English Articles - A, An, The, Zero Article - 5 Common Mistakes

17,613 views ใƒป 2021-07-22

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from Englishย  with Jennifer. If you didn't know before,ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์— ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:06
I'll tell you now that I love grammar. I thinkย  it's because I like organization in my life,ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ข‹์•„
00:12
and knowing that language makes use ofย  structures is very comforting to someone like me.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„์•ˆ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Word order, for example, tells us that words fitย  together neatly, logically, and predictably. Butย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์–ด์ˆœ์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊น”๋”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:26
even if you don't share my love for grammar,ย  you still probably appreciate patterns.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Patterns are all around us. There are patternsย  in the clothes we wear, like plaid or stripes. Orย ย 
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ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์—๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ž ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๋‚˜ ์ค„๋ฌด๋Šฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š”
00:39
how about patterns in music? Think of a song thatย  you like. It has patterns of musical notes and anย ย 
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์Œ์•…์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š” . ์Œํ‘œ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ
00:47
underlying rhythm. The balance between repetitionย  and variation is what makes it enjoyable andย ย 
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
interesting. Another example is fiction. Think ofย  good books and movies. The stories hold togetherย ย 
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. ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์ฑ…๊ณผ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
01:04
because they follow a pattern. First, we learnย  the setting and the characters. Then a conflictย ย 
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ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด
01:10
develops. Drama increases until we reachย  a climax, and then we enjoy a resolution.
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š” ํด๋ผ์ด๋งฅ์Šค์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์ฆ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Patterns. That's all grammar is. Grammarย ย 
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ํŒจํ„ด. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ „๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์€
01:22
is made up of language patternsย  that we can follow and predict.ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
Once you learn these patterns, you can becomeย  more accurate and confident in your communication.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
So, let's go over someย  common mistakes with articles.ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
These are mistakes people make whenย  they don't follow the usual patterns.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
Are you looking for a job?ย  There's a opening at my company.
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๊ณต์„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Which article is incorrect?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
02:03
The second one. Right? I need to say "an opening"ย  because "opening" begins with a vowel sound.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? "์—ด๋ฆผ"์€ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "์—ด๋ฆผ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
We use A before consonant sound. We use ANย  before a vowel sound. Notice I said vowel sound,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์— AN์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
02:23
not letter. "University" begins with theย  letter "u," but I pronounce that with a /y/ย ย 
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. "University"๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž 'u'๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ /y/ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:31
sound. University. So, I say "a university"ย  not "an university." A university.
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. ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” '๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต'๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ '๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต.
02:44
Take a look at this list. Whichย  article do we need in each phrase?
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:56
a unit
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์œ ๋‹›
03:00
an Uber driver, an honest person
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Uber ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ฒ„, ์ •์งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
03:09
a horrible person
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
03:14
an equal opportunity, a European city
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ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋„์‹œ
03:24
And your bonus phrase: an herbal supplement.ย  Notice I choose AN because I don't pronounceย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ: ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ.
03:32
the "h" in "herbal." I speak American English.ย  Someone outside the US might pronounce the "h,"ย ย 
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"herbal"์—์„œ "h"๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— AN์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์‹ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ด์™ธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ "h"๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
in which case they'd choose A.ย  I say "an herbal supplement."
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ A๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” "ํ—ˆ๋ธŒ ๋ณด์กฐ์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Do you go to the office every day?
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:53
Did you hear the mistake? Listen again.ย  Do you go to the office every day?
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์ž˜๋ชป ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด? ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:02
I said "thuh." I should say "thee." Theย  office. Do you go to the office every day?
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๋‚˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋ž˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” "๊ทธ๋Œ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ• 
04:12
Here's a pronunciation pattern you need toย  remember: We say "thuh" before a consonant sound.ย ย 
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๋ฐœ์Œ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž์Œ ์•ž์—์„œ 'thuh'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
We say "thee" before a vowel sound.ย  Office begins with /ษ”/, a vowel sound, soย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ „์— "thee"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Office๋Š” ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ /ษ”/๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:28
"the office." And I link the two words with theย  help of /y/ a "y" sound. The office. The office.
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"the office." ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  /y/ "y" ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค.
04:40
I'll put a link to my lesson on linkingย  vowel sounds in the video description.
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
How do we say these phrases? The one and only.
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์ด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์œ ์ผ.
05:01
the opportunity of a lifetime
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์ผ์ƒ์ผ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ
05:07
the ultimate sacrifice the unity needed
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๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํฌ์ƒ ๋‹จํ•ฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
05:16
the entire population
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์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์œ ๋กœ
05:21
the Euro
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05:26
When I worked in the cruise lineย  industry, I visited Bahamas weekly.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋žŒ์„  ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋งค์ฃผ ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Do you see the mistake? Is it in theย  first or second half of the sentence?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”, ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:43
The second. I need to say "the Bahamas" becauseย  it's an island nation, a group of islands. Mostย ย 
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ. ์„ฌ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์„ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
05:51
countries don't require an article, but here'sย  a pattern you can follow: If the country is aย ย 
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
05:57
union of some kind, then use the definite article,ย  like the United States and all of its short forms.ย ย 
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์งง์€ ํ˜•์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
The USA. The US. The States. But don't use theย  before "America." If you have a geographicalย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 'America' ์•ž์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
06:13
name with UNION, UNITED, STATES, REPUBLIC,ย  ISLANDS, then you'll need the definite article.
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UNION, UNITED, STATES, REPUBLIC, ISLANDS๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ง€๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Take a look at this list.ย  Where are articles needed?
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์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:38
The UK or the United Kingdom,
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์˜๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ,
06:44
the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines,ย ย 
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ํ•˜์™€์ด ์ œ๋„, ํ•„๋ฆฌํ•€,
06:50
like the Bahamas -- an island nation. Noticeย  how both end in -s. They sound plural. Right?
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๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฌ๋‚˜๋ผ. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค -s๋กœ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ?
07:00
the former Soviet Union
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๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ จ
07:05
People often ask for anย  advice about learning English.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
Do you see the mistake? Is advice countable?ย  No, so we can't use the indefinite article.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
You can ask for advice.ย ย 
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์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Pattern. The indefinite article A or AN canย  only be used before a singular countable noun.
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๋ฌด๋Šฌ. ๋ถ€์ • ๊ด€์‚ฌ A ๋˜๋Š” AN์€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์—๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Don't say "an advice" or "advices." Say: aย  piece of advice, some advice, a lot of advice.
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"์กฐ์–ธ" ๋˜๋Š” "์กฐ์–ธ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ง: ์กฐ์–ธ, ์กฐ์–ธ, ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ์–ธ.
07:55
Likewise, don't say "a homework."ย ย 
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ "์ˆ™์ œ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
07:58
Say: a homework assignment, a homework task,ย  or simply homework. That's an uncountable noun.
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๋ง: ์ˆ™์ œ, ์ˆ™์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆ™์ œ. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
We often use "stress" as an uncountableย  noun. It's an idea, something abstract,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… '์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค'๋ฅผ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„์ด๋””์–ด, ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ
08:16
so don't say something causes "a stress."ย  It simply causes stress. You have stress,ย ย 
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๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ '์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค'๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:24
suffer from stress, experience stress. Don'tย  stick the indefinite article in those phrases.
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์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ , ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์— ๋ถ€์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
08:35
Which indefinite articles should be removed?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:53
We only need two of those indefinite articles.
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๋ถ€์ • ๊ด€์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Parents can reward good behavior.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
You need to have confidence to succeed.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Some people place too much value on money.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ˆ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
There's a clock on the wall. Aย  mistake isn't the end of the world.
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๋ฒฝ์— ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
There's always traffic in the city.
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๋„์‹œ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ตํ†ต ์ฒด์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
When students are at the school,ย  they must turn their cell phones off.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊บผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Where's the mistake?
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:48
We don't need that article. We sayย  "at school" as a common location.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜๋Š” 'ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Pattern: At school, at work, at home -- are threeย  common locations that don't require any article.ย ย 
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ํŒจํ„ด: ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ, ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ, ์ง‘์—์„œ -- ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต ์œ„์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Where's Mom? At work. Where's Grandpa? Atย  home. Where are the children? At school.
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์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์žˆ์–ด? ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋”” ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”? ์ง‘์—์„œ. ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ.
10:15
Other common places around town use the article:ย ย 
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๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
at the bank, at the pharmacy, at theย  grocery store, at the gas station.
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ, ์•ฝ๊ตญ์—์„œ, ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์—์„œ, ์ฃผ์œ ์†Œ์—์„œ.
10:29
These places are specificย  from context. When I say,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€
10:33
"My neighbor is at the bank," I mean the bank inย  our town, the bank my neighbor usually goes to.
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"๋‚ด ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์€ํ–‰์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋™๋„ค ์€ํ–‰, ๋‚ด ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Where are articles needed?
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:52
I don't know anyone in prison. Do you?
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€?
10:58
Leah is still in high school.ย  Her sister is in college.
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๋ ˆ์•„๋Š” ์•„์ง ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฌ๋™์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
I live in Boston. I live in the suburbs.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ต์™ธ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค.
11:12
Nathan is at the dentist's.
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Nathan์€ ์น˜๊ณผ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
Learn this pattern: Jail, school,ย  college -- are examples of institutions.ย ย 
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์ด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค: ๊ฐ์˜ฅ, ํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
We use the zero article before theseย  nouns. Someone can be in jail, in prison,ย ย 
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์—๋Š” ๊ด€์‚ฌ 0์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ, ๊ต๋„์†Œ,
11:31
in court, in high school, in graduate school,ย  in business school, in medical school, etc.ย ย 
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๋ฒ•์ •, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต, ๋Œ€ํ•™์› , ๊ฒฝ์˜๋Œ€ํ•™์›, ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋“ฑ์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
Do you know the pattern with types of places?ย  Places where people live. We use the definiteย ย 
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์žฅ์†Œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
11:49
article, so people can live in the city, theย  suburbs, the countryside, in the mountains.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ, ๊ต์™ธ, ์‹œ๊ณจ, ์‚ฐ์— ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
The dentist's is the dentist's office. It's aย  place around town, so we use the definite article.
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์น˜๊ณผ๋Š” ์น˜๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋‚ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๊ด€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Now I'm going to give you a longerย  quiz on other common uses of theย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ด€์‚ฌ ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๊ธด ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:13
indefinite and indefinite articles. Tellย  me your score when you're done. Okay?
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. ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ข‹์•„์š”?
14:23
So, how did you do? You can gain more practiceย  by going back and answering the questions in theย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ˆ? ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:30
quiz. You can learn and reinforceย  grammar patterns through practice.ย ย 
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. ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
We'll end here. Remember I have other lessonsย  on articles as well as countable and uncountableย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ด€์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”
14:43
nouns. I'll put all useful links in the videoย  description. That's all for now. Please likeย ย 
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. ๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
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the video if you found the lesson useful. Asย  always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์— ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”! 1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค๋‹ฌ
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I'd like to say a special thank you to aย  Kind-Hearted Patron who pledged two dollarsย ย 
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2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ํ›„์›์ž๋‹˜๊ป˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ง์”€์„ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
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a month for one year. Thank you, Jing! Followย  me on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. I inviteย ย 
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. ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์ง•! Facebook, Twitter, Instagram์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
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intermediate and advanced students to join meย  on Patreon. And subscribe to me on YouTube!
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์ค‘๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ•™์ƒ์„ Patreon์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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