1 HOUR ENGLISH LESSON - Learn English with the NEWS And Improve Your Fluency

41,339 views ใƒป 2023-04-07

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Welcome to this one. Our English lesson todayย  you're going to learn English with the news.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:06
We're going to read two different news articlesย  together so you can learn a lot of advancedย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰
00:12
vocabulary, complex, grammar and correctย  pronunciation. Let's get started, Anna, May
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์–ดํœ˜, ๋ณตํ•ฉ์–ด, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž, Anna, May
00:20
Wong
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00:20
actress becomes first. Asian-Americanย  on US currency. Now, currency,
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Wong
์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ž, ํ†ตํ™”,
00:28
This is
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€
00:30
another
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00:30
word for money. So, currency is just describingย  the money in the US currency is in dollars or
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๋ˆ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ˆ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋œ
00:39
coins
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00:40
in paper bills or coins. Soย  currency is another word for money.
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์ข…์ด ์ง€ํ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ „์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋ˆ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
Actress, Anna May Wong is set to become the firstย ย 
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์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ Anna May Wong์€
00:54
Asian American to be featuredย  on US currency basically what
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:59
the
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01:00
title said. Now here this is a greatย  expression to be set to become. So what do you
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ค์ •๋  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„
01:09
notice
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
01:10
here? What is this to become?ย ย 
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? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
01:12
This is an infinitive and infinitiveย  and a what kind of verb is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:19
Well, of
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01:19
course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก ,
01:20
the verb to be right now, thisย  is important because it helpsย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:24
you understand the sentence structureย  for Expressions because this expression
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด
01:29
is formed with the verb be and then set Bย  set. And then we have our infinitive. Now in
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๋™์‚ฌ be์™€ set B set๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Expressions์˜ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
01:40
this case, the infinitive is to become butย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
01:43
we could change the infinitive verbย  to something else and the notice we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ
01:48
We have our verb conjugated with our subject, whoย  is the subject? Anna May Wong, of course. So ourย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•ˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ”์ด ์›ก. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜
01:57
subject is she? And that's why it is, is she isย  set to become. Now, what does this mean be set toย ย 
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์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด + ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:07
+ infinitive? So, this simply means be ready to orย  be prepared to. So you can use it in the same way.
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? ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
You might say.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
For example, I'm set toย  present at tomorrow's meeting.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ €๋Š” ๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
So my verb to be is conjugated with the subject.ย  I, we have our verb set which doesn't change,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ to be ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ ์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:38
and then we have our infinitive. In thisย  case, my verb is present and the infinitiveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” my ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š”
02:44
doesn't change. Also, so the only thing you'reย  conjugating is the verb to be. I'm set to present.
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๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์‚ฌ to be์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Present at tomorrow's meeting.ย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
02:53
Now, native speakers will frequently add theย  word all for no reason at all. It doesn't addย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด all์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ž์ฃผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
anything to the meaning of it. I'm allย  set. I'm all set to go to the mall. I'mย ย 
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์˜๋ฏธ์— ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๋์–ด. ์ €๋Š”
03:08
ready to go to the mall. You don't have to doย  that. It's just optional. So you could say,
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ชฐ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:16
I'm set.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
I'm set to go to the airport for example.ย  I'm ready to go. I'm prepared to go.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณตํ•ญ์— ๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐˆ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
She will appear as part of an effortย  to feature notable women on Americanย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” American Quarter Wong์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ถœ์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:37
quarters Wong. Who is considered theย  first Chinese American film star inย ย 
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. ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์˜ํ™” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์˜ฌํ•ด ์ฝ”์ธ์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
03:43
Hollywood is the fifth and final woman to beย  individually featured on the coin this year.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:52
Okay, on the coin, what coinย  are? We talking about? Hmm,ย ย 
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์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ „์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์ „์€ ๋ฌด์—‡ ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–˜๊ธฐ? ์Œ, ๋™์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:58
a little listening comprehension quiz forย  you on the coin, the coin, which coin?ย ย 
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋™์ „, ์–ด๋–ค ๋™์ „์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:04
Well the coin is here, the quarter theย  quarter, this could be tricky for you ifย ย 
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๋™์ „์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค,
04:12
you're not familiar with American currency, whichย  again means money. So quarter is a type of coin
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ˆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์ „์˜ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•
04:21
which is why we have it here andย  the value is 25 cents or .25.
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์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ’์€ 25์„ผํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” 0.25์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
.25 of a dollar. That's the value of aย  quarter so doesn't get you very much.
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.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Now, I want to talk about pronunciationย  because I hear a lot of mistakes with theย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:51
pronunciation of women. Women.ย  This is well, I'll ask you,ย ย 
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. ์—ฌ์„ฑ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ€์Ž„, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ๊ป˜,
04:57
is this singular or plural singular or pluralย  women, women notable women, this is plural,
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์ด ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๋‹ค.
05:10
So one woman two women, I want you to noticeย  my pronunciation one woman. Whoo woman womanย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋‘ ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‚ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•œ๋‹ค. Whoo woman woman
05:21
to with it, women to women. One woman, twoย  women. Good pronunciation tip for you to practice
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to with it, ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ. ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž, ๋‘ ์—ฌ์ž. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐœ์Œ ํŒ ์ข‹์•„์š”
05:36
All right. Now keep in mind thisย  quarter because I know there's aย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘์„ธ์š”. ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:40
picture of the quarter below so you'llย  get to see this. And remember a quarterย ย 
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์ด ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š”
05:45
is a coin and its currency and it'sย  worth 25 cents or .25 of a dollar.
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๋™์ „์ด์ž ํ†ตํ™”์ด๋ฉฐ 25์„ผํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ 0.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:57
The quarter will enter General circulation onย  Monday to enter General circulation. This is aย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ํ†ต์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œ ํ†ต์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
06:05
very formal way of saying will be used by people,ย  so you will get it. When you go to a store,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
06:13
when you go to the bank, you will receive it. Iย  don't think you really need to know that for yourย ย 
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์€ํ–‰์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:20
vocabulary. It's quite formal. But for listeningย  comprehension for reading comprehension now
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. ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒญํ•ด๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋…ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:26
Now, you know what it means?
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:29
It what does the it represent it the quarter, theย  quarter that's the it it the corridor will feature
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๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ž‘์˜
06:39
President
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06:40
George Washington on one side and Wong onย  the other. So we have this coin. There'sย ย 
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ํ•œ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์กฐ์ง€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ์›ก์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋™์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
two sides of the coin. One side isย  the president the other side Wong.
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๋™์ „์˜ ์–‘๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์€ Wong์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Ventris, Gibson, director of the USย  Mint called Wong, a courageous Advocate,ย ย 
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US Mint์˜ ์ด์‚ฌ์ธ Ventris Gibson์€ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž Wong์„ ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:01
who Champion for increased representation and moreย  multi-dimensional roles for Asian American actors.
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.
07:13
Now, here at this is a good word toย  have in your vocabulary. It's quiteย ย 
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜์— ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ
07:19
formal but we use this oftenย  in a business contacts and youย ย 
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๊ฒฉ์‹์„ ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ 
07:24
will see it a lot when you're readingย  anything from the news. So you here,ย ย 
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์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€
07:31
in this case, there are using it as a noun,ย  she was an advocate notice. I have a courageous
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž ํ†ต์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ
07:42
Jesus Advocate because right now Advocateย  is separated by my adjective courageous.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์ธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์ธ์€ ์ œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ์šฉ๊ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
So because of that, this is our adjectiveย  because of that, I need my article. Ah,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„,
07:56
because a goes with courageous, but if I justย  have Advocate and no adjectives in front of it,ย ย 
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a๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Advocate๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ž์— ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:04
then I need an and Advocateย  because we use n when you have
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and Advocate๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ n์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
vowel sound a vowel sound before andย  advocate, so you can say she was an
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08:20
advocate.
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์˜นํ˜ธ์ž.
08:21
This is the noun. We very commonly usedย  this as a verb form. She advocated for
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
08:32
Asian-American actors. She advocated for whenย  you advocate for notice our preposition Choiceย ย 
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์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
here you don't Advocate to Advocate onย  advocate in you advocate for when you'reย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด
08:49
learning vocabulary. It's very helpful to learnย  the prepositions when you learn the words becauseย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
if you don't use the correct preposition it willย  be grammatically incorrect and it won't sound.
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์–ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Very good either, she advocated for Asian-Americanย  actors, so you can advocate for someone thisย ย 
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:11
would be a, someone a group of people you canย  also advocate for something. So you might say,ย ย 
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, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
09:19
she advocated for increasedย  representation. So this is aย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
09:27
something, our preposition doesn'tย  change. We still need for in both
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ „์น˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€
09:32
Cases something somethingย  increased representation orย ย 
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๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋˜๋Š”
09:37
someone Asian-American actors, and whenย  you advocate for someone or somethingย ย 
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์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„
09:43
you act as a representative for them, aย  supporter for them, you want to promoteย ย 
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์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ, ์ง€์ง€์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:52
their views and you want to promote theirย  cause whatever that cause maybe so you're
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋‹น์‹ ์€
09:59
supporting
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10:00
them. It's just a more
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข€ ๋”
10:01
Cool way of saying it but veryย  common in a newspaper context.ย ย 
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
You'll hear it a lot in the media and itย  is a good business verb to have as well.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋™์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
This quarter. Oh we're goingย  to see the quarter. Are youย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ. ์˜ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€
10:19
excited? Dun dun dun here's the corridors.ย  So remember this is worth 25 cents or 1/4ย ย 
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ํฅ๋ถ„? Dun dun dun ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณต๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 25์„ผํŠธ ๋˜๋Š” 1
10:33
of a dollar, .25 of a dollar 1/4, that's why it'sย  called quarter. So this is a coin, remember coin?
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๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ 1/4 , 0.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ 1/4 ๊ฐ€์น˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ „์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:44
A coin, the name of the coin is a quarter. Thereย  are different coins in American currency andย ย 
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๋™์ „, ๋™์ „์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์ „์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
10:52
remember currency is money. So this is a type ofย  currency and the type of coin. It is is a quarter.
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ํ†ตํ™”๋Š” ๋ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ†ตํ™”์ด์ž ๋™์ „์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4๋ถ„์˜ 1์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
This is a very nice quarter, isn't it?ย  So if you're in the u.s. right now,ย ย 
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์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ
11:07
you can go to a store, go to a bank, and youย  might receive this coin. You might receiveย ย 
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์ƒ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์€ํ–‰์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์ด ์ฝ”์ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
this quarter. That would be pretty cool. Andย  remember, on the other side we have president.ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฝค ๋ฉ‹์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
11:19
Was it George Washington? I believe.
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์กฐ์ง€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.
11:22
This quarter is designed to reflect theย  breadth and depth of accomplishments,ย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋„์ „๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•œ Anna, May Wong์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํญ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:28
by Anna, May Wong, who overcameย  challenges, and obstacles. Sheย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
11:33
faced during her lifetime. Sheย  said, let's look at breadth and
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์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํญ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
depth.
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.
11:40
Now breath is the range. So, ifย  someone has a breadth of knowledge,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ํ˜ธํก์ด ๋ฒ”์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํญ๋„“์€ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:48
it means their knowledge is why.
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์ด ์ด์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
On many different subjects and daps you can thinkย  of as this way. So you have all these differentย ย 
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋Œ‘์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
12:01
subjects. Let's say one subject is politicsย  and then you have your depth of politics. So,ย ย 
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๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ,
12:10
you know many different subjects, that'sย  your breadth of knowledge. And then withinย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์‹์˜ ํญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
12:15
each subject, you know, a lot about thatย  subject and that's your depth. So that
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๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
12:22
That's a great expression. We have we usually useย  breadth and depth in terms of knowledge here youย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง€์‹ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํญ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
can see they're doing it with accomplishments. Soย  she could have a breadth of accomplishments, maybeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ๋„
12:37
accomplishments as an actress accomplishments, asย  a teacher accomplishments as an advocate and thenย ย 
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์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ, ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
12:45
within each accomplishment, she has a depth ofย  compliments. So she has many different times that
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๊ฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊นŠ์€ ์นญ์ฐฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
12:52
she advocated or many different timesย  that she was a successful actress.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜นํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์—ฌ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Let so here's our lovely quarter. Again,ย  I'd really like to see one in person. Now,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
13:08
let's move on Wang was born in Losย  Angeles, in 1905, 1905. Notice how I'm
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์ด๋™ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Wang์€ 1905๋…„, 1905๋…„์— ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€
13:19
pronouncing
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13:20
this as 0. The number is 0 0 1 2 3. I have zeroย  dollars in my bank account. Hopefully you don't
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” 0 0 1 2 3์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ์€ํ–‰ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— 0๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
It's need to say that I have zeroย  dollars in my bank account. Hopefully,ย ย 
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๋‚ด ์€ํ–‰ ๊ณ„์ขŒ์— 0๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
not you. Now of course that is this 0 0 1, 2ย  3. But I wouldn't say 1905 I would for dates.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 0 0 1, 2 3์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1905๋…„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Let me continue here with our date, so with date,ย  you pronounce it as. Oh that's the pronunciationย ย 
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๋‚ ์งœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ ์งœ๋Š” ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์•„, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด์•ผ
14:04
1905 1905. That's the pronunciation here. But ifย  I'm telling someone my phone number, I might say,
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1905 1905. ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด์•ผ. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
14:22
I could say 00 19. If this was part of my phoneย  number or 00 19. So you could do either with aย ย 
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00 19๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๋ฉด 00 19๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
14:33
phone number 0 or 0. Both of them are quiteย  common, to be honest. So with phone numbers,
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์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 0 ๋˜๋Š” 0์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ฝค ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ํ™”๋ฒˆํ˜ธ,
14:42
Addresses. Even I live at 0ย  0, 1 9, or 0 0, 1 9, addressesย ย 
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์ฃผ์†Œ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 0 0, 1 9 ๋˜๋Š” 0 0, 1 9์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์ฃผ์†Œ
14:53
money, you would say 0. So forย  money, you would definitely say zero
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๋ˆ์€ 0์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ 0์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
But for dates, we would say oh 1905.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ ์งœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” oh 1905๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Wang was born in Los Angeles, in 1905, toย  Chinese immigrants, her name at Birth was Wangย ย 
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์™•์€ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. , 1905๋…„์— ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ Wang
15:20
Lu sung. I'm not sure how to pronounce that, butย  later in life, she adopted the stage name of,ย ย 
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Lu sung์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ช…์ธ
15:27
Anna, May Wong. And I'm sure this isย  exactly why she changed her knee because,
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Anna, May Wong์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
15:35
Americans don't know how toย  pronounce that unfortunatelyย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„
15:38
formed by joining her English and family
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜์–ด์™€ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:42
names.
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.
15:48
She was cast in her first role at 14 asย  an extra in the film, The Red Lanternย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 14์„ธ์— ์˜ํ™” The Red Lantern์˜ ์—‘์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ์—ญํ• ์— ์บ์ŠคํŒ…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
15:55
and continue to take on smaller parts and tellย  her lead role in the to love the sea in 1922,ย ย 
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•„ 1922๋…„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์—ฐ์„ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
you probably don't know these movies,ย  maybe you do. I don't know these movies.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
16:12
Let's look at this here.ย  What did I want to show you?ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:17
Okay, first of all, when you are cast in aย  movie role, this is a verb specific for theย ย 
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ์šฐ์„ , ์˜ํ™” ๋ฐฐ์—ญ์— ์บ์ŠคํŒ…๋  ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ์˜ˆ๊ณ„ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:27
entertainment industry. So you can be cast inย  a TV, show, a play a movie, anything that you
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ TV, ์‡ผ, ์—ฐ๊ทน, ์˜ํ™”, ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์บ์ŠคํŒ…๋  ์ˆ˜
16:39
perform in, and that,
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์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
16:42
Is used for the entertainment industry.ย  It means that she was hired for the job,ย ย 
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์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ
16:49
but they don't use this vocabulary in theย  entertainment industry. This is why whenย ย 
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ์˜ˆ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
16:56
you're learning a language is so important toย  understand the specific industry you're in,ย ย 
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์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ดํ•ด
17:02
and then learn the terms and the vocabulary ofย  that industry, if you're in the medical industry,
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์šฉ์–ด์™€ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
17:12
Astri. Or if you're a lawyer or an engineer,ย  you're going to have very specific vocabularyย ย 
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Astri์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ท€ํ•˜์˜ ์—…๊ณ„์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
17:19
to your industry and you need to learn thatย  vocabulary. So if you're in the entertainmentย ย 
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ์˜ˆ๊ณ„์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:26
industry you should probably already know thisย  verb to be cast in a role. So anyone else wouldย ย 
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ• ์— ์บ์ŠคํŒ…๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
17:34
just say she was hired for the job. This isย  in a regular context, not the entertainment.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
Tainment industry.
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์˜ค์—ผ ์‚ฐ์—….
17:49
Okay, here we have a great phrasal verb to takeย  on to take on. When you take something on you,ย ย 
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ•  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ๋งก์„ ๋•Œ
17:59
accept responsibility for a project or a task.ย  In this case, she accepted responsibility forย ย 
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
18:09
a part which is a part of a movie. So sheย  was in the movie for a portion of time.
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์˜ํ™”์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ผ์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
Your boss, for example, mightย  say, can you take on this client?ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:29
Which means can you accept responsibilityย  for this client for this job?
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
18:39
Or I took on too many projects last month.ย ย 
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๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:50
So last month you said, yes, I can do that. Yes,ย  I can do that. Yes, I can do that. You acceptedย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์˜ˆ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:59
responsibility for different tasks or differentย  assignments but it was too much or you might say.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ• ๋‹น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
Sorry, I can't take that on right now. I alreadyย ย 
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์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ
19:15
have a lot on my plate. I'm teachingย  you a bonus expression right here.
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์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
The expression is to have a lot on and thenย  one's plate. The one in this case is me,ย ย 
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ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋‹ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ €์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:34
so I'm changing it to my, but I might say youย  have a lot on your plate, she has a lot onย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:45
her plate. He has a lot on his plate.ย  They have a lot on their plate. Now that
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. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
it means to be very busy to have a lot on one'sย ย 
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have a lot on one's plate๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
20:01
plate is an idiom and it means to be very busy.ย  So that could be the reason why you can take thatย ย 
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ด๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:14
on that being whatever project it is. I can'tย  take on that project. I can't take that on.
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. ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
20:24
Have a lot on my plate, so that's aย  great idiom for you to start using.
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have a lot on my plate, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:29
She appeared in more than 60 movies across herย  career. That's a lot of movies that's impressiveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ 60ํŽธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜ํ™”์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
20:36
including silent films and one of her first oneย  of the first made in Technicolor interesting.
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๋ฌด์„ฑ ์˜ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ Technicolor ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:47
Wang was also the first Asian-Americanย  lead actor in a US television show.ย ย 
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Wang์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ TV ์‡ผ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฃผ์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ ํƒ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•œ
20:53
The Gallery of Madame Louise song inย  which she played a Chinese Detective.
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Madame Louise ๋…ธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ .
21:00
After facing discrimination in the u.s.,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ๊ฒช์€ ํ›„
21:04
she traveled to Europe to work inย  English, French and German films.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–ด, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด, ๋…์ผ ์˜ํ™” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
I like this expression here after. And thenย  you have a gerund, this is a great sentenceย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
21:19
structure for you to use to sound quite Advanced.ย  So you can say, after graduating, I moved abroad.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฝค ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:30
after improving my English, I took on more
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์˜์–ด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„
21:41
Public speaking. So you accepted responsibilityย  for I took on more public speakingย ย 
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํ›„์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
21:51
after improving. Now you couldย  absolutely say after I improvedย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ํ›„์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:58
and then everything else would be the sameย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™์ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
22:02
but no one is. In this case, we're using a gerundย  verb and in this case I'm using subject and then
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ
22:11
Then my verb is going to be conjugatedย  in the past simple because the action isย ย 
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๋‚ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:17
complete. After I graduated I moved abroad afterย  graduating. I moved abroad to me. This soundsย ย 
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. ์กธ์—… ํ›„ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
22:27
very natural. It has a nice flow to it andย  it sounds more advanced than saying after Iย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์€ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์กธ์—… ํ›„์— ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:34
graduated. So I highly recommend you. Addย  this to your vocabulary. Remember it is,
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ ๊ทน ์ถ”์ฒœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ดํœ˜์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:40
After +, gerund.
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+ ๋’ค์— ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
22:44
After plus gerund, which is your verb and ing.
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๋™์‚ฌ์™€ ing์ธ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋™๋ช…์‚ฌ ๋’ค์—.
22:53
How much do we have? Okay, we're almost doneย  here. She was awarded a star on the Hollywood,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์ž, ์ด์ œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ค ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 1960๋…„ ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์Šคํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
22:58
Walk of Fame in 1960 and died.ย  The following year aged 56.
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์‚ฌ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด 56์„ธ.
23:07
Gem and Chan known for appearing in Crazy Richย  Asians and Marvel's eternals is set to portrayย ย 
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Crazy Rich Asians์™€ Marvel's Eternals์— ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ Gem๊ณผ Chan์€
23:15
Wang in an upcoming biopic about the star'sย  life. Oh so we're going to have a movie comingย ย 
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์™•์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ธฐ ์˜ํ™”์—์„œ ์™•์„ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
23:21
out about Wang in the near future. Now here's ourย  expression again is set to what does this meanย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‹œ์ผ ๋‚ด์— Wang์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ด‰ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
23:30
is prepared to or ready to? And remember it's too.
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? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
23:37
Be set and then infinitive. So hereย  our infinitive is to portray and areย ย 
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๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ€์ •์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
23:46
verb to be is conjugated with, he she it.ย  Because what's the subject in this case?
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๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์ธ he she it๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
23:54
Our subject is Gemma Chan. Our subjectย  is quite far removed from our verb,ย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” Gemma Chan์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์–ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:01
which happens a lot in spoken English, ofย  course, but it happens equally in writtenย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์–ด์ฒด ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์–ด์ฒด์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:08
English. All of this in the commas is justย  extra additional information, but our subjectย ย 
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. ์‰ผํ‘œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
24:16
is Gemma Chan and our verb is conjugatedย  with the subject, she's ready to preach.
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Gemma Chan์ด๊ณ  ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด She's ready to ์„ค๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:24
Trey Wong.
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ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด ์›ก.
24:28
The American women, the American women Quartersย  Program. So this is one name of something.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ™์†Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:36
The American women Quarters Program. Rememberย  our pronunciation of women with women. Women,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ™์†Œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„,
24:45
the American women Quartersย  Program began this year. Andย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์˜ฌํ•ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
24:50
will feature five women each yearย  until 2025 native Hawaiian hula.
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2025๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜์™€์ด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ ํ›Œ๋ผ ๊ณต์—ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค๋…„ 5๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:57
Ulla teacher, Edith, Kanna.
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์šธ๋ผ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์—๋””์Šค, ์นธ๋‚˜.
25:00
Cannot go Olay, cannot go. Olay has beenย  named as one of the selections for 2023,ย ย 
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์˜ฌ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด, ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด. Olay๋Š” 2023๋…„์˜ ์„ ํƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ง€๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
25:10
so they're talking about a different quarter. Soย  remember our kurta quarter, so in 2023 is going toย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฟ ๋ฅดํƒ€ ์ฟผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. 2023๋…„์—๋Š”
25:20
be the Hawaiian hula teacher, who's going to be onย  the quarter. So you can look out for that as well.
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ํ•˜์™€์ด์•ˆ ํ›Œ๋ผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2023๋…„
25:32
Has been named as one of the selectionsย  for 2023. So that was the end of theย ย 
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์„ ์ •์ž‘ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ
25:37
article. There was one other thing Iย  wanted to explain before we wrap up,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
25:42
which means to end before we wrap up,ย  before we end the following year, aged 56,ย ย 
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๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—, ์ด๋“ฌํ•ด์ธ 56์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋๋‚ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:50
I see a lot of mistakes with age soย  you can say she was 56 when she died.
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์‚ฌ๋ง ํ•œ.
26:00
so, this is correct, you can also say
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„
26:06
She was 56 years old whenย  she died, that is correct.
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๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 56์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
26:18
How about this one?
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์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋•Œ?
26:22
She was 56 years when she died.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 56์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:28
What do you think? She was 56 years when she diedย  is this correct or incorrect? What do you thinkย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์‚ฌ๋ง ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 56์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
26:40
this is incorrect? You can't see that. Iย  see this a lot. So you have two optionsย ย 
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? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:46
when saying age you can say, just the numberย  56, she was 56 or you can include years old.
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. 56์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 56์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:57
56 years old. Those are your two options. This isย ย 
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56์„ธ. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ต์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”
27:03
not correct. You cannot justย  say years. You either have to
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋„๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
27:08
Get rid of it, or you have to add old,ย  but this by itself is not correct. Soย ย 
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์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด์ „ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ
27:16
make sure you don't say that one. Andย  that is the end of the article. So,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
27:21
I hope you enjoyed learning about ourย  actress who is on the quarter and a Mayย ย 
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์ฟผํ„ฐ์™€ 5์›” ์›ก์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์…จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:31
Wong. And remember you can watch that upcomingย  movie about her that's going to be played by
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Yama-chan์ด ์—ฐ๊ธฐํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
27:39
Yama-chan so that will be quite interesting.ย  So I hope you enjoyed the article. Amazing jobย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฝค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
27:44
with that article. Now we're going to move on toย  the next article. Feel free to take a pause, getย ย 
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…. ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž ์‹œ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
27:51
a cup of tea if you like, and let's continue on.ย  The headline is gaslighting Merriam-Webster pigs.ย ย 
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์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์ฐจ ํ•œ ์ž” ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๋ชฉ์€ Merriam-Webster ๋ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:00
Its word of the year, of course, Merriam-Websterย  is the dictionary the most common dictionary in.
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  Merriam-Webster๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
28:08
American English Cambridge Dictionary, beingย  the most common in British English and theirย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด Cambridge Dictionary๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
28:15
word of the year is gaslighting. Don'tย  worry, if you don't know what this is,ย ย 
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” . ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„
28:21
you'll learn all about gaslighting. The new wordย  of the year in this lesson. So let's continueย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
28:28
on when British playwright, Patrick Hamiltonย  wrote Gaslight in 1938 little, did he know how
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์ด 1938๋…„์— Gaslight๋ฅผ ์ผ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
28:38
Often the word would be used in the 21st century.ย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
28:43
So this explains the image right here. It'sย  from the film Gaslight. I personally haveย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ํ™” Gaslight์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
28:53
not seen this film. I have never heard ofย  this film. As you can see, it's from 1938,ย ย 
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 1938๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
29:01
which is probably why I haven't heard of itย  now. They will give us the definition of gas
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
29:08
Right. Merriam-Webster America'sย  oldest dictionary publisher hasย ย 
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. Merriam-Webster America์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ
29:14
just chosen gaslighting as its word of theย  Year searches on its website. For the wordย ย 
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
29:22
have spanked by 1700 40% in 2022, according toย  the company. Now, let's take a look at this.
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2022๋…„์— 1700 40%๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
29:35
Searches have spiked have spiked.ย  So when something spikes, generally,ย ย 
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
29:42
it's something that is on a chart, orย  on a graph. And when you have a spike,ย ย 
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์ฐจํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” )๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์ƒ์Šน)์ด
29:48
it's a very sharp and sudden increase, soย  you can think of it as a drastic increase.
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Spike๋ฅผ
29:57
Let me give you another example usingย  Spike. Remember, this is our verb. Soย ย 
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
30:03
we need to conjugate our verb. Iย  could say gas prices. Have spikedย ย 
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๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:10
have spiked in recent months. It'sย  been months. Now, in recent months,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ
30:18
gas prices have spiked. So, they went fromย  here, to here, quite quickly, there was a
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:27
Drastic increase, have spiked and what verbย  tense, am I using right here? Have spiked.ย ย 
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
30:36
I'm using the present, perfect, to show an actionย  that started in the past and continues until now.ย ย 
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
30:47
And, you know that, because I also say, inย  recent months, in recent months right here.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
30:54
Now, also notice I have have
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์ด์ œ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
30:57
Have because gas prices. This is plural. So thisย  is what subject is it? I you he she it. We theyย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
31:06
you can always think back to the subject.ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
31:08
This is they have spiked. So ifย  I has something singular such as
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
31:18
The price of milk has spiked the price of milkย  has spiked. Now, I can definitely use it withoutย ย 
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์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์—†์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
31:29
a Time reference and still use the presentย  perfect. This shows a past action. So this is aย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
31:38
completed past action, okay? But I haven't in theย  present, perfect, because there is an impact on
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์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•Œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
31:47
The present when I go to the grocery store today,ย  I have to pay more money for milk. That's theย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ์šฐ์œ ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
31:56
impact on the present. Even though the actionย  of the price increase is completed its in theย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:04
past. So that's why it's in the present perfect.ย  And notice how I'm not saying milk has spikedย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”
32:13
that doesn't really make sense.ย  Milk, what about it? It's the price.
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. ์šฐ์œ , ์–ด๋•Œ? ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:18
Price of milk, the price. So that's whyย  I said here, gas prices, gas prices haveย ย 
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์šฐ์œ ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด
32:25
spiked the price of milk has spiked andย  our subject for this is it if you turnย ย 
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๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š”
32:34
it into a subject. I you he she it. Andย  that's why we have has it. Has they have
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์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
32:44
So, you can use this when you haveย  items on a chart. Price is a great. Oneย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจํŠธ์— ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ
32:52
sales could have spiked as well, whichย  is really positive. You see a drasticย ย 
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๋งค์ถœ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
32:57
increase in sales sales have spiked for example.
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.
33:04
Now, you're probably wondering. Well,ย  what is gaslighting? What does this mean?ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Œ, ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
33:11
Gas lighting is the act or practiceย  of grossly, misleading? Someone,
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๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ๋ช…์€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ธ๊ฐ€์š” ? ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€,
33:19
especially
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ํŠนํžˆ
33:20
for one's own Advantage. Okay, this is theย  definition here. Now, let's take a look at grossly
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž,
33:31
Grossly, grossly, misleading. Someone, whenย  you add grossly, it's the same meaning,ย ย 
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์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๋ฉด
33:39
as a lot when you're misleading. Someone, aย  lot when you're grossly, misleading, someone.ย ย 
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์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€, ๋งŽ์ด.
33:49
So, you can think in this specificย  context, you can think of this grossly asย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜
33:55
a lot and the a lot is referringย  to how much you're misleading.
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
34:01
Now if you're not sure what misleading someoneย  means, it's when you give information to somebodyย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต
34:09
that is false and you know that informationย  is false and you want that person toย ย 
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ž„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
34:21
act according to that false information.ย  So let's say I know that there's a sale on
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๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
34:31
on at the Apple Store tomorrowย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ Apple Store์—์„œ ํ• ์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ 
34:35
but they have a very limited supplyย  of iPhones that are on sale and myย ย 
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์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŒ๋งค ์ค‘์ธ iPhone์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด
34:44
friend also wants an iPhone, but there's a veryย  limited Supply and I know this sale is tomorrow,ย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ iPhone์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์ผ ์ด ํ• ์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ,
34:53
but my friend might ask me Jennifer, when's theย  sale and I say, oh, it's next week the sale is
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์ฃผ์— ์„ธ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€
35:01
Next week I just misled my friend becauseย  I gave her false information and I did itย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ
35:10
because I want to benefit in some way fromย  that. I want the sale for myself. I don'tย ย 
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ฒƒ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š”
35:17
want my friends to have the sale so Iย  just misled my friend so it's when you
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์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:26
To provide false information on purpose toย  influence, someone's actions or decisions.ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
35:40
I influence my friends decision or actionย  because she isn't going to go to the storeย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
35:48
tomorrow. She's going to go next week andย  miss the sale and then I can add four ones.
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ธ์ผ์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  4๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ
35:55
Own benefit which is right here. Once ownย  Advantage benefit, they're the same thingย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋งŒ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ. ์ผ๋‹จ ์ž์‹ ์˜ Advantage ํ˜œํƒ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰,
36:03
and it just means I am going to win andย  my friend is going to lose in some way.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:13
Now I'm going to scroll down because I sharedย  another definition of gas lighting and someย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ๋ช…์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
36:20
other examples. So let's just scroll down andย  we'll review those now and then we'll come back.ย ย 
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
36:27
So gaslighting this is a nounย  and remember you can downloadย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
36:31
this PDF so you can have this and it'sย  here's another definition I providedย ย 
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์ด PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
36:37
the action of tricking or controllingย  someone by making them believe that.
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์†์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
36:43
Things that are not true especially byย  suggesting that they may be mentally ill.ย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ.
36:50
So I included this definition because it showsย  how severe gaslighting is and is generally
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚จ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
36:59
Psychological. It's a form of tryingย  to trick someone psychologically,ย ย 
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:05
so making them think that there's somethingย  wrong with them when there isn't somethingย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:11
wrong with them. So, I shared this secondย  definition and then there's some examples,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:16
gaslighting is a form, a psychological abuseย  because you're trying to make someone thinkย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
37:22
that something is wrong with them. Now,ย  notice gaslighting, we started with our
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. ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
37:28
Aaron are Jaron because gas lighting is a noun.ย  So I'm starting my sentence with the Jaron,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Aaron are Jaron์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” Jaron์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
37:37
which acts as the subject of the sentenceย  gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ธ
37:46
his gaslighting. So it's just the actionย  belonging to him. His gas lighting was aย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ๋ช…์€
37:53
deliberate attempt to convince her thatย  she was losing her grasp on reality.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:00
When someone loses their grasp on reality.ย  It's another way of saying that they'reย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ๋•Œ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
38:08
they're going crazy in a very drasticย  way that again, it's that psychologicalย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ 
38:18
abuse. You're trying to make someone seem likeย  they aren't aren't okay in their head in their
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ํ•™๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
38:28
and so losing your grasp on reality, herย  father used a gaslighting tactic. So I wantย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์ „์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š”
38:38
you to notice how it's being used, how the wordย  is being used in these different sentences, herย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๋“ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜
38:44
father used a gaslighting tactic when he declaredย  that she must have imagined the entire episode.ย ย 
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์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์ „์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
38:53
So imagine you tell yourย  father, something traumatic that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”
38:59
Been to you, perhaps they'reย  your laptop was was stolen,ย ย 
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. ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:05
okay? And you're telling your father andย  your father is trying to convince you thatย ย 
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์•Œ์•˜์ฃ ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
39:11
you didn't have a laptop. So now you startย  to doubt yourself and you start to doubt.ย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:19
I didn't have a laptop. What I thought it wasย  stolen. I must be losing my grasp on reality.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†๋‹ค.
39:29
T. I must be going crazy. There's somethingย  wrong with me psychologically because Iย ย 
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T. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‚˜๋ด.
39:36
thought my laptop was stolen. And my father who Iย  trust is telling me I didn't even have a laptop.ย ย 
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๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
39:45
So as you can see, it's a very severe wordย  and it has a very negative consequences. Soย ย 
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
39:55
get comfortable with these example.ย  Sentences to see how you can use.
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์ด ์˜ˆ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์„ธ์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ.
39:58
Gas lighting in your speech. Now let's go back toย  our article now that you know what gasps lading isย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ๋ช…. ์ด์ œ
40:07
in this age of Miss informationย  misinformation, so notice whenย ย 
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๋ฏธ์Šค ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
40:13
we add this Miss on to information, Missย  information is false false information.
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์ด ๋ฏธ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ์Šค ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ •๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
40:24
Which is interesting because we can take our wordย  lead lead someone, but when you add Miss in frontย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์•ž์— Miss๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
40:32
of it, it means that your falsely leadingย  them so it's the same suffix in a way. So,ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ž˜๋ชป ์ธ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
40:39
just remember information but if you add miss,ย  it means false information. In this age ofย ย 
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์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:45
false information, fake news conspiracyย  theories, Twitter trolls, and deep fakes.
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ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด, ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก , ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํŠธ๋กค, ๋”ฅ ํŽ˜์ดํฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
40:52
Gaslighting has emerged as a wordย  for our time. Merriam Webster said,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋ถ€์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Merriam Webster๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:00
in a statement on Monday notice here hasย  emerged. This is our present perfect. It'sย ย 
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์›”์š”์ผ ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์—
41:07
a completed action in the past that has an impactย  on the present. The impact is now, everybody isย ย 
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ–‰๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
41:15
talking about this. It's the word of the year andย  notice gas lighting is singular. So that's why we
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค ์กฐ๋ช…์ด ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
41:22
Have has it would be conjugatedย  as it it has emerged.
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์ถœํ˜„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
41:31
Curiously. Search interest in the word wasย  not driven by any single event. The company'sย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„. ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜
41:39
editor-at-large told the Associated Press. Soย  notice your curiously now watch my face curiously.ย ย 
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ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์€ Associated Press์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
41:48
Hmm. So they're saying this to sayย  well hmm isn't that interesting? Hmmย ย 
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ํ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Œ, ์Œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ˆ? ํ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์„œ
41:55
curiously so they're sayingย  they're surprised by this
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๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”
42:01
Curiously. So, you can add that when youย  want your audience to understand that,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž ์žฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
42:06
it's not something you expected. So you might say,
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:12
Curiously, she turned down the promotion.ย  So when you turn something down,ย ย 
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
42:21
you do not accept the offer. So you can sayย  curiously, she did not accept the promotion.ย ย 
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์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
42:32
That's the meaning of to turn down is sheย  did not accept, but we would expect her to
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๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
42:42
Except the promotion, right? So if I sayย  curiously, hmm, why did she do that? Hmm,ย ย 
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์Šน์ง„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์Œ, ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„๊นŒ์š”? ํ ,
42:49
it makes you think about it. It makesย  you wonder, it's not what you expect it.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š”
42:58
Search interest in the wordย  was not driven by okay.
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๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:03
Was not driven by.
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์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
43:09
So this is a great expression, notice the sentenceย  structure because this is Advanced something
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:17
Is driven by something. Now,ย  this is another way of sayingย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด๋Š” ์›์ธ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:25
caused by. When you want to provide the reasonย  why. So I could say recent sales were driven by
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. ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
43:42
Black Friday.
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.
43:45
So, of course, all prices are reduced on Blackย  Friday, right? There's promotions. So I couldย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธํ•˜๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ  ? ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
43:53
say recent sales were driven by Black Friday.ย  This is another way of saying we're caused by.ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:03
When I want to provide the reason cause,ย  so, I can say driven by or caused by. Now,ย ย 
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์ด์œ  ์›์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
44:10
notice the sentence structureย  because this is in the passive form.
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๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
44:14
Recent sales. This is plural. There's moreย  than one. So, I mean, I need my verb to be,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋ง์€, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ be๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ,
44:23
they they were, I need my plural form ofย  the verb to be, and it's in the past simple,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ๊ณ , ๋™์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ,
44:30
because it's the passive voice. Now,ย  driven does not change because it's inย ย 
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ๊ตฌ๋™์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
44:36
the passive. If I wanted to put this in theย  active sentence, what would I do any ideas?
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
44:45
I need to start with Black Friday.
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๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:49
Drove recent sales.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
44:55
Drove is in the past, simple Drive, droveย  driven. I'll write that down for you.
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Drove๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ, ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ ์–ด ์ค„๊ฒŒ.
45:05
Drive, drove driven. Those areย  our three forms. As you can see.ย ย 
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์šด์ „ ํ•ด์š” ์šด์ „ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” ์šด์ „ ํ•ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–‘์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ.
45:11
It's irregular Black Friday, droveย  recent sales. That's the active,ย ย 
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๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
45:16
in the passive. Recent sales were drivenย  by Black Friday. So, this is our active.
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งค์ถœ์€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:26
Active.
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ํ™œ๋™์ ์ธ.
45:27
So that's an advanced structure. That willย  sound really great adding to your speech.ย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:33
Let's continue. It was a word looked upย  frequently every single day of the year.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. 1๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
45:42
Peter Soco, sokolowski your guess is as good asย  mine. Peter sokolowski told the u.s. wire service.
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Peter Soco, sokolowski ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์€ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Peter Sokolowski๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค.
45:55
So notice, here are phrasal verb to lookย  something up. This is another way of sayingย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ
46:03
to search for and we use it specifically withย  internet searches with Google searches whenย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ Google ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
46:10
you're trying to find information.ย  It was a word looked up. So thisย ย 
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. ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
46:16
is very common. Someone might ask you,ย  can you look up when the store closes?
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๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
46:25
So they want you to look it up.ย  They want you to Google. Whenย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด Google์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
46:30
does the store closed? They want you toย  find the information and then share theย ย 
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๋งค์žฅ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹  ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ
46:36
information with them. Can you look up whenย  the store closes? Did you look that up yet?ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š” ? ์•„์ง ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
46:44
So they're a few minutes later an hourย  later. Hey did you look that up yet?
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ›„ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ผ ๋„ˆ ์•„์ง ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์–ด?
46:50
Yeah, I looked it up but I couldn't find anything.
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๋„ค ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋„ค์š”.
46:59
Let me call them. So you're saying you tryingย  to find you looked it up, you Googled it. Butย ย 
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์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
47:07
there was no information available online so youย  have to call them. So very common phrasal verb.
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:18
Gaslighting derives its Origins from Hamilton's.ย  Victorian era play set in London about aย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:25
middle-class marriage based on lies and deceit.ย  That makes sense. Right? Because gas leading isย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๊ณผ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ฐ€์Šค ์œ ๋„๋Š”
47:33
all about lying to someone misleading. Someoneย  remember misleading Miss information to try toย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” Miss ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์—ฌ
47:41
make someone think they're losing theirย  grasp on reality. They're going crazy.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
47:48
Lead character, Jack, Manningham seeksย  to convince his wife. Bella that she isย ย 
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์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ์žญ ๋งค๋‹ํ–„์€ ์•„๋‚ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
47:55
going insane. So insane is another way of sayingย  you're losing your grasp on reality including byย ย 
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๋ฏธ์ณ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฒจ๋ผ. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์ด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
48:04
saying she is Imagining the dimming of the gasย  light in their home. Oh this is interesting.ย ย 
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. ์˜ค ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
48:12
This is interesting because it shows youย  where the word comes from because isn't it?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
48:18
Beard gaslighting. What is that?ย  What kind of word is that? Well,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜์—ผ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…. ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์—์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ,
48:23
it's from this play where this exact situationย  happened. Hmm, this is very interesting to meย ย 
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ ,
48:31
at least because I had no idea where thisย  term came from. So the gas light is justย ย 
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ์ €
48:37
the light but of course, back in 1930s, theyย  used gas to light their lamps and their home.
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๋น›์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  1930๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋žจํ”„์™€ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
48:48
The play was twice adopted for the screen inย  the UK, in 1940. Then in the u.s. in 1944,ย ย 
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์—ฐ๊ทน์€ 1940๋…„์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1944๋…„์—
48:56
the American version which stars in Greg Bergman,ย  won two Academy Awards and is preserved inย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‰ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋งŒ์ด ์ฃผ์—ฐ์„ ๋งก์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํŒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
49:04
the US national film registry as a culturallyย  historically or aesthetically significant work.ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์  ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜ํ™” ๋“ฑ๋ก์†Œ์— ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:12
So, that just tells you aboutย  the importance of the film, which
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:18
Didn't know anything about this film, so that'sย  quite interesting. Now, maybe I'll watch thisย ย 
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์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
49:22
film, but as Merriam-Webster notes while the termย  referred primarily, to psychological manipulationย ย 
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Merriam-Webster๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ
49:31
in the 20th century, it's modern use is drivenย  by the vast increase in channels and Technologiesย ย 
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€
49:41
used to mislead people, especially inย  personal and political context. So this
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, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
49:48
is interesting. There are saying
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ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
49:52
Primarily it was about psychologicalย  what? I didn't have a laptop or why the
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์™œ
50:00
light
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50:00
was always this bright. They're trying to trickย  you psychologically, but there are saying now,ย ย 
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์กฐ๋ช…์ด
ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์€์ง€. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
50:06
the word is evolving into using more Generalย  Miss information. Remember Miss information,ย ย 
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ General Miss ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Miss ์ •๋ณด,
50:14
false information. And here, they'reย  showing us again the word mislead Miss Lee.
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ํ—ˆ์œ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ Miss Lee๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
50:22
Because there are channels and Technologiesย  used to mislead people. So there might be aย ย 
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์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ
50:28
channel telling you that you should do this forย  some specific reason. But they're misleading,ย ย 
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์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:37
you is false information and it could be forย  a personal gain or a political gain as well.ย ย 
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๊ท€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ด์ต ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
50:45
And notice again is driven byย  its modern use. So it being
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
50:52
Being the term gaslighting. So the modernย  use of the term gaslighting is driven byย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
51:01
so it's caused by the vast increase. Vast meansย  a lot of vast increase. So it's a significantย ย 
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
51:16
increase that could be another way of thinkingย  of it. That's another very useful adjectives.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:21
Adjective to have significant.
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์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ.
51:25
Increase vast increase. So these areย  just terms to say, increase a lot there,ย ย 
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ '๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค',
51:34
adjectives, significant increase fastย  increase. That's an adjective there.
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ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, 'ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค', '๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:41
And significant increase, that's a veryย  Advanced adjectives and seeing with vastย ย 
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
51:45
increase. Of course, it sounds a lot moreย  advanced than saying it increased a lot. Itย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งŽ์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ง„๋ณด๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:51
increased a lot. There was a significantย  increase significant increase. There wasย ย 
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๋งŽ์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
51:57
a vast increase, so that's a greatย  Advanced adjective that you can useย ย 
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ
52:04
and that's the end of the article. So now, youย  know, all about gaslighting, the word of the year.
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์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ธ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:10
Year. So now I'm going to readย  the article from start to finishย ย 
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๋…„๋„. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ
52:13
so you can practice along with my pronunciation.
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์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
52:19
Gaslighting Merriam-Webster Pink's. Itsย  word of the year. When British playwright,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… Merriam-Webster Pink's. ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€
52:26
Patrick Hamilton wrote Gaslight in 1938.ย  Little, did he know how often the word wouldย ย 
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ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์ด 1938๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์„ ๋•Œ . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
52:34
be used in the 21st century. Merriam-Websterย  America's oldest, dictionary publisher hasย ย 
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. Merriam-Webster ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”
52:41
just chosen gaslighting as its word of the Yearย  searches on its website for the word, have spy.
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
52:50
By 1700 40% in 2022. According to the companyย ย 
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2022๋…„ 1700๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 40%. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
52:57
gaslighting is the act or practiceย  of grossly, misleading. Someone,ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€,
53:03
especially for one's own advantage. Inย  this age of Miss information of fake news,ย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด. ๊ฐ€์งœ๋‰ด์Šค, ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก ์˜ ๋ฏธ์Šค์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๋Œ€
53:11
conspiracy theories. Twitter trolls and deep fakesย  gaslighting has emerged as a word for our time.
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. ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ ํŠธ๋กค๊ณผ ๋”ฅ ํŽ˜์ดํฌ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:19
Merriam Webster said in a statement on Mondayย  curiously, search interest in the word was notย ย 
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Merriam Webster๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด
53:26
driven by any single event. The company'sย  editor-at-large told the Associated Press,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š” Associated Press์— ์—ฐ์ค‘
53:32
it was a word looked up frequently everyย  single day of the year. Peter sokolowskiย ย 
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๋งค์ผ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Peter Sokolowski๋Š”
53:40
told the u.s. wire service gaslighting derivesย  its Origins from Hamilton's victorian-era play.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์˜ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
53:48
And in about a middle-class marriage basedย  on lies and deceit lead, character, Jack,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๊ณผ ์†์ž„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์žญ
53:56
Manningham seeks to convince his wife, Bellaย  that she is going insane. Including by sayingย ย 
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๋งค๋‹ํ–„์€ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฒจ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
54:04
she is Imagining the dimming of the gasย  light in their home. The play was twice,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์ด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ํฌ๊ณก์€
54:10
adopted for the screen in the UK, in 1940. Thenย  in the u.s. in 1944, the American version, which
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1940๋…„์— ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1944๋…„์—
54:19
Which stars Ingrid, Bergman won, twoย  Academy Awards and is preserved inย ย 
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Ingrid, Bergman์ด ์ฃผ์—ฐ์„ ๋งก์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญํŒ์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋ณด์กด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
54:25
the u.s. National film registry as a culturallyย  historically or aesthetically significant work.ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ™” ๋“ฑ๋ก.
54:32
But as Merriam-Webster notes,ย  while the term referred primarily,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Merriam-Webster๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š”
54:36
to psychological manipulationย  in the 20th century is modern,ย ย 
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
54:41
use is driven by the vast increase in channelsย  and Technologies used to mislead people especially
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
54:49
Really in personal and political context. Amazingย  job with this lesson. If you're up for it,ย ย 
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. ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
54:58
I have another lesson right here that I knowย  you're going to love and make sure you get yourย ย 
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”
55:03
free speaking guide where I share six tips on howย  to speak English fluently, and confidently. Youย ย 
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์„ธ์š” .
55:09
can get it from my website right here and whenย  you're ready, get started with your next lesson.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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