Articles (a, an, the) - Lesson 1 - 7 Rules For Using Articles Correctly - English Grammar

3,538,040 views ・ 2017-06-26

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ²ˆμ—­λœ μžλ§‰μ€ 기계 λ²ˆμ—­λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Hello and welcome.
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μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”. ν™˜μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:02
In this lesson, I will teach you the
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이번 μ‹œκ°„μ—λŠ” μ˜μ–΄
00:03
seven rules that you need to know for using articles in
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관사λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•  7κ°€μ§€ κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:07
English correctly.
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.
00:09
Articles are the words β€˜a’, β€˜an’, and β€˜the’.
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κ΄€μ‚¬λŠ” 'a', 'an', 'the'λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
There is a final quiz at the end of the lesson for you to
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μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ λλ‚˜λ©΄
00:15
test your understanding.
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이해도λ₯Ό ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ ν€΄μ¦ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
OK, the first rule is about where to use β€˜a’ and where to
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자, 첫 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ€ 'a'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  μœ„μΉ˜μ™€
00:22
use β€˜an’.
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'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  μœ„μΉ˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
So rule number one is use β€˜a’ before a consonant
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 첫 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ€ 자음 μ•žμ— 'a'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©
00:27
sound, and β€˜an’ before a vowel sound.
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ν•˜κ³  λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬ μ•žμ— 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
00:30
So in all of these words – you see that they start with a
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 λͺ¨λ“  λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ - 자음 μ†Œλ¦¬ 둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:34
consonant sound.
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.
00:36
Cat starts with /k/, dog
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κ³ μ–‘μ΄λŠ” /k/둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ , κ°œλŠ”
00:38
starts with /d/, boy with /b/, girl with /g/, house with /h/
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/d/둜, μ†Œλ…„μ€ /b/둜, μ†Œλ…€λŠ” /g/둜, 집은 /h/둜,
00:44
and tree with /t/.
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λ‚˜λ¬΄λŠ” /t/둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
So we say β€˜a cat’, β€˜a dog’, β€˜a boy’, β€˜a girl’, β€˜a house’, β€˜a
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'a cat', 'a dog', 'a boy', 'a girl', 'a house', 'a
00:51
tree’ etc.
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tree' 등을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Notice that in natural speech, we don’t say
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00:55
β€˜a’, we say β€˜uh’ – like β€˜a cat’.
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'μ–΄'라고 λ§ν•˜μ„Έμš” – ' 고양이'μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:58
In this next set of words, you see that, they all start with a
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이 λ‹€μŒ 단어 μ„ΈνŠΈμ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
vowel sound – apple starts with /ae/, engineer starts with /e/,
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apple은 /ae/둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ , engineerλŠ” /e/둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
01:07
ice-cream with /ai/, old with /o/, umbrella with /uh/.
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ice-cream은 /ai/둜, oldλŠ” /o/둜, umbrellaλŠ” /둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 음/.
01:13
So we say β€˜an apple’, β€˜an engineer’, β€˜an ice-cream cone’,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” '사과', ' 기술자', 'μ•„μ΄μŠ€ν¬λ¦Ό 콘', '
01:16
β€˜an old woman’, β€˜an umbrella’ and so on.
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λ…ΈνŒŒ', 'μš°μ‚°' 등을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
In speech, we don’t say β€˜an’, we say /Ι™n/.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 말을 ν•  λ•Œ 'an'이라고 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  /Ι™n/이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Let’s do a small exercise.
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μž‘μ€ μš΄λ™μ„ ν•΄λ³΄μž.
01:25
You see ten items on the screen.
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화면에 10개의 ν•­λͺ©μ΄ ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
For each one, I want you to say if you would use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’
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각각에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•žμ— 'a'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
01:32
before it.
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.
01:33
Stop the video, think about it, then play the
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  μƒκ°ν•œ ν›„
01:35
video again and check.
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μƒν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”.
01:41
OK here are the answers.
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여기에 닡이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Did you get them all right?
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λͺ¨λ‘ λ§žμ·„λ‚˜μš”?
01:45
I want to focus on items number seven
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7λ²ˆμ—μ„œ 10번 ν•­λͺ©μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
to ten because these are a little tricky.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것듀은 μ•½κ°„ κΉŒλ‹€λ‘­κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Number seven is β€˜a university’ because even
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7λ²ˆμ€ 'λŒ€ν•™'인데
01:53
though β€˜university’ starts with the letter β€˜u’ the first sound
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'λŒ€ν•™'은 '우'둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:58
of the word is not a vowel sound.
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λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ²«μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
We don’t say /ooniversity/.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” /ooniversity/라고 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
We say /yoo-nΙ™- vΙ™r-si-ty/ so that first sound
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/yoo-nΙ™- vΙ™r-si-ty/라고 ν•΄μ„œ μ²«μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 자음
02:06
is a /y/ sound, which is a consonant sound, so we say β€˜a
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인 /y/κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ„œ 'a
02:11
university.’
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university'라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
Number eight is similar.
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8λ²ˆλ„ λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
The word β€˜European’ starts with a
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02:16
/y/ sound, so β€˜a European tour.’
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02:19
In number nine, the spelling has an β€˜h’ at the start but
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μœ λŸ¬ν”Όμ•ˆ(European)μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” /y/ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ '유럽 νˆ¬μ–΄'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:23
that β€˜h’ is silent.
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.
02:25
We don’t say /hau-Ι™r/, we say /au-Ι™r/.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” /hau-Ι™r/라고 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  /au-Ι™r/라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
The first sound is an /au/ sound which is a vowel sound,
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첫 번째 μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬μΈ /au/ μ†Œλ¦¬
02:33
so this is β€˜an hour’.
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μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 'an hour'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
In the same way, in number ten, we say
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같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 10λ²ˆμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:37
MA.
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MA라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
β€˜M’ starts with an /e/ sound which is again a vowel
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'M'은 λͺ¨μŒ μ†Œλ¦¬μΈ /e/ μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ
02:42
sound, so β€˜an MA in English’.
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'μ˜μ–΄μ˜ MA'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
OK let’s move on to rule number two: Use β€˜a’ and β€˜an’ ONLY with
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자, 두 번째 κ·œμΉ™μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . 'a'와 'an'은
02:50
singular, countable nouns.
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μˆ˜ λͺ…μ‚¬μ—λ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
02:53
We say that a noun is countable if we can count it – one, two,
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ν•˜λ‚˜, λ‘˜,
02:57
three, four etc.
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μ…‹, λ„· λ“± μ…€ 수 있으면 λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ…€ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν™”λ©΄
02:59
All of these words on the screen are countable.
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에 μžˆλŠ” 이 λͺ¨λ“  λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ…€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
We can say one elephant, three cars,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 코끼리 ν•œ 마리, μžλ™μ°¨ μ„Έ λŒ€,
03:05
ten teachers, five hundred onions and so on.
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ꡐ사 μ—΄ λͺ…, μ–‘νŒŒ 였백 등을 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Now if you talk about one person or thing,
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이제 코끼리 ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬λ‚˜ μžλ™μ°¨ ν•œ λŒ€μ²˜λŸΌ ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄
03:11
like one elephant or one car, then that’s called a
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03:15
singular noun and if you say ten teachers or five hundred
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λ‹¨μˆ˜ λͺ…사라고 ν•˜κ³  μ—΄ λͺ…μ˜ κ΅μ‚¬λ‚˜ 였백
03:18
onions, those are called plural nouns.
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μ–‘νŒŒλΌκ³  ν•˜λ©΄ 볡수 λͺ…사라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted in this way.
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μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λŠ” 이런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Nouns like water, sugar, milk, love,
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λ¬Ό, 섀탕, 우유, μ‚¬λž‘,
03:29
anger, knowledge are some examples.
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λΆ„λ…Έ, 지식과 같은 λͺ…사가 λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
If you think about it, you cannot say β€œI drank
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생각해보면 "
03:34
four waters” or β€œI want eight milks”.
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λ¬Ό λ„€ 개λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"λΌκ±°λ‚˜ "우유 μ—¬λŸ 개λ₯Ό μ›ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ "라고 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
To a person, you can say β€œI love you” but you can’t
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ 당신은 "당신을 μ‚¬λž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 말할 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:40
say β€œI have five loves for you” – that doesn’t make any sense.
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"λ‚˜λŠ” 당신을 μœ„ν•œ λ‹€μ„― κ°€μ§€ μ‚¬λž‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€"라고 말할 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:45
So these are all uncountable.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이것듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Alright, so the rule is - you can only use β€˜a’ and β€˜an’ if
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자, κ·œμΉ™μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œλ§Œ 'a'와 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:51
you’re talking about one person or one thing.
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.
03:54
Let’s do another quick exercise.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ
03:57
Here are ten items again.
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μ—΄ κ°€μ§€ ν•­λͺ©μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
03:59
This time, you see β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ before the nouns, but
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” λͺ…사 μ•žμ— 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'이 ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ”λ°,
04:02
some of these are wrong.
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이 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
They should NOT have β€˜a’ or β€˜an’
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04:06
before them.
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μ•žμ— 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'이 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:08
Stop the video, identify the mistakes, then
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ€‘μ§€ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
04:11
play the video again and check.
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λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μƒν•˜κ³  ν™•μΈν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
04:15
OK, here are the answers.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 여기에 닡변이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Number three is wrong because β€˜shirts’ is a plural and you
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3λ²ˆμ€ 'shirts'κ°€ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄κ³  볡수 λͺ…사
04:22
cannot use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ before a plural noun.
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μ•žμ— 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 잘λͺ»λœ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:26
Number five is wrong because β€˜happiness’ is
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5λ²ˆμ€ '행볡'이 μ…€
04:29
uncountable, so again, β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ cannot be used there.
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수 μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 잘λͺ»λœ κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
The same goes for number six –
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숫자 6도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
water is uncountable.
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물은 μ…€ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
Number nine is wrong because β€˜doctors’
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9λ²ˆμ€ 'doctors'κ°€ λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν‹€λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:41
is a plural – you can say β€˜a doctor’ but not β€˜a doctors’.
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.
04:45
And finally, in number ten, advice is an uncountable noun –
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 10λ²ˆμ—μ„œ 쑰언은 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
04:49
so you cannot ask for β€˜an advice’.
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'μ‘°μ–Έ'을 μš”μ²­ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
04:52
Now a quick note here: the article β€˜the’ can be used with
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이제 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ°Έκ³  사항: 관사 'the'λŠ”
04:56
all kinds of nouns – singular or plural countable nouns, and
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λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λͺ…사(λ‹¨μˆ˜ λ˜λŠ” 볡수 κ°€μ‚° λͺ…사,
05:01
uncountable nouns.
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λΆˆκ°€μ‚° λͺ…사)와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
OK, so let’s now talk about how to choose between β€˜a’ or β€˜an’
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이제 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'
05:07
and β€˜the’.
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κ³Ό 'the' μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ„ νƒν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
Here’s rule number three: Use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ to talk about a
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μ„Έ 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ“£λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
05:11
person or thing unknown to your listener.
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λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
05:14
And use β€˜the’ to talk about a person or thing known
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그리고 'the'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ“£λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:18
to your listener.
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.
05:19
For example, β€œMy sister has two computers: a PC and a laptop.
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, β€œλ‚΄ 여동생은 두 λŒ€μ˜ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ : PC와 λ…ΈνŠΈλΆ.
05:24
The PC is quite old but the laptop is brand new.”
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PCλŠ” κ½€ λ‚‘μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ€ μƒˆκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.” 두 λŒ€μ˜ 컴퓨터λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 처음이기
05:29
I say β€˜a PC’ and β€˜a laptop’ because
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'PC'와 'λ…ΈνŠΈλΆ'이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:32
that’s the first time I’m mentioning the two computers.
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.
05:35
That is, until this point, they are unknown to you, the
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즉, 이 μ‹œμ κΉŒμ§€λŠ” 청취자인 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:38
listener.
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.
05:40
But now, I can say β€œThe PC is quite old but the
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ β€œPCλŠ” κ½€ λ‚‘μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
05:43
laptop is brand new.”
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λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ€ μƒˆκ²ƒβ€μ΄λΌκ³  말할 수 μžˆλ‹€.
05:45
When I say β€˜the PC’, you know which
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μ œκ°€ 'PC'라고 ν•˜λ©΄
05:48
one I’m talking about: my sister’s PC.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λˆ„λ‚˜μ˜ PC인지 μ•„μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
And the same thing goes for the laptop.
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그리고 λ…ΈνŠΈλΆλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
So the PC and the laptop are now known to
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λ”°λΌμ„œ PC 와 λ…ΈνŠΈλΆμ€ 이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:57
you.
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.
05:58
In English, β€˜a’ and β€˜an’ are called indefinite articles
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μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 'a'와 'an'은
06:02
because they talk about something that the listener
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μ²­μžκ°€
06:05
doesn’t know about.
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μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 뢀정관사라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:07
And β€˜the’ is called the definite article
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그리고 'the'λŠ”
06:09
because the listener knows what you are referring to.
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μ²­μžκ°€ 당신이 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 정관사라고 λΆˆλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:13
Here’s another example: but now, can you fill in the gaps?
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μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이제 곡백을 μ±„μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:18
It’s pretty simple: the first time I mention my tree, I’m
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μ•„μ£Ό κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 제 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό 처음 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  λ•Œ
06:22
going to say β€˜a tree’: so, β€œI planted a tree in my garden
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'λ‚˜λ¬΄'라고 말할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ "μž‘λ…„μ— 정원에 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ‹¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:27
last year.”
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."
06:28
Now you know about the tree, so I can say β€œThe
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이제 λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œμ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆ "
06:32
tree has now grown big.”
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λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ 이제 μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Now this was easy because we were talking about one tree.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이것은 μ‰¬μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
But what if I planted two, three or four trees?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 두 그루, μ„Έ 그루, λ„€ 그루의 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ‹¬μœΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
06:41
Well you know that we cannot use β€˜a’ or
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06:44
β€˜an’ with plurals.
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λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ—λŠ” 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:46
But we can mention the exact number.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ •ν™•ν•œ μˆ«μžλŠ” μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
We can say β€œI planted four trees
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” β€œμž‘λ…„μ— 정원에 λ„€ 그루의 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό μ‹¬μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.”라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:51
in my garden last year.”
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.
06:53
Or if I don’t want to say the number,
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λ˜λŠ” 숫자λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄
06:55
I can say β€œI planted some trees.”
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"I planted some trees"라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
06:58
And then I can say β€œThe trees have now grown big.”
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그리고 " λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ 이제 μ»€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
β€˜The’ simply means that you know which trees I’m talking
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'The'λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ 무엇인지 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:06
about.
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.
07:07
In both of these examples, we first introduce something with
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이 두 κ°€μ§€ μ˜ˆμ—μ„œ λ¨Όμ €
07:11
β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ or β€˜some’ and then we say β€˜the’ because the
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'a', 'an' λ˜λŠ” 'some'으둜 무언가λ₯Ό μ†Œκ°œν•œ λ‹€μŒ λ“£λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ•Œκ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'the'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:16
listener knows about them.
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.
07:18
But sometimes, you don’t need β€˜a’
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 'a'
07:20
or β€˜an’ because your listener will automatically understand
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λ˜λŠ” 'an'이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ“£λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ
07:24
what you are referring to.
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κ·€ν•˜κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:25
For example, β€œCan you open the window?”
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, "창문을 μ—΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?"
07:29
If we’re sitting in a room, and if I say this to you,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 방에 앉아 있고 λ‚΄κ°€ 이것을 λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ§ν•˜λ©΄
07:32
you will know which window I’m talking about.
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당신은 λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 창문이 무엇인지 μ•Œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:35
Or if I said, β€œI need to go back home.
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λ˜λŠ” β€œ 집에 λŒμ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
07:37
I think I left the stove on.”
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λ‚œλ‘œλ₯Ό μΌœλ†“μ€ 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.”
07:40
That means, the stove might still be
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즉, μŠ€ν† λΈŒκ°€ 아직
07:42
burning, but which stove?
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타고 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ–€ μŠ€ν† λΈŒμž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:44
Well, you can understand from the
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κΈ€μŽ„, 당신은
07:46
situation that I mean the stove in my house.
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λ‚΄κ°€ 우리 μ§‘μ˜ λ‚œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ 이해할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
07:50
But this isn’t always possible.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것이 항상 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
For example, if I say β€œThe man is my boss.”
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ β€œκ·Έ λ‚¨μžκ°€ λ‚΄ 상사야.”라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄.
07:56
You will ask – β€œWhich man is your boss?”
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당신은 "λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μƒμ‚¬λŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆκΉŒ?"라고 물을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
It’s confusing.
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ν˜Όλž€ μŠ€λŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
But what about if I say β€œThe man in the grey suit
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ "νšŒμƒ‰ μ •μž₯을 μž…μ€ λ‚¨μžκ°€
08:04
is my boss.”
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λ‚΄ μƒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."라고 λ§ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:05
you know which one I’m talking about.
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당신은 λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
So here, we mention a noun with β€˜the’ –
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'the' –
08:10
β€˜the man’ – and then we give information to identify that
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'the man'κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ λͺ…사λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ λ‹€μŒ
08:14
noun – β€˜in the grey suit’.
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'in the grey suit'λΌλŠ” λͺ…사λ₯Ό 식별할 수 μžˆλŠ” 정보λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
Here’s one final example: β€œWhere’s the money I lent you
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λ‹€μŒμ€ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— λ‚΄κ°€ λΉŒλ €μ€€ λˆμ€ μ–΄λ”” μžˆμ§€
08:20
last week?”
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?"
08:21
So I start with β€˜Where’s the money’ and then I
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” '돈이 어딨어'둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
08:24
say which money – β€˜the money that I lent you last week’.
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'μ§€λ‚œμ£Όμ— λ‚΄κ°€ λΉŒλ €μ€€ 돈'이 μ–΄λ–€ λˆμΈμ§€ λ§ν•΄μš” .
08:28
OK, let’s now talk about rule number four: use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ to
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자, 이제 κ·œμΉ™ 4λ²ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€. 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
08:33
talk about nonspecific things or people.
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λΆˆνŠΉμ •ν•œ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:37
What does that mean?
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그게 무슨 λœ»μ΄μ•Ό?
08:38
Well, here’s an example: β€œDo you have
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음, μ—¬κΈ° μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "
08:40
a pencil?”
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μ—°ν•„ μžˆμ–΄μš”?"
08:42
If I ask you this question, then it probably
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μ œκ°€ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦°λ‹€λ©΄ μ•„λ§ˆλ„
08:44
means I need a pencil to write with.
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μ œκ°€ μ“Έ 연필이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 의미일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:47
Now I say β€˜a pencil’ because I mean β€˜any pencil’ - I
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이제 λ‚˜λŠ” 'μ—°ν•„'을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 'μ—°ν•„'이라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. νŠΉμ • 연필에
08:51
don’t care about any one specific pencil.
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λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ‹ κ²½ μ“°μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
08:55
Compare this to the next sentence: β€œDo you
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이것을 λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. β€œ
08:57
have the pencil that Kathy gave you?”
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Kathyκ°€ μ€€ 연필을 κ°€μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ ?”
09:00
Here, I’m referring to a specific pencil.
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” νŠΉμ • 연필을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
Here’s another example, β€œI want to buy an apartment” β€˜An
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μ—¬κΈ° 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš”.”
09:08
apartment’ means I haven’t decided which apartment.
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09:12
Maybe I haven’t even started looking
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09:13
for one, but I just know that I want to buy some apartment.
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μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό 사고 μ‹Άλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
But look at this next sentence: β€œI
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€μŒ λ¬Έμž₯을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”. β€œλ°©λ¬Έν–ˆλ˜
09:20
want to buy the apartment that we visited.”
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μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό 사고 μ‹Άμ–΄μš” .”
09:23
So you know which apartment I’m talking about.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 당신은 λ‚΄κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” μ•„νŒŒνŠΈλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:26
And here’s one last example, β€œIf you’re feeling sick, you
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그리고 여기에 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "μ•„ν”„λ©΄
09:30
should go and see a doctor.”
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μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κ°€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€." 기뢄이 μ’‹μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μΉœκ΅¬μ—κ²Œ 쑰언을 ν•˜λ €κ³ 
09:32
Maybe you’re saying this to give advice to a friend who
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이 말을 ν•˜λŠ” 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:36
isn’t feeling very well.
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.
09:37
Here, we don’t mean go and see a
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ”
09:40
specific doctor – we mean any doctor.
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νŠΉμ • μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜λŸ¬ κ°€λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λͺ¨λ“  μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:44
But let’s say your friend takes your advice and
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ μΆ©κ³ λ₯Ό λ“£κ³ 
09:46
goes to a doctor.
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μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κ°„λ‹€κ³  ν•©μ‹œλ‹€.
09:47
When you see your friend again, you might
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친ꡬλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ‚˜λ©΄
09:50
ask β€œWhat did the doctor say?”
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β€œμ˜μ‚¬κ°€ 뭐라고 ν–ˆμ–΄?”라고 물을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
Why are we saying β€˜the doctor’?
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'μ˜μ‚¬'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:56
Because we mean that specific doctor who the friend visited.
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μΉœκ΅¬κ°€ λ°©λ¬Έν•œ νŠΉμ • μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
So, notice again that we use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ when we’re talking
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λ”°λΌμ„œ νŠΉμ • μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 일반적으둜 μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물에 λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기할 λ•Œ 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점에 μœ μ˜ν•˜μ„Έμš”
10:04
about a person or thing in general, and not a specific
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10:08
person or thing (for that, we use β€˜the’).
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(이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 'the'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€).
10:11
Alright, let’s move on to rule number five now: use β€˜a’ or
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자, 이제 κ·œμΉ™ 5번으둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 'a' λ˜λŠ”
10:15
β€˜an’ to mention the category or type of a person or thing.
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'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ λ²”μ£Όλ‚˜ μœ ν˜•μ„ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:20
To understand this, I have a small exercise for you.
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이것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ μœ„ν•œ μž‘μ€ μš΄λ™μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
All of these sentences mention a
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이 λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμž₯은
10:25
category of type of a person or thing.
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ μœ ν˜• λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
10:29
But they’re missing the articles.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 기사λ₯Ό λ†“μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ¬Έμž₯의 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μœ„μΉ˜μ—
10:32
I want you to put β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ in the correct place in
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'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 λ„£μœΌμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
10:36
each of these sentences.
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.
10:38
Stop the video, think about your
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³ 
10:39
answers, then play the video again and check.
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닡을 μƒκ°ν•œ ν›„ μ˜μƒμ„ λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μƒν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μΈν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:45
OK, in number one - β€œMy car is a 2011 Ford Fusion.”
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 1번 - "λ‚΄ μ°¨λŠ” 2011 ν¬λ“œ ν“¨μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
10:51
So here, I mention β€˜my car’ and then I
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” 'λ‚΄ μ°¨'λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ λ‹€μŒ 기본적으둜 차의 μœ ν˜•μΈ
10:54
tell you the model of the car – β€˜2011 Ford Fusion’ – that is
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'2011 Ford Fusion'μ΄λΌλŠ” 차의 λͺ¨λΈμ„ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
10:59
basically the type of car that it is.
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.
11:02
So we use β€˜a’ before it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ μ•žμ— 'a'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
Number two is β€œYou can use your TV as a laptop monitor.”
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” β€œ TVλ₯Ό λ…ΈνŠΈλΆ λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.β€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:09
Here, the noun phrase β€˜laptop
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 'λ…ΈνŠΈλΆ
11:11
monitor’ says what type of thing your TV can be used as.
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λͺ¨λ‹ˆν„°'λΌλŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬κ΅¬λŠ” TVλ₯Ό μ–΄λ–€ μš©λ„λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
In number three, β€œJim’s daughter is an intelligent
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μ„Έ 번째둜 "짐의 딸은 총λͺ…ν•œ
11:19
girl.”
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μ†Œλ…€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
11:20
We say what type of girl she is – β€˜an intelligent girl’.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μœ ν˜•μ˜ μ†Œλ…€ 인지 – 'λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ μ†Œλ…€'라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:25
Number four is β€œI’d like to become a member of your
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λ„€ λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” β€œλ‚˜λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹ μ˜ λ„μ„œκ΄€ νšŒμ›μ΄ 되고 μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
library.”
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β€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:29
After the verb β€˜become’ you see that I’m
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'λ˜λ‹€'λΌλŠ” 동사 뒀에 λ‚΄κ°€
11:32
saying what category I want to belong to – β€˜member of the
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μ†ν•˜κ³  싢은 범주인 'λ„μ„œκ΄€ ꡬ성원
11:36
library’.
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'을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:37
For this reason, β€˜a member’.
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ' νšŒμ›'μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
We talk about professions in the same way: β€œI’m a teacher.”
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 같은 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 직업에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ . "λ‚˜λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
11:43
(NOT β€œI’m teacher”).
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(β€œμ €λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€β€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€).
11:45
A person’s profession says what category
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 직업은 κ·Έκ°€ μ–΄λ–€ 범주에
11:48
they belong to, or what type of person they are.
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속해 μžˆλŠ”μ§€, μ–΄λ–€ μœ ν˜•μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμΈμ§€λ₯Ό λ§ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
So, you need to have β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ before the
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 직업 μ•žμ— 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:54
profession.
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.
11:55
Similarly, β€œHe worked as a cashier for two
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ "κ·ΈλŠ” 2λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μΆœλ‚©μ›μœΌλ‘œ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:57
years.”
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."
11:59
So to mention a type or category, use β€˜a’ or β€˜an’.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜ λ²”μ£Όλ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
12:03
Alright, let’s now turn to rule number six.
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자, 이제 κ·œμΉ™ 6번으둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
12:07
This rule is about how to make generalizations.
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이 κ·œμΉ™μ€ μΌλ°˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법에 κ΄€ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:10
That is, how to talk generally about a whole group or class of
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즉, μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ 사물 의 전체 κ·Έλ£Ήμ΄λ‚˜ λΆ€λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 일반적으둜 λ§ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:15
people or things.
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.
12:17
So rule number six is generalize with plurals or
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ—¬μ„― 번째 κ·œμΉ™μ€ 관사 없이 λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄λ‚˜
12:21
uncountable nouns with no article.
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μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…μ‚¬λ‘œ μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
12:25
On the screen, there are six sentences.
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ν™”λ©΄μ—λŠ” 6개의 λ¬Έμž₯이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:27
I’d like you to find all the plural and uncountable
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볡수 λͺ…사와 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ”
12:30
nouns.
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λͺ…사λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ μ°ΎμœΌμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:31
Stop the video, do the exercise, then play the video
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μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  μš΄λ™μ„ ν•œ ν›„ μ˜μƒμ„
12:34
again and check.
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λ‹€μ‹œ μž¬μƒν•˜μ—¬ ν™•μΈν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
OK, in number one, there are two plurals: β€˜teachers’ and
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μ’‹μ•„μš”, 1λ²ˆμ—λŠ” 'ꡐ사'와
12:44
β€˜students’.
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'학생'μ΄λΌλŠ” 두 개의 λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
Here, we are not talking about any one teacher
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ ν•œ λͺ…μ˜ ꡐ사
12:48
or one student in particular.
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λ‚˜ ν•œ 학생에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:50
We’re saying that all teachers should be friendly to all
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ꡐ사가 λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΉœμ ˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:54
students.
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.
12:55
In number two, β€˜dolphins’ is a plural noun.
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두 번째둜 '돌고래'λŠ” 볡수 λͺ…μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:58
We’re using it to say, generally, that all
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 일반적으둜 λͺ¨λ“ 
13:01
dolphins are intelligent.
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λŒκ³ λž˜κ°€ μ§€λŠ₯적이라고 λ§ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:03
In number three, β€˜horror movies’
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μ„Έ 번째둜 '곡포 μ˜ν™”'λŠ”
13:05
is what I’m generalizing about.
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μ œκ°€ μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:08
I’m saying I hate all horror movies – not a particular one.
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λ‚˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • μ˜ν™”κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λͺ¨λ“  곡포 μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹«μ–΄ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:12
In sentence number four, β€˜coffee’ is an uncountable
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λ„€ 번째 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ 'coffee'λŠ” μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ”
13:16
noun, and we use no article before it because, again, we
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λͺ…사이며
13:19
want to ask if Pablo likes coffee in general.
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Pabloκ°€ 일반적으둜 컀피λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ 묻고 μ‹ΆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έ μ•žμ— 관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:24
Number five has two uncountable nouns in
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숫자 5λŠ”
13:26
β€˜exercise’ and β€˜health’.
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'μš΄λ™'κ³Ό '건강'에 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사가 두 개 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
We don’t use any articles before
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13:30
them because this is a general statement of fact or truth.
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이것은 μ‚¬μ‹€μ΄λ‚˜ 진싀에 λŒ€ν•œ 일반적인 μ§„μˆ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·Έ μ•žμ— μžˆλŠ” 관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:35
And finally, number six is the same
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬μ„― λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 같은
13:36
kind of sentence – it also has two uncountable nouns –
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μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ λ¬Έμž₯μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ”
13:40
β€˜education’ and β€˜life’.
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'ꡐ윑'κ³Ό 'μƒν™œ'μ΄λΌλŠ” 두 개의 μ…€ 수 μ—†λŠ” λͺ…사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:42
Now this is the common way of generalizing.
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이것이 일반적인 μΌλ°˜ν™” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ .
13:45
But there’s one another way of doing it.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:48
With countable nouns, you can
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μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜
13:50
generalize by using β€˜a’ or β€˜an’ with a singular countable noun
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'a' λ˜λŠ” 'an'을 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μˆ˜ λͺ…사와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
13:55
to mean every single one – that is every member of a group.
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그룹의 λͺ¨λ“  ꡬ성원을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:01
For example: β€œA teacher should be friendly to his or her
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예: β€œμ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ 학생듀 μ—κ²Œ μΉœμ ˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:04
students.”
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.”
14:05
It has the roughly same meaning as when we say
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ”
14:08
β€˜teachers’ but it’s slightly different because it’s like
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'ꡐ사'와 거의 같은 μ˜λ―Έμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
14:11
saying β€œEvery teacher should be friendly to his or her
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"λͺ¨λ“  κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” 학생 μ—κ²Œ μΉœμ ˆν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€
14:15
students.”
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"λŠ” 것과 μ•½κ°„ λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:16
Here’s one more example: β€œThe dolphin is a very
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여기에 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λŒκ³ λž˜λŠ” 맀우
14:20
intelligent animal.”
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μ§€λŠ₯적인 λ™λ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€."
14:21
Again, same meaning as saying
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
14:23
β€œDolphins” but we mean β€˜every dolphin’.
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"돌고래"라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같은 μ˜λ―Έμ΄μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'λͺ¨λ“  돌고래'λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:26
So remember that this form – generalizing with β€˜a’, β€˜an’ or
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 ν˜•μ‹ – 'a', 'an' λ˜λŠ”
14:30
β€˜the’ can only be used with singular countable nouns AND
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'the'둜 μΌλ°˜ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ…€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μˆ˜ λͺ…사 AND와
14:35
when we mean β€˜every single one’.
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'every single one'을 μ˜λ―Έν•  λ•Œλ§Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:37
So I cannot say β€œI don’t enjoy watching a horror movie
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ β€œ κ³΅ν¬μ˜ν™”
14:41
or the horror movie.”
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λ‚˜ κ³΅ν¬μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό 즐겨 보지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€β€κ³  말할 수 μ—†λ‹€.
14:43
Here, only the plural form is
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œλŠ” λ³΅μˆ˜ν˜•λ§Œ
14:45
possible.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:46
It’s the same thing with all the other sentences.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμž₯도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:49
OK, let’s now talk about rule number seven: and that is where
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자, 이제 κ·œμΉ™ 7λ²ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ
14:53
to use NO article.
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관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:56
This is very important and this is one place where mistakes are
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이것은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ©°
15:00
very common because there are many situations where you
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15:04
should NOT use an article.
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관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” 상황이 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ 맀우 ν”ν•œ κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:06
In a separate lesson we will focus
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λ³„λ„μ˜ μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ
15:08
on all of these situations but here’s a short list.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  상황에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”κ² μ§€λ§Œ 여기에 짧은 λͺ©λ‘μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ μž₯μ†Œμ˜ 이름과 같은 고유 λͺ…사
15:12
We use NO article in front of proper nouns – that is names of
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μ•žμ—λŠ” 관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:17
people or places.
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.
15:18
We don’t say β€˜a Steve’, β€˜the Priya’ etc.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 'a Steve', 'the Priya' 등을 λ§ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:20
We just say their names without
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 단지 'the' 없이 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이름을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:24
β€˜the’.
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.
15:25
It’s the same thing for places.
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μž₯μ†Œλ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:27
However, some place names have β€˜the’ as part of the name.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 일뢀 μ§€λͺ…μ—λŠ” 'the'κ°€ μ΄λ¦„μ˜ μΌλΆ€λ‘œ ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:32
Such as the United States, the
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λ―Έκ΅­,
15:34
United Kingdom and so on.
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영ꡭ λ“±.
15:36
With these, of course, you must use
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λ¬Όλ‘ 
15:38
β€˜the’.
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'the'λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
We also usually use no article with names of games and
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ˜ν•œ 일반적으둜 κ²Œμž„ 이름과
15:43
languages.
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μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 관사λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:45
Then there are many fixed expressions that have no
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그런 λ‹€μŒ 관사가 μ—†λŠ” λ§Žμ€ κ³ μ • ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:47
article – you have to learn these through experience and
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.
15:51
practice to use them correctly.
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이λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €λ©΄ κ²½ν—˜κ³Ό μ—°μŠ΅μ„ 톡해 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ„ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:53
You see some of these on the screen.
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이 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ . κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ
15:55
It’s a good idea for you to memorize as many of
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많이 μ•”κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:58
these as possible.
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.
16:00
Alright, if you’re ready, now it’s time for a quiz to see if
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자, μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ…¨λ‹€λ©΄ 이제 관사λ₯Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν€΄μ¦ˆ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:03
you can use articles correctly.
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.
16:06
On the screen, you see some sentences with blanks in them.
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화면에 곡백이 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμž₯이 ν‘œμ‹œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:10
In each blank, I want you to put β€˜a’, β€˜an’, β€˜the’ or β€˜no
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각 λΉˆμΉΈμ— 'a', 'an', 'the' λ˜λŠ” '
16:15
article’.
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관사 μ—†μŒ'을 μž…λ ₯ν•΄ μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
16:16
That symbol – a zero with a line through it is just
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κ·Έ 기호 – 선이 κ·Έμ–΄μ§„ 0은
16:20
to say β€˜no article’.
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'기사 μ—†μŒ'을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:21
OK, stop the video, try the exercise,
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λ„€, μ˜μƒμ„ λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  μš΄λ™μ„ 해보고
16:24
then play the video and check.
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μ˜μƒμ„ μž¬μƒν•΄μ„œ ν™•μΈν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
16:28
OK, here are the answers.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 여기에 닡변이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:33
You can stop the video and check
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16:34
them with your answers if you like.
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μ›ν•˜λŠ” 경우 λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μ€‘μ§€ν•˜κ³  λ‹΅λ³€μœΌλ‘œ 확인할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:36
In the comments section, let me know how you many got
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λŒ“κΈ€ μ„Ήμ…˜μ—μ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 정닡을 λ§žν˜”λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €μ£Όμ„Έμš”
16:39
correct.
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. 이 쀑
16:40
If you’re not sure about any of these, feel free
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ν™•μ‹€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것이 있으면
16:42
to ask me in the comments and I will help you out.
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λŒ“κΈ€λ‘œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. μ œκ°€ λ„μ™€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:46
Alright, I hope you enjoyed this lesson.
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μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 즐기셨기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€ .
16:48
If you liked this video, hit the like button.
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이 μ˜μƒμ΄ λ§ˆμŒμ— λ“œμ…¨λ‹€λ©΄ μ’‹μ•„μš” λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆŒλŸ¬μ£Όμ„Έμš”. ꡬ독 λ²„νŠΌμ„ ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ—¬ 이 채널을
16:51
Don’t forget to subscribe to this channel by clicking that
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κ΅¬λ…ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μžŠμ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
16:53
subscribe button.
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.
16:54
And I will see you in the next lesson
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그리고 κ³§ λ‹€μŒ κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œ λ΅™κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:56
soon.
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.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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