Types of Clauses: Advanced English Grammar with JenniferESL

188,749 views ใƒป 2018-03-16

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:06
Have you ever played this game with wooden blocks?
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ธ”๋ก์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:09
My children and I like playing it sometimes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
Itโ€™s all about achieving balance and thinking about placement.
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๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
If you fit the blocks together with care, they keep building upwards.
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๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
But if you rush and get careless, the tower is more likely to fall.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ‘์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์งˆ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
This reminds me a bit of grammar and how we fit words together into sentences.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
Do it with care and you can build effective sentences.
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์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
If you rush and get sloppy, however, things can fall apart and communication isnโ€™t so successful.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋‘๋ฅด๊ณ  ์—‰์„ฑํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Thatโ€™s why I think it will be helpful for us to review the kinds of clauses we have in English.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Understanding clauses will help you build sentences. If you can build a variety of sentences,
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์ ˆ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:20
then you can accomplish even larger tasks, such as writing clear email or putting together a solid essay or report.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ž‘์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•œ ์—์„ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ํฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
If you agree that grammar is a helpful tool to master, then be sure you're subscribed to my channel so that you get all my future grammar lessons.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์…”์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ €์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ์„ธ์š”.
01:42
Well, letโ€™s begin!
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž!
01:53
There are two basic kinds of clauses: independent and dependent clauses.
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์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
Both kinds have a subject and a verb. But independent clauses can stand alone and make sense. Dependent clauses canโ€™t.
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๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Can you identify which clauses are independent?
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ˆ์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ์ง€ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:26
These are independent clauses. They can stand alone and form simple sentences.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ผ์ž ์„œ์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
The other clauses are dependent clauses. They fall into the category of fragments.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํŒŒํŽธ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์— ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Each dependent clause is only part of a sentence.
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๊ฐ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
We have to put a dependent clause together with independent clauses to form a sentence.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Now these are complete ideas and they make sense.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Independent clauses can follow different patterns, but they all have a subject and a verb
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
If youโ€™d like to study patterns like subject-verb, subject-verb-object, and subject-verb-complement,
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์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ-๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ์ฃผ์–ด-๋™์‚ฌ-๋ณด์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:27
then you can click to watch my lesson on sentence patterns.
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ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:33
There are three different types of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ, ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ.
03:46
All three types of dependent clauses must combine with a main clause or independent clause to form a complete sentence.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฃผ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
When we put a dependent clause together with an independent clause, we get a complex sentence.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
We can put dependent and independent clauses together in various combinations to get:
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์ข…์†์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:13
compound sentences,
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ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌธ,
04:17
complex sentences,
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๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ,
04:21
and even complex-compound sentences.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
It helps to be familiar with these combinations because then you can achieve variety in your writing.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
If youโ€™d like to review simple, compound, complex, and complex-compound sentences, check out the video description.
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๋‹จ์ˆœ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ, ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
04:47
I'm going to include some useful links. There will be a link to my website, and there's a page with useful videos to improve your writing.
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์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ธ€์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
Letโ€™s talk about noun clauses first.
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๋จผ์ € ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:01
One kind of noun clause is an embedded question or wh- clause.
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ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋˜๋Š” wh-์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
These noun clauses start with a question word and, of course, they have a subject and verb.
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์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์˜๋ฌธ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
As a whole unit, a noun clause functions like a noun.
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์ „์ฒด ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ์„œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
That means that an embedded question can be a subject,
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์ฆ‰, ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฃผ์–ด,
05:28
an object of a verb,
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๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด,
05:35
an object of a preposition,
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด,
05:39
and even a complement.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
If you need to review embedded questions, then click on the link. Iโ€™ll also put links to related lessons in the video description.
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ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋งํฌ๋„ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Another type of noun clause is a "that" clause.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ "that" ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
We commonly use "that" clauses as objects of verbs, and when we do, we often omit the word โ€œthat.โ€
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ "that" ์ ˆ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ "that"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Check out these examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:34
We see that clauses after reporting verbs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ ์ ˆ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
We also see "that" clauses subject and adjective complements.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ "๊ทธ" ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ฐ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ณด์™„์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:48
Here are more examples.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
Okay. Onward to adjective clauses.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Hopefully, youโ€™ve seen my series on this topic, so you know how to form adjective clauses and where to place them.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ฑด๋Œ€, ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Just like noun clauses function like nouns, well, adjective clauses basically function like adjectives.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
They describe or modify nouns or pronouns.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
The big difference is position.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
Single-word adjectives can appear before a noun or after a linking verb.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
But an adjective clause has to follow the head noun as closely as possible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Recall that there are two types of adjective clauses. Identifying and non-identifying.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋น„์‹๋ณ„.
08:19
Identifying clauses, also known as restrictive clauses, are necessary.
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์ œํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ณ„ ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
We need them to identify the head noun. We use no commas with these identifying or restrictive clauses.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์—๋Š” ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Non-identifying clauses (or non-restrictive clauses) give additional information that could be left out,
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๋น„์‹๋ณ„ ์ ˆ(๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ œํ•œ ์ ˆ)์€ ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
08:45
and we set them off with commas when we write them or we drop our pitch when we say them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ํ”ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
Note that adjective clauses are also called relative clauses. And we use use relative pronouns and relative adverbs to build them.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
I know Iโ€™m using a lot of terminology right now, but I think you can follow along, especially with the help of all the examples, right?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜ˆ์ œ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
Okay. Letโ€™s move on to the final type of dependent clause.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ข…์†์ ˆ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
09:25
Adverb clauses, or as some say, adverbial clauses, allow us to add information about things like time and reason.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ด์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Adverb clauses answer questions just like adverbs: How? How much? Why? When? Where?
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ? ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด? ์™œ? ์–ธ์ œ? ์–ด๋””?
09:47
Remember, all this additional information doesnโ€™t make sense alone. An adverb clause is a fragment until it combines with a main clause.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ฃผ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋‹จํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Another term you may hear when people talk about a dependent clause is a subordinate clause.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ข…์†์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ข…์†์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
It's the same thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
10:08
The prefix โ€œsubโ€ means below or or under.
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์ ‘๋‘์‚ฌ "sub"๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
A subordinate clause must hook up with a main clause (an independent clause) to make sense.
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์ข…์†์ ˆ์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ ˆ(๋…๋ฆฝ์ ˆ)๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
Adverb clauses are examples of subordinate clauses.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ์ข…์†์ ˆ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
They have subordinating conjunctions. Those are connecting words like after, before, because, if.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ after, before, because, if์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Here are different types of adverb clauses.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
This is not meant to be a complete list of all subordinating conjunctions, but I'll show you a good variety.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
Here are more subordinating conjunctions to form adverb clauses.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์† ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Remember this is not a complete list.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:15
Adverb clauses have some flexibility within a sentence.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
They can come before or after the main clause.
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์ฃผ์ ˆ ์•ž์ด๋‚˜ ๋’ค์— ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
If the adverb clause is first, we use a comma to separate the two clauses.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
If the adverb clause is second, we usually write the sentence without a comma between the two clauses.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‘ ์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‰ผํ‘œ ์—†์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
Something adverb and adjective clauses have in common is that they both can be reduced to phrases.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ๊ณผ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์€ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
If youโ€™d like some practice reducing adverb clauses, click on the link to my other lesson. Iโ€™ll also put the link in the video description.
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๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋„ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‘˜๊ฒŒ์š”.
13:05
Okay. Letโ€™s see how well you followed. Take a short quiz to review.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์งง์€ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
14:28
Note how there's a pause, and I drop my pitch slightly when I say that nonrestrictive clause.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๋น„์ œํ•œ์  ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์Œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
So how did you do? I hope you found it helpful to study grammar with me.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ? ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
Please like this video if you think itโ€™s important to develop your grammar skills.
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:13
Thatโ€™s all for now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ
15:15
Thanks for watching and happy studies!
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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