What to Know about Infinitives: English Grammar with Jennifer

8,168 views ใƒป 2022-03-04

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:01
Hi everyone. I'm Jennifer from English withย  Jennifer. Is there someone you look up to?ย ย 
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„. ์ €๋Š” Jennifer์™€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์˜จ Jennifer์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:07
Is there someone you admire? It's easyย  to admire big names in history, likeย ย 
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์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋น„ํ–‰์‚ฌ์ธ Amelia Earhart์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ
00:14
Amelia Earhart, the American aviator, butย  how about everyday people? People you know?
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค?
00:23
One person who inspires me is my 93-year-oldย  cousin Gina. She lives in my home state ofย ย 
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ 93์„ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ง€๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์‚ด๊ณ 
00:30
Pennsylvania, and I can only hope to liveย  to 93 and have her energy and mental health.ย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” 93์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ํ™œ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Gina's mother and my grandmother were sisters.ย  That makes Gina and my mother first cousins,ย ย 
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์ง€๋‚˜์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ž๋งค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ Gina์™€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” 1์‚ฌ์ดŒ
00:46
and Gina's daughter and I are second cousins.ย  If that's too much to grasp at this moment,ย ย 
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์ด๊ณ  Gina์˜ ๋”ธ๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋Š” 2์ดŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:52
you can watch my other lesson on extended family.ย  Right now, we're going to focus on infinitives,ย ย 
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ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
and my amazing cousin Gina will help by supplyingย  us with plenty of examples. Let's get started!
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ธ Gina๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž!
01:14
An infinitive is a verb form. It uses TO +ย  the base verb. Take a look at these sentences.ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TO + ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:23
It's easy to admire big names inย  history. I look up to my cousin Gina.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ Gina๋ฅผ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
I can only hope to live to 93.
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๋‚˜๋Š” 93์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
How many infinitives do you see?
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
01:47
There are two: to admire, to live.
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
01:53
I'm actually using infinitive phrases: infinitivesย ย 
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ
01:57
plus other words. To admire bigย  names in history. To live to 93.
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+ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด . To live to 93.
02:07
The phrase "to 93" is a prepositionalย  phrase: a preposition + an object.
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๊ตฌ "to 93"์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค : ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด.
02:16
"Look up to" is a phrasal verb. LOOK is theย  verb. UP TO are the particles. Look up to whom?
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"Look up to"๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. LOOK์€ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. UP TO๋Š” ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด?
02:26
Be careful not to confuseย  prepositions and particlesย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ
02:30
with infinitives. They all use theย  word TO, but for different purposes.
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์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ TO๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Let's try the same task, but with differentย  sentences. Can you identify the infinitives?
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค . ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:07
Here are the infinitives. Again,ย  there are two: to age, to hear.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
How are these infinitives orย  infinitive phrases being used?
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์ด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋‚˜์š”?
03:22
Sentence one uses a linking verb, IS,ย  and the infinitive follows. That meansย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 1์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ IS๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
03:28
the sentence pattern is: subject + verb +ย  complement. "To age" is a subject complement.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ณด์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "To age"๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์™„์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
The alternative is to age with difficulty.
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
The alternative is to age with a bad attitude.
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๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๋‚˜์œ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
My hope is to live as long and as well as Gina.
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์ œ ํฌ๋ง์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Subject complements define the subject.ย  What is the alternative? What is your hope?ย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์™„์€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:02
The infinitives, the subjectย  complements, answer those questions.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ, ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ณด์™„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
In sentence three, we have the transitive verb,ย  LIKE, and the infinitive follows. Like what?ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ 3์—๋Š” ํƒ€๋™์‚ฌ LIKE๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ?
04:17
That means the sentence pattern is: subject + verbย  + object. "To hear" is the object of the verb.ย ย 
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฌธ์žฅ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ฃผ์–ด + ๋™์‚ฌ + ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋“ฃ๋‹ค"๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
What would you like to do? To hear.
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋“ฃ๋‹ค.
04:29
I hope you recognize that in sentence twoย  we had a preposition followed by a gerund,ย ย 
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2๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
not an infinitive. Gerundsย  end in -ing. Reaction to what?ย ย 
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. ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” -ing๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘?
04:41
Reaction to hearing. "Hearing" (the gerund)ย  is the object of the preposition TO.
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์ฒญ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘. "Hearing"(๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ)์€ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ TO์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
There are different noun + prepositionย  combinations. I present some of them inย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ + ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ
04:55
my playlist on prepositions. If you haveย  familiarity with collocations that use TO,ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด ์žฌ์ƒ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. TO๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:02
you won't confuse prepositions with infinitives.ย  The noun + preposition TO collocations include:ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ + ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ TO ์—ฐ์–ด์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
a reaction to something, an alternativeย  to something, the key to something.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ด์‡ .
05:21
There are also adjective + prepositionย  combinations. Become familiar with them,ย ย 
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ + ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
05:26
and you won't confuse prepositionsย  with infinitives. Examples include:ย ย 
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์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
be dedicated to someone or something, be opposedย  to something, be related to someone or something.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋‹ค.
05:46
Let's see if you can spot the difference betweenย  verb + preposition combinations and infinitives.
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๋™์‚ฌ + ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:56
Some people may not want to confess toย  wearing hand-me-downs, but I'm okay with that.ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์˜ท์„ ์ž…๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
I have some wonderful pieces ofย  clothing from my cousin Gina.
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์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ Gina์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์˜ท์ด ๋ช‡ ๋ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Where's the infinitive?
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:15
To confess.
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๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
06:18
And the prepositional phrase with TO?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋Š” TO?
06:23
To wearing.
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์ž…๊ณ .
06:27
Gina admits to being sad sometimes, butย  she's always able to regain her optimism.
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Gina๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์Šฌํ”„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋‚™์ฒœ์„ฑ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Again, find the infinitive and findย  a combination with TO + a gerund.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  TO + ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
06:46
Here's the infinitive: to regain.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค.
06:51
And the prepositional phrase? To being.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ? ์กด์žฌ์—.
06:57
So, we've learned not to confuse infinitivesย  with prepositions, and we've seen infinitivesย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด
07:03
used as subject complements and directย  objects. What other uses are there?
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๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์šฉ๋„๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:11
Look again at this sentence. She'sย  always able to regain her optimism.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚™์ฒœ์„ฑ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
"Able" is an adjective. Manyย  adjectives combine with infinitives.ย ย 
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"๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค"๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
Infinitives can be adjectiveย  complements: they define the adjective.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋ณด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Gina isn't afraid to speak her mind.
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Gina๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
Gina is physically active,ย  but she's careful not to fall.
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Gina๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™์  ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„˜์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
Anyone who meets my cousin is certainย  to receive a friendly greeting.
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
It's easy to talk to Gina about almost anything.ย  Gina is likely to be famous after this video.ย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Gina์™€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜์ƒ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์กŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
I'm proud to tell you that Gina is aย  talented musician. I'm lucky to know her.ย ย 
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Gina๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋Šฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฎค์ง€์…˜์ž„์„ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
I'm unable to visit her often. I'm willingย  to travel to see her and my other cousins.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
Look back at this example andย  you'll see a negative infinitive.ย ย 
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
She's careful not to fall. Use "not" before an infinitive to make it negative.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„˜์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์•ž์— "not"์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
How would you complete theseย  sentences with negative infinitives?
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๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:48
I think a good way to stay healthy is not toย  isolate yourself. We need to stay connected.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And I think a wise choice is not to overeat.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
My cousin Gina stays connected. She finds time toย  take walks, and she greets people along the way.ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์‚ฌ์ดŒ Gina๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
She also knows it's important to keep herย  mind active, so she's been taking organย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ™œ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:15
lessons. She already plays the accordion,ย  but now she's learning to play the organ.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
Find time to take walks. This is an example ofย  a noun followed by an infinitive. Here are otherย ย 
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์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐพ์œผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€
09:31
nouns that are followed by infinitives. The nounsย  appear in different positions within the sentence,ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:38
but the infinitives always complete theย  meaning of the noun that they follow.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Gina has the ability to see the positiveย  side. I'm happy that I've had the chance toย ย 
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์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:52
play the accordion with Gina. Her consciousย  choice to stay active keeps her mind sharp.
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Gina์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜
10:02
My desire to follow her exampleย  is genuine. There's always anย ย 
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๋ชจ๋ฒ”์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์ง„์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
opportunity to learn from our elders.
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์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Gina has always had a good memory. In fact,ย  she plays most songs from memory. In contrast,ย ย 
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Gina๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
10:31
I need to read music. I have troubleย  memorizing. For Gina, it's easy to memorize.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์•…๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Gina์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Let's pause for a moment and think about how myย  last sentence could be reworded. For Gina, it'sย ย 
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์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ๋‚ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. Gina์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
10:47
easy to memorize. I could place "For Gina" afterย  the adjective. It's easy for Gina to memorize.ย ย 
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์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— 'For Gina'๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
What's the true subject of the sentence?ย  It's not IT. IT is a placeholder.ย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? IT๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IT๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ์‹œ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
I could say, "To memorize is easy for Gina," butย  it doesn't sound like everyday English, does it?ย ย 
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์ง€๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•”๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ ?
11:15
That's because infinitives can be subjects,ย  but then the sentence sounds quite formal.ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
A more common pattern is to putย  IT at the front of the sentenceย ย 
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๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํŒจํ„ด์€ IT๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์•ž์— ๋†“๊ณ 
11:28
and then have an infinitive follow an adjective:ย  it's easy for Gina to play without reading music.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Gina๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
It's fun to spend time with my cousin. It'sย  nice to catch up with her over the phone.
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์‚ฌ์ดŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
How would you finish these sentences?ย  Put your answers in the comments.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
12:04
To recap so far, we've seen how infinitives can beย  subjects, direct objects, and subject complementsย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด , ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์–ด ๋ณด์™„์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:12
following a linking verb. We'veย  also seen how infinitives can followย ย 
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. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
12:17
nouns and adjectives, which are otherย  ways infinitives function as complements.ย ย 
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๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์™„ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Infinitives are also used in combination withย  TOO and ENOUGH. Remember how I talked aboutย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” TOO ๋ฐ ENOUGH์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 1์‚ฌ์ดŒ๊ณผ 2์‚ฌ์ดŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
12:33
first and second cousins? Gina, by the way,ย  is my first cousin once removed. Like I said,ย ย 
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? ๊ทธ๋‚˜์ €๋‚˜ Gina๋Š” ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ํ›„ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
12:40
if that's too much to grasp at this moment, youย  can watch my other lesson on extended family.ย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
You'll remember that TOO has a negative meaning.ย  There's more than you want, and that's a problem:ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ TOO๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
12:55
too much information to grasp,ย  too confusing to understand.
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์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
ENOUGH is positive. Theย  amount or degree is all right.
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ENOUGH๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
Clear enough to understand.
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์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
So, the infinitives complete the meaningย  of these phrases with TOO and ENOUGH.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” TOO ๋ฐ ENOUGH๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์™„์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
Isn't it amazing how many ways we use infinitives?ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋†€๋ž์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
13:27
Well, if you've watched my lesson on noun clauses,ย  you'll know that we can reduce or shorten embeddedย ย 
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์Œ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
questions with the help of infinitives -- ifย  they express the meaning of "should" or "could."
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด "should" ๋˜๋Š” "could"์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
Gina and my grandfather taught me how toย  play a couple of songs on the accordion.
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Gina์™€ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๊ณก์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
Gina always knows where to goย  to buy good clothes on sale.
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Gina๋Š” ์„ธ์ผ ์ค‘์ธ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ท์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
Here's a final use of infinitives.ย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
I'm willing to travel 500 miles to see Ginaย  and her daughter (my second cousin, Diane).
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Gina ์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋”ธ(๋‚ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ Diane)์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 500๋งˆ์ผ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
So, we already talked about adjective +ย  infinitive combinations like "willing to travel."ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ "will to travel."๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ + ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
The other infinitive is "to see." I'mย  explaining why I'm willing to travel.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” "to see"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
What would be the purpose of traveling?ย  To see Gina and my second cousin, Diane.ย ย 
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์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? Gina์™€ ๋‚˜์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ Diane์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด.
14:35
What I'm really saying is that I'm willingย  to travel in order to see my cousins.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ดŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐˆ ์šฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
This is an example of an infinitive of purpose.ย  We use "in order to" when we explain a reason.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ๋•Œ "~ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด"๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
We can use the full form "in order to visit"ย ย 
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"๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด"
14:55
or simply "to visit" (the infinitive),ย  and the purpose is understood.
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ "๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด"(๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
Complete my sentences with infinitives of purpose.
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๋ชฉ์  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:19
At some point, you may wonder how toย  choose between infinitives and gerundsย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š”
15:24
because they both can be used asย  subjects, direct objects, and complements.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์–ด, ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด ๋ฐ ๋ณด์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
Well, remember that gerunds are moreย  common as subjects, and as you've seen,ย ย 
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
15:38
infinitives can express a purpose. And inย  general, infinitives can express intention.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
My dream is to travel around the world.
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์ œ ๊ฟˆ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
My hope is to learn another language.
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๋‚ด ํฌ๋ง์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
And as mentioned, there are manyย  combinations with infinitives.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
This is how vocabulary and grammar work together.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ดํœ˜์™€ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
You need to know, for example, that the nounย  and verb "promise" combine with an infinitive.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ 'promise'๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง
16:13
I made a promise to visit againย  soon. I promise to visit soon.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ณง ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:22
Some verbs can take an infinitive or aย  gerund as the object, and it doesn't make aย ย 
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
16:27
difference in meaning. Gina continues to play herย  accordion. Gina continues playing her accordion.
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์˜๋ฏธ์— ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Gina๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Gina๋Š” ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์„ ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
She started to take organ lessons.ย  She started taking organ lessons.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ๋ ˆ์Šจ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
Other verbs in this category are:ย  begin, can't stand, like, love, hate,ย ย 
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์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค, ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜๋‹ค,
16:52
prefer. However, other verbs can be followedย  by either a gerund or an infinitive,ย ย 
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜
17:00
and there is a difference in meaning. Here'sย  an example, I'll try to visit them this summer.ย ย 
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
This means I'll attempt to visit,ย  but maybe it won't work out.
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
Have you ever tried polka dancing? It's fun.
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ํด์นด๋Œ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
I'm talking about experiencing something soย  that you can decide if you like it or not.ย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
17:27
Choose a gerund or an infinitiveย  to complete the sentence.
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:46
One. I appreciate having someone like Ginaย  to talk to Two. Gina refuses to slow down.ย ย 
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ํ•˜๋‚˜. Two์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Gina์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Gina๋Š” ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:56
Three. I miss playing the accordion with her.
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์‚ผ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์™€ ์•„์ฝ”๋””์–ธ์„ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œ์š”.
18:02
For more practice, you can watch my otherย  lessons on gerunds and infinitives. I'll putย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
the links in the video description. Okay, so we'veย  covered different uses of infinitives: subjects,ย ย 
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๋™์˜์ƒ ์„ค๋ช…์— ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด, ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชฉ์ ์–ด, ๋ณด์–ด, ๋ชฉ์  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:15
direct objects, complements, and infinitives ofย  purpose. But we've only talked about two forms:ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
18:22
infinitives and negative infinitives. Thereย  are other forms. There's a progressive form.ย ย 
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
Some call it a continuousย  infinitive. It uses the ending -ing.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ฐ์† ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฏธ -ing๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Just know that TO BE + a presentย  participle expresses an unfinishedย ย 
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TO BE + ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
18:44
action or an action in progress. Gina is luckyย  to be driving at her age. She's a good driver.
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์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š”. Gina๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์šด์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์šด์ „์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:55
Help me finish the rest of these sentences.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
19:13
She's happy to be living independently.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:19
She appears to be doing well for 93 and a half.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 93๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž˜ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
I never expect her to be sleeping when I call.ย  She's usually awake and active or not home.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊นจ์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™œ๋™์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
If you've watched my lesson on gerunds,ย  you'll know that we have passive andย ย 
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๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ์™„์ „ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:39
perfect gerunds. Well, guess what? We haveย  passive and perfect forms of infinitives.
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. ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”? ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์™€ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜• ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:48
It's wonderful to be blessed with good genes.ย ย 
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์ข‹์€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜
19:51
Gina's mother, my greatย  aunt, also lived a long life.
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๊ณ ๋ชจ์ด์‹  ์ง€๋‚˜์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋„ ์žฅ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:58
The passive form of an infinitiveย  is TO BE + the past participle.
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๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ๋Š” TO BE + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
Form passive infinitives with me.
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๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:25
It's not unusual for Gina to be invited to playย  somewhere in town. What more needs to be said?
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Gina๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์— ๋†€๋„๋ก ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
20:35
It's true that Gina getsย  invited to perform sometimes.ย ย 
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Gina๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ณต์—ฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
Isn't that great? Quite a number of peopleย  are lucky to have heard her play live.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ˆ? ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰์šด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:48
They are lucky because at some pointย  in the past they heard her play live.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šด์ด ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:55
The perfect infinitive or past infinitiveย  uses TO HAVE + the past participle,ย ย 
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์™„๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” TO HAVE + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ
21:02
and it refers to an earlier pointย  in time, earlier than the main verb.
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๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:11
Truthfully, we don't often use this perfect form,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ,
21:14
this past form, but I want you to beย  able to recognize it and understand it.
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์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:22
Here's a final quiz to see what you remember andย ย 
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ์น™์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:25
if you're familiar with otherย  rules concerning infinitives.
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.
21:31
One. Which phrases have infinitives?
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ํ•˜๋‚˜. ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
21:50
Two. Where's the negative infinitive?
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๋‘˜. ๋ถ€์ • ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:06
Three. Where's the passive infinitive?
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์‚ผ. ์ˆ˜๋™ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
22:24
Four. Where's the perfectย  infinitive, meaning the past form?
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๋„ท. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
22:43
Five. Where's the infinitive of purpose?
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๋‹ค์„ฏ. ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:03
Six. Which sentence sounds more natural?
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์œก. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์š”? ๋‘
23:15
Neither sentence is really wrong, but Bย  sounds more natural to my ears. You don'tย ย 
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๊ท€์—๋Š” B๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์„
23:22
have to repeat TO when we createย  a pair or a list of infinitives.
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๋งŒ๋“ค ๋•Œ TO๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
23:31
Seven. Which sentence is correct?
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์ผ๊ณฑ. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
23:41
Both are correct. The verb "help" allowsย  us to use the infinitive or the base verb.ย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฌ 'help'๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:49
The base verb is what some would call a "bareย  infinitive" because it doesn't have "to."
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” " to"๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— "๋ฒ ์–ด ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:57
Eight. Which sentence is correct?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ. ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ๋งž๋‚˜์š”?
24:14
I believe both are acceptable. We normallyย  don't split in infinitive in formal Englishย ย 
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์‹ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด,
24:21
and particularly in writing, but it's moreย  acceptable to do this in everyday English.ย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์ƒ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:27
Sentence A is what you'd likely hear inย  spoken English. B is a bit more formal.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ A๋Š” ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . B๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:37
We'll end here. That's all for now, but I hopeย  to see you again soon. Please like and shareย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•์˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
24:42
the video if you found the lesson useful. Asย  always, thanks for watching and happy studies!
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. ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
24:51
Follow me on Facebook, Twitter, andย  Instagram. Why not join me on Patreon?ย ย 
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Facebook, Twitter, Instagram์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํŒ”๋กœ์šฐํ•˜์„ธ์š” . Patreon์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
24:56
And don't forget to subscribe on YouTube.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ๋…๋„ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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