ€™ (like โ€˜for 7 yearsโ€™).
32
137640
5310
(๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘)์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'for'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์˜ˆ: 'for 7 years').
02:22
If you want to mention the starting point of the action or situation, use โ€˜sinceโ€™
33
142950
4830
๋™์ž‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด 'since'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:27
(as in โ€˜since 2010โ€™).
34
147780
2470
('since 2010'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด).
02:30
Hereโ€™s another example: letโ€™s say that this lady wants to see the doctor.
35
150250
5230
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:35
Her appointment was at 3 oโ€™clock.
36
155480
2660
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 3์‹œ์˜€๋‹ค.
02:38
She came to the hospital at 3, but the doctor wasnโ€™t there.
37
158140
4110
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 3์‹œ์— ๋ณ‘์›์— ์™”์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
So she started waiting at 3 oโ€™clock and sheโ€™s still waiting โ€“ letโ€™s say itโ€™s
38
162250
4960
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 3์‹œ์— ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
5 oโ€™clock now, so two hours have passed.
39
167210
3270
์ง€๊ธˆ์ด 5์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
So what can we say?
40
170480
1760
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:52
We can say: โ€œShe has been waiting for two hours.โ€
41
172240
3300
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ธ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:55
or โ€œShe has been waiting since 3 oโ€™clock.โ€
42
175540
3380
๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 3์‹œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:58
In natural speech, we say heโ€˜s been and sheโ€™s been: โ€œSheโ€™s been waitingโ€.
43
178920
5220
์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง๋กœ he's been and she's been: "She's been waiting".
03:04
OK have a look at this sentence: โ€œHe has been the CEO of the company for four monthsโ€
44
184140
6460
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
03:10
or we can say โ€˜since Juneโ€™ because thatโ€™s when he started.
45
190600
4300
.
03:14
Here, we donโ€™t have an โ€“ing verb like โ€˜workingโ€™ or โ€˜waitingโ€™.
46
194900
4620
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 'working'์ด๋‚˜ 'waiting'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ -ing ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์—
03:19
Thatโ€™s because we donโ€™t want to focus on any action, we just want to express the
47
199520
5280
์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹จ์ง€
03:24
situation โ€“ that he became the CEO in June and heโ€™s still the CEO.
48
204800
5220
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 6์›”์— CEO๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ CEO๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Hereโ€™s another example: โ€œTheyโ€™ve been married for 25 years / since 1992.โ€
49
210020
6810
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 25๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ / 1992๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
03:36
When did they get married?
50
216830
1720
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์ œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:38
In 1992.
51
218550
1390
1992๋…„.
03:39
Are they still married now?
52
219940
1440
์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
03:41
Yes.
53
221380
1000
์˜ˆ.
03:42
So, theyโ€™ve been married for 25 years now.
54
222380
3730
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 25๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
OK, so what about โ€˜had beenโ€™?
55
226110
2390
๊ทธ๋ž˜, '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์–ด๋•Œ?
03:48
Well, letโ€™s change our sentences a little bit: โ€œI had been working as a teacher for
56
228500
5990
์Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
03:54
7 years when I quit my job.โ€
57
234490
2240
.
03:56
Ah, we see a different meaning here.
58
236730
3550
์•„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋А ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
04:00
It means that I started working as a teacher at some point in the past, I was a teacher
59
240280
6190
๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:06
for 7 years, but then I quit.
60
246470
3380
7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So now, I am no longer a teacher.
61
249850
2590
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
04:12
I want you to notice that there are two past actions here: one continuous action (โ€œI
62
252440
6570
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™(โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š”
04:19
had been working as a teacherโ€) and a single finished action at the end of that (โ€œI quitโ€).
63
259010
6730
๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€)๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™(โ€œ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
Compare this to the previous sentence โ€“ โ€œI have been working as a teacherโ€ โ€“ here,
64
265740
5520
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ „ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ธ โ€œI have been working as a teacherโ€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:31
there is only one continuous action and itโ€™s still continuing, itโ€™s not finished.
65
271260
5030
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
So, please remember this rule: only use โ€˜had beenโ€™ if there were two events in the past:
66
276290
6530
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ 'had been'์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
04:42
a continuing action or a situation and a single, finished action.
67
282820
4870
๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
So letโ€™s go back to the other sentences.
68
287690
3460
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:51
With these, we can say: โ€œShe had been waiting for two hours when the doctor finally arrived.โ€
69
291150
5450
์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” " ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
โ€œHeโ€™d been the CEO of the company for only four months when it went bankrupt.โ€
70
296600
5620
"๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 4๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— CEO์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:02
โ€˜Went bankruptโ€™ means the company lost all its money and closed down.
71
302220
4490
ํŒŒ์‚ฐ'์ด๋ž€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
โ€œThey had been married for 25 years when they divorced.โ€
72
306710
4250
โ€œ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์ง€ 25๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ์ดํ˜ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
05:10
So are they still married?
73
310960
2250
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ง ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:13
Unfortunately, no.
74
313210
2560
๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„.
05:15
Just like the sentences with โ€˜have beenโ€™ and โ€˜has beenโ€™ are in the present perfect
75
315770
4240
'have been' ๊ณผ 'has been'์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ
05:20
tense, the sentences with โ€˜had beenโ€™ are in the past perfect tense.
76
320010
5370
์‹œ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 'had been'์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Now, if you need, stop the video, and make sure you understand the difference between
77
325380
5060
์ด์ œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ 
05:30
โ€˜have beenโ€™, โ€˜has beenโ€™ and โ€˜had beenโ€™, and then play the video and continue.
78
330440
4760
'have been', 'has been', 'had been'์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:35
OK, letโ€™s now move on to the second use of these forms.
79
335200
5140
์ด์ œ ์ด ์–‘์‹์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค .
05:40
This is in the passive voice to talk about recent actions.
80
340340
3710
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:44
Now, I recently needed to buy some computer parts.
81
344050
4010
์ด์ œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:48
So I went to Amazon.com and I bought a mouse and a keyboard.
82
348060
4970
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Amazon.com์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์™€ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
After I received the items, I got an email from Amazon.
83
353030
3600
๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ›„ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
It had this line: โ€œYour items have been delivered.โ€
84
356630
3910
"๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:00
What does that mean?
85
360540
1000
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์•ผ?
06:01
Well, it means the same thing as: โ€œWe have delivered your itemsโ€ (โ€˜Weโ€™ means Amazon).
86
361540
6629
๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"( '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'๋Š” Amazon์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
This sentence is called an active voice sentence and, here, the focus is on โ€˜Weโ€™.
87
368169
5780
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
But Amazon wants to focus on the items because thatโ€™s whatโ€™s important in this situation.
88
373949
6041
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋งˆ์กด์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ’ˆ๋ชฉ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:19
So, instead, they use d the passive voice: โ€œYour items have been delivered.โ€
89
379990
6220
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ d๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
06:26
This means that the items were delivered just now โ€“ maybe a few minutes or hours ago.
90
386210
5820
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ง‰ ๋ฐฐ์†ก๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Now, when I receive the items, I can say: โ€œThe items have been received.โ€
91
392030
5380
์ด์ œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉด "์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
It means โ€œI have received the items.โ€
92
397410
2480
"๋ฌผํ’ˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
Hereโ€™s one last example: thereโ€™s a construction company in my city.
93
399890
5270
๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋„์‹œ์— ๊ฑด์„ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
The build buildings.
94
405160
1810
๋นŒ๋“œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
They started a big construction project in my neighborhood a few months ago.
95
406970
4810
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ์ „์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:51
And now: The company has completed the big construction project.
96
411780
5450
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ: ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
The problem with this active voice sentence is that it focuses too much on the company.
97
417230
6719
์ด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
We want to focus on the project.
98
423949
2531
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
So how can we change this to the passive voice?
99
426480
2390
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:08
Can you do it?
100
428870
1760
๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค?
07:10
Well, we can say: โ€œThe big construction project has been completed.โ€
101
430630
5130
๊ธ€์Ž„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "ํฐ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Very simple.
102
435760
1000
๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
OK, but how do we use โ€˜had beenโ€™ in the passive?
103
436760
3740
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์—์„œ 'had been'์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜์š” ?
07:20
Again, we only use it if there were two actions or events in the past.
104
440500
5240
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:25
Remember the mouse that I bought online?
105
445740
2630
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:28
Unfortunately, two days after I got it, it stopped working.
106
448370
3579
์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ฐ›์€์ง€ ์ดํ‹€๋งŒ์— ์ž‘๋™์ด ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Such a shame.
107
451949
1441
๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
So now I can say: โ€œWhen the mouse stopped working, it had been purchased just two days
108
453390
5440
์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” "๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์„ ๋•Œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•œ ์ง€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ์ดํ‹€
07:38
ago.โ€
109
458830
1309
๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
Notice that we indicate the first event with โ€˜had beenโ€™ (โ€˜it had been purchased just
110
460139
5291
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'('
07:45
two days agoโ€™) and the second event with just the simple past tense โ€“ โ€˜the mouse
111
465430
5090
์ดํ‹€ ์ „์— ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค')๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์ธ '๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๊ฐ€
07:50
stopped workingโ€™.
112
470520
2030
์ž‘๋™์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
With โ€˜had beenโ€™ you can mention the time โ€“ โ€˜two days agoโ€™.
113
472550
3920
'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ '์ดํ‹€ ์ „'.
07:56
For the second sentence, we can say: โ€œThe construction project had just been completed
114
476470
5240
๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "
08:01
when the company started another one.โ€
115
481710
2030
ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Alright, this is the second use of have been, has been and had been.
116
483740
4700
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ have been, been and had been์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
So, letโ€™s turn to the third and final use.
117
488440
3220
์ด์ œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:11
Thankfully, this is the easiest, and it is to talk about the experience of visiting places.
118
491660
5850
๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
For example: โ€œWeโ€™ve been to Hawaii four times.โ€
119
497510
4330
์˜ˆ: "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์™€์ด์— ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:21
This just means that we (maybe Iโ€™m talking about my family) โ€“ we have visited Hawaii
120
501840
6130
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ(์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:27
a total of four times in our lives.
121
507970
3040
ํ‰์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด 4๋ฒˆ ํ•˜์™€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
This sentence is not about continuing actions or passive voice or anything difficult.
122
511010
6409
์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
It just tells you about our life experience.
123
517419
2841
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Here, itโ€™s very important to note that we donโ€™t mention a specific time.
124
520260
6220
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
You cannot say โ€œWeโ€™ve been to Hawaii last year.โ€
125
526480
3170
"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘๋…„์— ํ•˜์™€์ด์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:49
Thatโ€™s a common mistake.
126
529650
1470
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
If you want to say the specific time, you just say โ€œWe went to Hawaiiโ€ or โ€œWe
127
531120
5580
ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด "We went to Hawaii" ๋˜๋Š” "We
08:56
visited Hawaii last year.โ€
128
536700
2060
Visited Hawaii last year"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
When you say โ€˜have beenโ€™ or โ€˜has beenโ€™ donโ€™t mention the time โ€“ because you are
129
538760
4260
'have been' ๋˜๋Š” 'has been'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
09:03
talking about life experience.
130
543020
3620
์ธ์ƒ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
We also use this form in questions: โ€œHave you ever been to Japan?
131
546640
3940
์งˆ๋ฌธ์—๋„ ์ด ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:10
Yes, Iโ€™ve been there twice.โ€
132
550580
2240
๋„ค, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
09:12
Itโ€™s also common to use this form in the negative: โ€œHe has never been to Italy.โ€
133
552820
5300
์ด ํ˜•์‹์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . "๊ทธ๋Š” ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:18
It means he has never visited Italy.
134
558120
2990
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Alright, how about โ€˜had beenโ€™ in this context?
135
561110
3970
์ž, ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ '์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ?
09:25
What is the rule with โ€˜had beenโ€™ โ€“ do you remember?
136
565080
3360
'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ โ€“ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—
09:28
Only use it if there are two actions or events in the past.
137
568440
4540
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
09:32
So hereโ€™s an example: โ€œWhen she traveled to the US in 2015, she had never been abroad
138
572980
5600
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
before.โ€
139
578580
1020
09:39
So it means: she went to the US in 2015, but that was her first visit.
140
579600
5320
์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 2015๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ”์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Before that point, she had never travelled outside her own country.
141
584920
3610
๊ทธ ์‹œ์  ์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Now, โ€˜had beenโ€™ might still be a little confusing for you, but with a little bit of
142
588530
4710
์ง€๊ธˆ, 'ํ–ˆ๋‹ค'๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜
09:53
practice it will become very easy and natural.
143
593240
3120
์—ฐ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Alright, if youโ€™re ready, itโ€™s now time for the quiz.
144
596360
5220
์ž, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
10:01
There are ten sentences on the screen.
145
601580
2441
ํ™”๋ฉด์—๋Š” 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Iโ€™d like you to fill in the gaps with โ€˜have beenโ€™, โ€˜has beenโ€™ or โ€˜had beenโ€™.
146
604021
5249
'have been', 'have been' ๋˜๋Š” 'had been'์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ์นธ์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Stop the video, think about your answers, then play the video again and check.
147
609270
6439
์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ํ›„ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:15
Alright, here are the answers.
148
615709
4061
์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
How many did you get right?
149
619770
1710
๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ๋งž์ถ”์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
10:21
Let me know in the comments section below.
150
621480
2330
์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:23
If you liked this lesson, give it a thumbs up by hitting the like button.
151
623810
3520
์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:27
If youโ€™re new to my channel, remember to subscribe by clicking the subscribe button
152
627330
3930
๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฌ๋… ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ
10:31
to get my latest lessons right here on YouTube.
153
631260
3220
YouTube์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚ด ์ตœ์‹  ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:34
Happy learning and I will see you in another lesson soon.
154
634480
2540
์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7