Learn and Practice the Impersonal Passive | Advanced Grammar

11,101 views ใƒป 2023-12-07

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:07
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. Do you know what a doppelgรคngerย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด์˜ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ํ”Œ๊ฐฑ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
00:13
is? Some words are fun to learn and use andย  this is one of them. I taught the meaning ofย ย 
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? ์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
00:20
doppelgรคnger in another video on foreignย  words used in English. A doppelgรคnger isย ย 
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์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์˜์ƒ์—์„œ doppelgรคnger์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋„ํ”Œ
00:27
your double. It's someone who looks a lot likeย  you or a lot like another person. Some viewersย ย 
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๊ฐฑ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ถ„์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๋“ค์€
00:35
have told me I look a lot like Winona Ryder.ย  I don't exactly think I'm her doppelgรคnger,ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„๋…ธ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ด๋”(Winona Ryder)์™€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋„ํ”Œ๊ฐฑ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
00:42
but I guess there are some similarities. You know,ย  dark hair, dark eyes, about the same age. Anotherย ย 
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ ์ด ์ข€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฒ€์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ, ๊ฒ€์€ ๋ˆˆ, ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
way to state that idea is like this: I've beenย  told that I look like Winona Ryder. What changed?
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ Winona Ryder์™€ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:02
I went from active to passive. The passive uses aย  form of BE + the past participle. Have been told.ย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์•กํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” BE + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
The focus isn't on who told me but on the factย  that I received these comments. The passive isย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„
01:21
a way to shift the focus from the doer to theย  receiver of the action. But now consider thisย ย 
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ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ์ด
01:29
variation: It's been said that Jennifer looks likeย  Winona Ryder. This is also passive, and again,ย ย 
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๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. Jennifer๋Š” Winona Ryder์™€ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
01:42
it's not important who said this, but there's aย  change. Here the subject is "it." The structure isย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” "it"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
01:50
IT + a passive reporting verb like "be said" andย  then a that -clause. A clause has a subject andย ย 
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IT + "be say"์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์™€ that ์ ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€
01:58
a verb. It's been said that Jennifer looks likeย  Winona Ryder. This sentence sounds objective. Someย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ๋Š” ์œ„๋…ธ๋‚˜ ๋ผ์ด๋”์™€ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
02:08
call this the impersonal passive. Whoever saysย  this or writes this is being neutral. Think howย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
this passive structure can serve you when youย  don't want to connect yourself to the source.ย ย 
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์†Œ์Šค์— ์ž์‹ ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ด ์ˆ˜๋™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:25
It's believed that doppelgรคngers are spirits,ย  like ghosts. I'm not saying I believe this.ย ย 
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๋„ํ”Œ๊ฐฑ์–ด๋Š” ์œ ๋ น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
I'm just reporting what some people believe. Theย  impersonal passive is a way to keep my distanceย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€
02:42
and separate myself from those who hold thatย  belief. In everyday conversation, you might say,ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ
02:51
"Some people think that.. Some people say that..."ย  The impersonal passive is similar in meaning butย ย 
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'์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:00
different in form. It is thought that... It isย  said that... Since this structure is passive,ย ย 
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€... ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ... ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:09
it's probably more typical of written English, butย  you'll hear plenty of examples in academic talks,ย ย 
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์— ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™์ˆ  ๊ฐ•์—ฐ,
03:16
news reports, and maybe in some documentaries.ย  You can go to YouGlish.com and do a search,ย ย 
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๋‰ด์Šค ๋ณด๋„ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. YouGlish.com์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
03:24
and you'll hear examples of the impersonalย  passive used in different contexts.
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๋น„์ธ์นญ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:31
The impersonal passive lets us reportย  information without including ourselvesย ย 
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๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:36
in the group that made that claim. Or weย  can report the information without namingย ย 
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. ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถœ์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:43
the source because we aren't sure. Also, we mayย  lack evidence, so we can't report the idea withย ย 
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ 100% ํ™•์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:52
100% conviction. We don't have proof. Considerย  these examples. Note the different reportingย ย 
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. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
04:01
verbs. It's often said that there's no use inย  worrying about the future. It's believed thatย ย 
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. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด๋„ ์†Œ์šฉ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ”ํžˆ๋“ค ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
opening an umbrella indoors is bad luck. It'sย  been argued that Japan has the healthiest diet.
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์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํŽด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ์šด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ณธ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹๋‹จ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Note we can use other verb tenses and verbย  forms. We don't have to stick to the simpleย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:34
present. At one point in history, it wasย  thought that the Sun revolved around theย ย 
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. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:40
Earth. It's been estimated that the Titanicย  might be completely gone by 2030. One day,ย ย 
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. 2030๋…„์—๋Š” ํƒ€์ดํƒ€๋‹‰ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š”
04:53
it might be said that YouTube was theย  greatest teaching tool of our time.
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YouTube๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ต์œก ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
Time for a quiz. Form the impersonal passive.
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ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:07
One.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜.
05:17
It's said that vinegar andย  baking soda can remove any stain.
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์‹์ดˆ์™€ ๋ฒ ์ดํ‚น ์†Œ๋‹ค๋กœ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Two.
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๋‘˜.
05:34
It's been suggested that taking a cold showerย  for 1 to 3 minutes has health benefits.
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1~3๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐฌ๋ฌผ ์ƒค์›Œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
Three.
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์‚ผ.
05:53
At one point, it was commonlyย  believed that the world wasย 
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ํ•œ๋•Œ ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:56
flat.
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.
05:59
Now let me read a short text. Can you spot a newย  form of the impersonal passive? There are manyย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์งง์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:08
beautiful cities around the world including Kyoto,ย  Prague, and Sydney. But Venice is often said to beย ย 
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๊ตํ† , ํ”„๋ผํ•˜, ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋“ฑ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ
06:18
the most beautiful of all. Do you see it? Veniceย  is often said... Said to be what? Our subject isย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”? ๋ฒ ๋„ค์น˜์•„๋Š” ์ข…์ข…... ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋˜๊ฐ€์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
06:35
Venice. Then the reporting verb is followedย  by an infinitive, not a that-clause. This isย ย 
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๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” that์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
06:45
also a form of the impersonal passive. I'm notย  agreeing with the claim. Maybe personally I feelย ย 
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๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:52
that Kyoto is more beautiful, but I'm objectivelyย  stating the belief I'm reporting it. It's time forย ย 
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๊ตํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
another quiz. Form the impersonal passive.ย  Use subject + reporting verb + infinitive.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์ฃผ์ œ + ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
07:12
One.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜.
07:23
Turmeric is considered to be helpful for digestionย  and other bodily functions. A little note onย ย 
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๊ฐ•ํ™ฉ์€ ์†Œํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:30
pronunciation. I've heard different pronunciationsย  of this spice: "too me rik"..."ter me rik."
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. ์ด ํ–ฅ์‹ ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 'too me rik'...'ter me rik'๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Two.
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๋‘˜.
07:49
Briefly in the 1800s, there were milk injections!ย  Milk was thought to be a substitute for blood.
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1800๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ž ์‹œ ์šฐ์œ  ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค! ์šฐ์œ ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
Three.
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์‚ผ.
08:11
The Phoenix Lights in 1997 wereย  believed to be extraterrestrialย 
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1997๋…„์˜ ํ”ผ๋‹‰์Šค ๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:16
aircraft.
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.
08:21
How did you do? Here's a bonus challenge. Readย  these next examples. Identify the full infinitiveย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ์ฑŒ๋ฆฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์™„์ „ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌย ย  ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
08:28
phrase. Ready? The legend has been told a thousandย  times, and the jewel is said to have been lostย ย 
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. ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ? ์ „์„ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๋ณด์„์€
08:37
forever in the sea. The art thieves are believedย  to be looking for buyers on the black market.ย ย 
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์†์—์„œ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ’ˆ ๋„๋‘‘๋“ค์€ ์•”์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
What do these examples tell us? They remind usย  that infinitives have perfect and progressiveย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:05
forms. See my full lesson on infinitivesย  to review the different forms and uses.
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. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
09:15
Little by little, lesson by lesson, youย  can master English grammar. After all,ย ย 
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ, ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์”ฉ ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ
09:21
grammar is said to be the foundation ofย  language, so build it well. That's allย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์ž˜ ์Œ“์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:28
for now. Please like and share the videoย  if you found the lesson useful. And pleaseย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:33
join as a member to support my channelย  and study beyond my videos. As always,ย ย 
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ํšŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ง€์› ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์˜์ƒ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ,ย ย  ์‹œ์ฒญ
09:39
thanks for watching and happy studies!ย  Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, X,ย ย 
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! Instagram, Facebook, X,ย ย  ๋ฐ Patreon์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”
09:46
and Patreon. And don't forget to subscribeย  here on YouTube. Turn on those notifications.
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. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ YouTube์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ํ•ด๋‹น ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ์ผœ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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