Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases: Learn English Grammar with JenniferESL

86,223 views ใƒป 2018-01-26

English with Jennifer


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:10
Hi everybody! Itโ€™s Jennifer here with a question to lead into our next grammar lesson.
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์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„! ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
What's more important to you when it comes to work?
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์ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:22
Earning a lot of money?
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:25
Earning recognition?
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์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:29
Doing something for a good cause?
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์ข‹์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:33
Growing personally and professionally?
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์ง์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:38
Or doing what you love?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:42
Itโ€™s a question Iโ€™ve talked about with my brothers, one of whom had a professional hockey career.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ˜•์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
My younger brother, now a hockey coach, remains an excellent skater.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ์ฝ”์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๋‚จ๋™์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€‹โ€‹ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
His skill on the ice is something he worked on from a young age.
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์–ผ์Œ ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
He never went on to earn millions in his professional career, but he was able to do what he loved for many years โ€“ play hockey.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒŒ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•˜ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Now heโ€™s passing his knowledge and skills on to young athletes interested in playing hockey at the highest level possible.
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
So whatโ€™s the ideal job for you? Feel free to tell me whatโ€™s important to you in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:31
But hereโ€™s the challenge. You need to use at least one adjective phrase.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋„์ „์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Whatโ€™s that? Itโ€™s a reduced adjective clause.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์•ผ? ์ถ•์†Œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
Reduced means thereโ€™s less of something. So we shorten an adjective clause to get an adjective phrase.
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๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Remember a clause has a subject and a verb. A phrase doesn't.
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์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
We only do reduce an adjective clause when the relative pronoun is the subject.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And we can only reduce the adjective clause when the relative pronoun is WHICH, THAT, or WHO.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ WHICH, THAT, WHO์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The easiest way to reduce a clause is to remove the relative pronoun and any form of the verb BE.
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์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‚ฌ BE์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
You might be left with a noun phrase, a prepositional phrase, or a present or past participle.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ, ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๊ตฌ, ํ˜„์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Look at these examples.
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์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:01
Notice how we keep the commas if there are any.
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์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:06
Here's the next example.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Notice how this reduced adjective clause doesnโ€™t need commas.
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์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์— ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
03:23
If there isnโ€™t a form of BE in the adjective clause, then we change the main verb to a present participle.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์— BE ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณธ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
Again, we take out the relative pronoun.
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๋‹ค์‹œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Watch how I reduce this adjective clause.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:58
You try. Iโ€™ll give you an adjective clause. Reduce it to an adjective phrase if possible.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ค„์ด์„ธ์š”.
04:06
I'll give you six practice sentences.
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6๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Can we reduce the adjective clause?
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
04:24
The relative pronoun WHO is the subject of the adjective clause.
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ WHO๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Let's remove it...and the form of BE.
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค... ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  BE์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ.
04:34
Here's our new sentence with an adjective phrase.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
First, find the adjective clause.
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๋จผ์ € ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
What's the relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์—์š”?
05:12
Whose.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜.
05:14
So can we make an adjective phrase?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
05:19
No. It's not possible to reduce this adjective clause.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”. ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
First, find the adjective clause.
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๋จผ์ € ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
What's the relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์—์š”?
05:46
Is it the subject?
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์ฃผ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
05:50
Yes. So let's reduce this clause.
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์˜ˆ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:57
Our new sentence with an adjective phrase is...
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€...
06:19
First, find the adjective clause.
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๋จผ์ € ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
What's the relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์—์š”?
06:30
Is it the subject?
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์ฃผ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:34
Yes, it is. Let's reduce this clause.
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์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
06:42
And here's our new sentence with an adjective phrase.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Do you see the adjective clause?
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
07:08
It should be easy to spot. Commas set it off.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‰ผํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And how about the relative pronoun?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:20
Is it the subject?
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์ฃผ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
07:24
It is. So it is possible to reduce this adjective clause. Try it.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋„ ํ•ด๋ด.
07:33
Our new sentence is...
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€...
07:58
The adjective clause is set off by commas again, so it's very easy to spot.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
How about the relative pronoun?
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๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:08
Is it the subject?
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์ฃผ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
08:13
No. The subject of the clause is the Pittsburgh Penguins,
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” Pittsburgh Penguins์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
08:18
so it's not possible to reduce this adjective clause.
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์ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
I hope youโ€™re feeling more confident about reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
Remember that not every clause can reduce, and we donโ€™t have to reduce every adjective clause.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ ˆ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ถ•์†Œํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:41
We sometimes use adjective phrases to be more concise, especially in our writing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
Would you reduce any of these clauses? Donโ€™t just think about the rules. Think about what sounds clear and natural.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ค„์ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทœ์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
09:15
In sentence A, we could reduce the adjective clause.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ A์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
But then we'll also have to change the word order.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด์ˆœ๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
Let's move the adjective before the noun.
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๋ช…์‚ฌ ์•ž์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ์ž.
09:25
Let's say...
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด...
09:34
Sentence B. I wouldn't try to reduce this clause.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ B. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Let's keep it as is. It's clearer that way.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘์ž. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Sentence C. We could certainly reduce this clause.
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Sentence C. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ด ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ
09:49
Let's say...
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๋“ค์–ด...
09:55
That's clear and concise.
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
Sentence D. We could leave it or reduce it.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ D. ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
If we reduce the clause to a phrase, we'll have...
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์ด ์ ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด...
10:21
I look forward to reading your examples about your ideal jobs.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Remember to tell me in the comments whatโ€™s important to you: money, recognition, purpose, growth, passion for your work?
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๋ˆ, ์ธ์ •, ๋ชฉ์ , ์„ฑ์žฅ, ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ • ๋“ฑ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋Œ“๊ธ€๋กœ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:38
Be sure to use an adjective clause. Then tell me if you can reduce it.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
10:44
Here's my example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Do you see my adjective clauses?
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
11:00
Can I reduce them?
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์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:05
I could say...
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๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค...
11:18
Before I end, Iโ€™m going to throw one more challenge your way.
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๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ๋„์ „์„ ๋˜์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Hereโ€™s another thought I have on finding the ideal job. I want you to listen closely for my use of adjective clauses.
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์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์˜ ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
How many adjective clauses did you catch?
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์„ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:57
Here's the first.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
Note that I didn't repeat the relative pronoun that with the second verb "gives."
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋™์‚ฌ "gives"์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ that์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:08
If you have longer ideas, then you might repeat the relative pronoun to make it all clear for your audience.
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๋” ๊ธด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒญ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Here's the second adjective clause.
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๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
I kind of have two adjective clauses put together.
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์ €๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
The first full clause could be written like this.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ „์ฒด ์ ˆ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
There also has to be sufficient financial reward, which is a fact.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
But I reduced that clause, and I'm left with a noun phrase: a fact.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์˜€๊ณ  ๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
Now I need to identify the fact, so I follow with a full clause.
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ ˆ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
...a fact which we may not be encouraged to talk about.
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...์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
This pattern in non-restrictive adjective clauses is more common in writing than in speaking because it sounds formal.
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๋น„์ œํ•œ์  ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์ด ํŒจํ„ด์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
"A fact which" is by far the most common example, but other nouns fit into this structure.
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"A fact which"๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋„ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Here's one more example.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Perhaps you'll find use for this kind of adjective clause in your answer to my question about the ideal job.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
That's all for now. Please remember to like this video if you found it helpful.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
13:47
In our next lesson, I'll review what we've learned.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณต์Šตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
I'll test your understanding of adjective clauses and phrases.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์ ˆ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
I'll see you again soon.
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๊ณง ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ต™๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ฒญ
13:58
Thanks for watching and happy studies.
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ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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