SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT - Lesson 1: Basic Rules + Am, Is, Are, Was, Were + Quiz (17 Sentences)

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Hello and welcome.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:02
In this series of lessons, I will teach you all about subject-verb agreement.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด -๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:07
Weโ€™ll start with the basics in this lesson and in the following lessons, weโ€™ll discuss
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:12
more advanced topics such as quantity expressions, group or collective nouns, identifying subjects
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์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ‘œํ˜„, ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ ๋ช…์‚ฌ,
00:19
when there are interrupting phrases or clauses, etc.
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๋ฐฉํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์–ด ์‹๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
This first lesson will teach you how to make sentences with correct verb forms for different
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
00:30
subjects, and how to use the verb โ€œbeโ€ โ€“ that is, am, is, are, was and were.
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๊ณผ ๋™์‚ฌ "be"( ์ฆ‰, am, is, are, was ๋ฐ were)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
As always, at the end of the lesson, there is a final quiz to test your understanding.
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ข… ํ€ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
So, if youโ€™re ready, letโ€™s get started.
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:49
So, what is subject-verb agreement?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:56
Well, you know that every English sentence has a subject and a verb.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Subject-verb agreement means the subject and the verb must be in the correct form.
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์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํ˜•์‹์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
This is the rule: A singular subject takes a singular verb.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
A plural subject takes a plural verb.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Take these two sentences: โ€œThat monkey eats bananas.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‘ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ € ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค.โ€
01:19
โ€œThose monkeys eat bananas.โ€
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"๊ทธ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
01:23
In the first sentence, we see a singular noun as the subject โ€“ โ€œmonkeyโ€.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ โ€œ์›์ˆญ์ดโ€.
01:28
โ€œNounโ€ means a name; so here, โ€œmonkeyโ€ is the name of an animal.
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"๋ช…์‚ฌ"๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ "์›์ˆญ์ด"๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
This is the subject here.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
The verb is โ€œeatsโ€; โ€œverbโ€ means an action.
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋จน๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋™์‚ฌ"๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
01:39
In this sentence, the subject is a singular noun โ€“ one monkey.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ โ€“ One Monkey์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
So, the verb also needs to be singular โ€“ eats.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ ๋จน๋‹ค.
01:46
But in the second sentence, we have a plural subject and a plural verb โ€“ โ€œThose monkeys
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œThose monkeys
01:52
EAT bananas.โ€
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EAT bananas.โ€
01:54
Notice that the nouns and verbs are behaving in opposite ways โ€“ the singular noun โ€œmonkeyโ€
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ "monkey"๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์˜
02:00
becomes โ€œmonkeysโ€ with an โ€œsโ€ in the plural form.
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"s"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "monkeys"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:05
But the verb has an โ€œsโ€ in the singular form โ€“ โ€œeatsโ€ and the plural verb โ€œeatโ€
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ "eats"์ด๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ "eat"์—๋Š”
02:10
does not have an โ€œsโ€.
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"s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Here are some more sentences: โ€œThat boy walks to school.โ€
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œThat boy walks to school.โ€
02:16
โ€œThose boys walk to school.โ€
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"๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:18
โ€œThis car goes fast.โ€
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"์ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค."
02:21
โ€œThese cars go fast.โ€
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"์ด ์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค."
02:22
โ€œYour shirt looks nice.โ€
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"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์…”์ธ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ ธ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:24
โ€œYour shirts look nice.โ€
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"๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์…”์ธ ๋Š” ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค."
02:26
โ€œThat lady speaks Spanish.โ€
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โ€œ์ € ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”.โ€
02:28
โ€œThose ladies speak Spanish.โ€
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"์ € ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์š”."
02:30
โ€œMy grandfather has a big house.โ€
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โ€œํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ํฐ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.โ€
02:33
โ€œMy grandparents have a big house.โ€
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"์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ํฐ ์ง‘์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
02:36
So, the singular nouns here are โ€œmonkeyโ€, โ€œboyโ€, โ€œcarโ€, โ€œshirtโ€, โ€œladyโ€,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” "monkey", "boy", "car", "shirt", "lady",
02:42
and โ€œgrandfatherโ€ โ€“ these are all nouns because they are names of people, animals
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"grandfather"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋™๋ฌผ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:47
or objects.
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.
02:49
The singular verbs all have an โ€œsโ€: โ€œeatsโ€, โ€œwalksโ€, โ€œgoesโ€, โ€œlooksโ€, โ€œspeaksโ€,
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "eats", "walks", "goes", "looks", "speaks"
02:54
and โ€œhasโ€.
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๋ฐ "has".
02:55
When we look at the plurals, this is reversed.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
The plural nouns all have an โ€œsโ€ at the end.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋์— "s"๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:00
And the plural verbs have no โ€œsโ€.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” "s"๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
Now, with plural nouns, I want to point out that there are some irregular plurals.
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์ด์ œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
For example, instead of saying โ€œthat boyโ€, you can say โ€œThat child walks to schoolโ€,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "that boy"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  "That child walks to school"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜
03:15
but now the plural is โ€œThose children walk to schoolโ€, not โ€œchildsโ€.
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์€ " childs"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "Those children walk to school"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
But still, โ€œchildrenโ€ is a plural form, so we use a plural verb โ€œwalkโ€ (with no
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ "children"์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ "walk"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(
03:26
-s added to the end).
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๋์— -s๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ).
03:28
Hereโ€™s one more example, but this one is going to be a little tricky: โ€œMark lives
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "Mark lives
03:33
in Floridaโ€.
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in Florida".
03:34
โ€œMarkโ€ is the name of one man, so we say โ€œlivesโ€ (singular verb โ€“ thatโ€™s easy).
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"Mark"๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "lives"(๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ - ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
But, what if Mark has a wife, Anna.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Mark์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‚ด Anna๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:42
Would you say, โ€œMark and Anna lives in Floridaโ€ or โ€œlive in Floridaโ€?
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"๋งˆํฌ์™€ ์•ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:47
Well, โ€œMarkโ€ is one person (so singular); similarly, โ€œAnnaโ€ is one person (again,
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์Œ, "Mark"๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค). ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ "Anna"๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:54
singular).
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜).
03:55
However, โ€œMark and Annaโ€ are two people, so this is a plural form.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ โ€œMark์™€ Annaโ€๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
We need a plural verb (remember that a plural verb does not take an -s at the end).
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋์— -s๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”).
04:06
So, โ€œMark and Anna live in Florida.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "Mark์™€ Anna๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
04:09
This type of subject connected by โ€œandโ€ is called a compound subject.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด "and"๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฃผ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œorโ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ
04:15
There is another type of compound subject connected by โ€œorโ€: โ€œMark or Anna lives
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . โ€œMark or Anna lives
04:21
in Floridaโ€ Now notice that we have a singular verb โ€œlivesโ€.
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in Floridaโ€ ์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ โ€œlivesโ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:26
This is because the conjunction โ€œorโ€ means that either โ€œMarkโ€ or โ€œAnnaโ€ (one
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์ด๋Š” ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ "or"๊ฐ€ "Mark" ๋˜๋Š” "Anna"(
04:31
of those two) is in Florida, not both of them.
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜)๊ฐ€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
So, only one person lives in Florida, so the subject is considered singular and the verb
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ
04:41
is also in singular form.
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๋„ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋˜๋Š”"์œผ๋กœ
04:44
This kind of compound subject connected by โ€œorโ€ is not that common but itโ€™s still
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
04:49
useful to keep this rule in mind.
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์ด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Alright, there are a lot of nouns in these sentences.
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์ž, ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
04:55
But, in natural speech and writing, we often use pronouns in the place of nouns to avoid
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์‹  ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
repetition.
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.
05:03
For example, instead of โ€œThat childโ€, I can say โ€œHe walks to school.โ€
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ทธ ์•„์ด" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "๊ทธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ„๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
And instead of โ€œThose childrenโ€, โ€œThey walk to school.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:11
In the place of โ€œThat ladyโ€, I can say โ€œShe speaks Spanishโ€, and for the plural
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"That lady" ๋Œ€์‹ ์— "She speak Spanish"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ
05:16
again, โ€œThey speak Spanish.โ€
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๋‹ค์‹œ " They speak Spanish"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
โ€œTheyโ€ here refers to โ€œthose ladies.โ€
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ โ€œ๊ทธ๋“คโ€์€ โ€œ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž๋“คโ€์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
โ€œThis car goes fastโ€ can be rewritten as โ€œIt goes fastโ€ and โ€œThese carsโ€
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"์ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค"๋Š” "๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  "์ด ์ฐจ๋“ค"์€
05:27
becomes โ€œThey go fastโ€.
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"๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค"๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Here are all the other sentences with the noun subject changed to a pronoun subject.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
There are two things I want to point out.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Notice that in the first sentence, Iโ€™ve said โ€œheโ€, โ€œsheโ€ or โ€œitโ€.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ "๊ทธ", "๊ทธ๋…€" ๋˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:41
Thatโ€™s because you can refer to an animal (like a monkey) in the same way that you talk
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ (์›์ˆญ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€) ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
about a person โ€“ you can use โ€œheโ€ or โ€œsheโ€ or you can just say โ€œitโ€ โ€“ thatโ€™s
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"๊ทธ" ๋˜๋Š” " ๊ทธ๋…€"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„
05:52
also correct.
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And second, we see that all of the plurals have been changed to โ€œtheyโ€.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด "they"๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
But in some cases you can also have โ€œweโ€.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” "์šฐ๋ฆฌ"๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
For example, if youโ€™re talking to the Spanish-speaking ladies, they can say, โ€œWe speak Spanishโ€.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "We speak Spanish"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Similarly, if youโ€™re in a conversation with Mark and Anna, Mark might say, โ€œWe live
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ Mark์™€ Anna์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™” ์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋ฉด Mark๋Š” "We live
06:12
in Florida.โ€
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in Florida"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
โ€“ โ€œweโ€ meaning the couple of Mark and Anna.
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โ€“ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ"๋Š” Mark์™€ Anna ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:17
The children can say โ€œWe walk to schoolโ€ and if monkeys could talk, theyโ€™d tell you
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ "We walk to school"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:22
โ€œWe eat bananas.โ€
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"We eat bananas"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
Hereโ€™s a table that shows you this pattern.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
The first row has singular nouns and the singular pronouns โ€œHeโ€, โ€œSheโ€ and โ€œItโ€.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "He", "She" ๋ฐ "It"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
So the verbs are all in singular form with an -s added to the end.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋์— -s๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
In the second row, we see plural nouns along with the two plural pronouns โ€œWeโ€ and
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "We"์™€
06:43
โ€œTheyโ€.
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" They"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
So the verbs are all in plural form without the -s.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” -s ์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:48
Now, you might have noticed that there are two important pronouns missing here: the pronouns
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ
06:54
โ€œIโ€ and โ€œyouโ€.
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"I"์™€ "you"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Well, let me ask you: are โ€œIโ€ and โ€œyouโ€ singular or plural?
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋‚˜"์™€ "๋‹น์‹ "์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:00
Where would you put them?
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์–ด๋””์— ๋‘์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:02
Now, the pronoun โ€œIโ€ is always singular; Iโ€™m always just one person.
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "I"๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
โ€œYouโ€ is usually singular because we usually focus on one person when speaking, but it
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โ€œYouโ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ด์ƒ
07:15
can also be plural if youโ€™re talking to more than one person.
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๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:20
Like through this video, Iโ€™m teaching all of you.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
07:23
So โ€œIโ€ is a singular pronoun and โ€œyouโ€ can be singular or plural.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ "I"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  "you"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
However, the rule in English is that with both โ€œIโ€ and โ€œyouโ€, we always use
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–ด์˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ "I"์™€ "you" ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ญ์ƒ
07:35
a plural verb form.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Donโ€™t ask me why.
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์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
07:37
Thereโ€™s no real reason for this.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Itโ€™s just the rule.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทœ์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
For example: โ€œI read the newspaper every morningโ€, โ€œYou make very good coffee.โ€
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์˜ˆ: "๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ", "์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“œ์‹œ๋„ค์š”."
07:46
You might say that as a compliment if you go to somebodyโ€™s house and you really like
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:51
the coffee they give you.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์นญ์ฐฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
Notice that I did not say โ€œI readsโ€ or โ€œYou makesโ€.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "์ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:57
With โ€œIโ€ and โ€œYouโ€, we use plural verbs without -s.
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"I"์™€ "You"๋Š” -s ์—†์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
Letโ€™s get back to the full sentences.
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์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋งจ ์•„๋ž˜์—
08:05
Iโ€™ve added our two new sentences with โ€œIโ€ and โ€œYouโ€ at the bottom.
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"I"์™€ "You"๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:10
The basic subject verb agreement rule โ€“ singular verb for singular subject and plural verb
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™ โ€“ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š”
08:16
for plural subject also applies to negative forms.
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๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜•์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:20
We say โ€œThat monkey does not eat bananasโ€ or โ€œdoesnโ€™t eat bananasโ€ and โ€œThose
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ € ์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค" ๋˜๋Š” "๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค", "์ €
08:26
monkeys do not or donโ€™t eat bananas.โ€
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์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
Itโ€™s important to note that we say โ€œdoes notโ€ and then โ€œeatโ€.
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" ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ "๋จน๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ "do"์— -s๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ
08:34
We donโ€™t say โ€œdoes not eatsโ€ because the -s is already added to the helping verb
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:39
โ€œdoโ€.
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.
08:40
So, thereโ€™s no need to add it again to the main verb โ€œeatโ€.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ โ€œ๋จน๋‹คโ€์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ™์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
08:45
If you want, stop the video and read the other sentences.
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์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” .
08:49
So, remember that to make negative sentences, we use โ€œdoes notโ€ with singular subjects
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” "does not"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ
08:56
and โ€œdo notโ€ with plural subjects.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์—๋Š” "do not"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:59
Similarly, to make questions, we use โ€œdoesโ€ (singular) and โ€œdoโ€ (plural): โ€œDoes
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด "does" (๋‹จ์ˆ˜)์™€ "do"(๋ณต์ˆ˜)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "Does
09:05
that monkey eat bananas?โ€
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that monkey eat bananas?"
09:07
โ€œDo those monkeys eat bananas?โ€
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"์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน๋‚˜์š”?"
09:09
โ€œDoes that boy walk to school?โ€
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"๊ทธ ์• ๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?"
09:11
โ€œDo those boys walk to school?โ€
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"๊ทธ ์• ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋‚˜์š”?"
09:13
etc.
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๋“ฑ
09:14
You can pause and read the others if you want.
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž ์‹œ
09:18
Letโ€™s get back to the original sentences for a moment.
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์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค .
09:23
I want to point out that subject verb agreement rules only apply to the present tense.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
In the past tense, subject-verb agreement isnโ€™t a problem because thereโ€™s only one
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:34
past tense verb form.
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.
09:36
The past tense of โ€œeatโ€ is โ€œate.โ€
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"๋จน๋‹ค"์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์€ "๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
So, we say: โ€œThat monkey ate bananas.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ € ์›์ˆญ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
โ€œThose monkeys ate bananas.โ€
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"๊ทธ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ˆ์–ด."
09:44
Itโ€™s the same for both singular and plural subjects.
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:48
Similarly, โ€œThat boy walked to school.โ€
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ "๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:51
โ€œThose boys walked to school.โ€
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"๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
09:53
In the other sentences, we would say โ€œwentโ€, โ€œlookedโ€, โ€œspokeโ€, โ€œhadโ€, โ€œlivedโ€,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” "went", "looked", "spoke", "had", "lived",
09:58
and โ€œmadeโ€.
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"made"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
So, remember that the basic subject verb agreement rule only applies in the present tense.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:06
The rule is: for a singular subject, you add -s to the verb.
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๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™์‚ฌ์— -s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
And for a plural subject, you just use the verb in its base form without -s.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ -s ์—†์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
This rule works for all verbs: walk, go, look, speak, ring, have, live, do, talk, play, etc.
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์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: walk, go, look, speak, ring, have, live, do, talk, play ๋“ฑ.
10:26
etc.
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10:27
Actually, this rule works for all verbs except for one, and thatโ€™s the verb โ€œbe.โ€
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ ์šฉ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€
10:32
The verb โ€œbeโ€ has its own subject-verb agreement rules.
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๋™์‚ฌ "be"์—๋Š” ์ž์ฒด ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Letโ€™s talk about them now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
10:38
You know that verbs in English have two present tense forms: โ€œeat, eatsโ€, โ€œwalk, walksโ€
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์˜์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ์—๋Š” "eat, eats", "walk, walks"
10:45
and so on, and one past tense form: โ€œateโ€, โ€œwalkedโ€ etc.
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๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ธ "ate", "walked" ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
But, the verb โ€œbeโ€ has three present tense forms: โ€œamโ€, โ€œisโ€ and โ€œareโ€.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์‚ฌ "be"๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ ํ˜•ํƒœ: "am", "is" ๋ฐ "are".
10:56
It also has two past tense forms: โ€œwasโ€ and โ€œwereโ€.
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๋˜ํ•œ "was" ์™€ "were"์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
In the present, if the subject is โ€œIโ€, we say โ€œamโ€: โ€œI am a teacherโ€, โ€œIโ€™m
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ "I"์ด๋ฉด "am"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "I am a teacher", "I'm
11:06
going to eat.โ€
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going to eat."
11:07
If the subject is a singular noun or one of these pronouns: โ€œheโ€, โ€œsheโ€ or โ€œitโ€,
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์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ "he", "she" ๋˜๋Š” "it" ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:12
we use โ€œisโ€: โ€œHe is happyโ€, โ€œSara is waitingโ€, โ€œIt is rainingโ€.
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"is"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "He is happy", "Sara is wait", "It is raining".
11:16
And if the subject is a plural or one of these pronouns: โ€œyouโ€, โ€œweโ€ or โ€œtheyโ€,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ "you", "we" ๋˜๋Š” "they" ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
11:23
we use โ€œareโ€: โ€œYou are lateโ€, โ€œWe are eatingโ€, โ€œThe children are playingโ€.
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"are"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: "You are late", "We are eating", "The children are play".
11:29
In the past, the rules are different.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
For singular noun subjects and for the pronouns โ€œIโ€, โ€œheโ€, โ€œsheโ€ and โ€œitโ€,
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "I", "he", "she" ๋ฐ "it"์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "
11:37
we use โ€œwasโ€: โ€œI was tiredโ€, โ€œArun was runningโ€, โ€œShe was afraidโ€.
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was"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
11:43
And for plural subjects and the pronouns โ€œyouโ€, โ€œweโ€ and โ€œtheyโ€, we use โ€œwereโ€:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ "you", "we" ๋ฐ "they"์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ "were"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:48
โ€œYou were rudeโ€, โ€œWe were travelingโ€, โ€œThe dogs were barking.โ€
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.
11:53
You see that some of these sentences have continuous verbs: โ€œam goingโ€, โ€œis waitingโ€,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:59
โ€œis rainingโ€, โ€œare playingโ€, โ€œwas runningโ€, โ€œwere travelingโ€, โ€œwere
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12:04
barkingโ€.
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.
12:05
These are in the present or past continuous tenses, but the form of the verb be: โ€œamโ€,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์‹œ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ be๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ "am", "
12:10
โ€œisโ€, โ€œareโ€, โ€œwasโ€, โ€œwereโ€ is what changes depending on the subject.
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is", "are", "was", "were" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
If you memorize the simple rules in this table, youโ€™ll find that using โ€œbeโ€ correctly
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์ด ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์™ธ์šฐ๋ฉด "be"๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
12:21
is really no trouble at all.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Alright, if youโ€™re ready, itโ€™s now time for our quiz.
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์ž, ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์ œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:27
Alright, you see that I have a few tables over on that side that show you all the rules
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์ž, ์ €์ชฝ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:33
for subject verb agreement that we have discussed.
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๋…ผ์˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
The first table is for verbs in general and the second two tables are for the verb be,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‘ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์€ ๋™์‚ฌ be์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:42
first for present and then for the past tense.
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.
12:46
Now I have a total of 17 sentences for us to practice with.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์ด 17๊ฐœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
12:50
We'll do a set of five first and then we'll move on to the next set.
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๋จผ์ € 5์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธํŠธ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
Alright in each sentence I want you to choose the correct verb form so in each one you see
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๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ
13:01
that there are two options at various places.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
13:05
I want you to choose the correct option in each case.
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์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์˜ต์…˜์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
13:08
Stop the video now, think about your answers, then play the video again and continue.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
13:18
Alright here are the answers: number one: โ€œI like to study for an hour before I go
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๋‹ต์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: โ€œI like to study for a hour before I go
13:23
to bed at nightโ€ In both cases we use the base form of the verb without an -s because
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to bed at nightโ€ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ -s ์—†์ด ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
for the pronouns I, you, we and they, we don't add s to the verb.
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ I, you, we ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์— s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
It's the same in number two: You smell great (not smells) because we don't add -s with
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2๋ฒˆ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ you ์— -s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค(๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ).
13:42
the pronoun you and here, โ€œWhat perfume are you wearing?โ€
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13:46
now the subject here is not perfume the subject is you, okay, so with โ€œyouโ€ the verb form
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ์•ผ, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์–ด, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "you"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ "
13:54
of โ€œbeโ€ that we're supposed to use is โ€œareโ€, so โ€œWhat perfume are you wearing?โ€
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be"์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ "are"์•ผ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์–ด๋–ค ํ–ฅ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ˆ?" ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ
14:00
Number three: โ€œThis apple looks freshโ€ There's only one apple we're talking about
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: "์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฟ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
14:06
here, so we add -s to the verb; that's the singular form โ€“ โ€œThis apple looks fresh
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๋™์‚ฌ์— -s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
14:11
but those mangoes don't.โ€
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์ € ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
14:14
Those mangoes are a plural so we don't add s to the helping verb do: โ€œThose mangoes
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๊ทธ ๋ง๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ do์— s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:21
don'tโ€ - that means they don't look fresh.
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.
14:25
Number four: โ€œPaul and his brother run a successful photography business togetherโ€
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๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ: "Paul๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์šด์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:31
Remember that Paul and his brother is a compound subject - Paul and his brother are two people
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Paul๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. Paul๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ˜•์ œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋์— -s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€
14:36
so we use a plural verb form โ€œrunโ€ without adding -s to the end.
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ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ "run"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
14:42
And finally number five โ€“ โ€œThere are seven continents in the world.โ€
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ - " ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
14:46
Here, the subject is not โ€œthereโ€ - it's neither singular nor plural; there is just
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "there"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:51
an adverb.
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.
14:53
The subject here is seven continents - that's a plural so โ€œThere are seven continents
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ "์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” 7๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:59
in the world.โ€
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15:00
Alright, here's the next set of five -number six to ten.
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์ž, ๋‹ค์Œ์€ 6๋ฒˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10๋ฒˆ๊นŒ์ง€ 5๋ฒˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
Stop the video think about your answers then play the video and check.
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:13
Alright here are the answers - in number six we have a conversation between two people:
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹ต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 6๋ฒˆ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
15:19
โ€œWhat time is it?โ€
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"์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช‡ ์‹œ์•ผ?"
15:20
โ€œIt's two o'clock.
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โ€œ๋‘ ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
Why do you ask?โ€
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์™œ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด?โ€
15:24
โ€œWell Jen has a flight at five.
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โ€œ๊ธ€์Ž„ Jen์€ 5์‹œ์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
She needs to get going.โ€
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
15:28
Here we've said โ€œhasโ€ and โ€œneedsโ€ because in both cases we have a singular subject.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "์žˆ๋‹ค"์™€ "ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
Here Jen is a singular subject and she is a pronoun that refers back to Jen.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ Jen์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ด๊ณ  she๋Š” Jen์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
Number seven โ€“ โ€œSunilโ€ again singular โ€œsays he would like to visit Moscow somedayโ€
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์ผ๊ณฑ ๋ฒˆ์งธ โ€“ "Sunil" ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜• "๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
15:50
You might be wondering if Sunil is singular why is it โ€œlikeโ€ and not โ€œlikesโ€ over
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Sunil์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ "likes"๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ "likes"์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:56
here - that's because when we have a modal verb like will, would, can, could, shall,
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, would, can, could, shall,
16:03
should and so on we don't apply any subject verb agreement rules.
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should ๋“ฑ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:08
We just put the modal and then the base form of the verb, that's why โ€œSunil says he would
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "Sunil์ด
16:14
like to visit Moscow someday.โ€
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
16:17
Number eight: โ€œYou talk too fast for me.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๋ฒˆ์งธ: โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด์š”.
16:20
Could you slow down a little please?โ€
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์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?โ€
16:22
Number nine: โ€œDoes Brenda drive to work?โ€
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9๋ฒˆ: "๋ธŒ๋ Œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ถœ๊ทผํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?"
16:25
Again, Brenda is a singular noun so we need to add -s to the helping verb โ€œdoโ€: we
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, Brenda๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๋™์‚ฌ โ€œdoโ€์— -s๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
make it does and then we make a question with that: โ€œDoes Brenda drive to work?
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16:38
No she doesn't.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
She takes the bus.โ€
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€
16:41
Number 10: โ€œWe wanted to go out and play because we were really boredโ€ With the plural
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10๋ฒˆ: โ€œ์‹ฌ์‹ฌํ•ด์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์–ด. โ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜
16:48
pronoun we, we use were in the past tense so โ€œWe were really bored but it was raining
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๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ we๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ด๋ผ โ€œ ์‹ฌ์‹ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:56
outside so we just stayed insideโ€ โ€œItโ€ is a singular subject so โ€œit was raining
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๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด.โ€ โ€œ๊ทธ๊ฒƒโ€ ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ โ€œit was raining
17:02
outsideโ€.
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outsideโ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
OK, now we move on to sentences number 11 to 14.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ 11๋ฒˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 14๋ฒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
OK, stop the video, do the exercise and then check.
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์ž, ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ™•์ธํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
17:19
OK in number 11, โ€œDo all adverbs end in ly?โ€
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11๋ฒˆ, "๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ly๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋‚˜์š” ?"
17:23
Imagine a student asking that to his or her teacher.
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ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค .
17:27
We say โ€œDoโ€ because the subject here is โ€œall adverbsโ€ plural, so โ€œDo all adverbs
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ "all adverbs" ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "Do"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "Do all adverbs and
17:33
and in ly?โ€
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in ly?"
17:34
The teacher says โ€œNo, there are many adverbs that have other endingsโ€ So again โ€œareโ€
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด "์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ "are"
17:41
and โ€œhaveโ€ because the subject is a plural.
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์™€ "have"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
Number 12: โ€œMy sonโ€ singular โ€œMy son goes to the gym every day after school.
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12๋ฒˆ: "๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค" ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ "๋‚ด ์•„๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ฒด์œก๊ด€์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
I'm glad he doesn't spend a lot of time playing video games like other kidsโ€ 13: โ€œAshleyโ€
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๋‹คํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€ 13: โ€œAshleyโ€
17:59
singular again โ€œAshley was elatedโ€ - elated means she was very happy โ€œAshley was elated
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๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜• ๋‹ค์‹œ โ€œAshley was elatedโ€ โ€“ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œAshley๋Š”
18:06
when she found out her mom and dad were coming to visitโ€ Mom and dad are two people, again
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€ ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๋น ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ
18:12
we have a compound subject โ€“ โ€œmom and dad were coming to visitโ€ OK number 14:
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๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€“ โ€œ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ์•„๋น ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ ํ™•์ธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 14:
18:19
โ€œWho are those people?
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โ€œ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:21
I don't know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:23
They look like executives or salespeople; I canโ€™t tell.โ€
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๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์—… ์‚ฌ์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.โ€
18:28
Alright, we move on to our last set of sentences: sentences number 15 to 17.
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์„ธํŠธ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 15์—์„œ 17๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
These are slightly longer to challenge you.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
Go ahead and stop the video and do the exercise.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
18:44
OK number 15: โ€œWhat breed is your dog?
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ํ™•์ธ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 15: โ€œ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ’ˆ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:47
He's a German Shepherd.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋…์ผ ์…ฐํผ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:49
What does he like to do?
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ญ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด?
18:51
He loves going for walks but he absolutely hates taking a bathโ€ 16: โ€œShalini teaches
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชฉ์š•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ 16: โ€œShalini๋Š”
18:58
physics at a college.
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๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
She enjoys teaching but saysโ€ now up until this point we've been dealing with Shalini
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ "์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ Shalini๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด ์™”๊ธฐ
19:06
who is one person so a singular subject but here it gets a little complicated: โ€œbut
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:12
she says the hoursโ€ plural โ€œthe hours are long and the payโ€ singular โ€œisn't
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โ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ โ€œ
19:20
very good so sheโ€ singular again โ€œis looking for a better paying jobโ€ Number 17: โ€œThe
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€โ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ โ€œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ 17๋ฒˆ: โ€œ
19:27
report has revealedโ€ The report is singular โ€œThe report has revealed that more than
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๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ โ€œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๊ฐ€
19:33
two million accountsโ€ plural โ€œhave been affected because of the websiteโ€™s recently
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200๋งŒ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ„์ •์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ โ€œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ
19:40
exposed security loopholeโ€ Now in this last sentence you see โ€œtwo million accounts have
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๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ๋ณด์•ˆ ํ—ˆ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ โ€œ2๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ •์ด
19:46
been affectedโ€ this is in the passive voice.
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:50
Now as far as subject verb agreement goes it doesn't matter whether a sentence is in
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์ด์ œ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์ธ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:55
the active voice or the passive voice you just look at the subject and you apply the
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
20:01
correct verb form.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:03
Alright I hope you've enjoyed this lesson.
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด
20:05
Go ahead and watch part 2 of subject verb agreement for more advanced topics.
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์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์‚ฌ ์ผ์น˜ ํŒŒํŠธ 2๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์•„๋ž˜ ๋Œ“๊ธ€ ์„น์…˜์—์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜
20:11
Let me know how many of these 17 sentences from the quiz you got right in the comments
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17๊ฐœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งžํ˜”๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
20:16
section below.
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.
20:17
As always happy learning and I'll see you in another lesson soon.
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๋˜์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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