ECONOMIC VOCABULARY: Words & Phrases You Should Know

13,223 views ใƒป 2025-04-10

JForrest English


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
The number one requested topic for vocabularyย  that I receive is economic vocabulary.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์–ดํœ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ
00:07
You need to understand terms like inflation,ย  recession, GDP, tariffs for your daily lifeย ย 
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์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด, GDP, ๊ด€์„ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:15
when you're discussing current eventsย  and and for your language exam today.
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00:20
You'll learn everything you need to knowย  in this economic vocabulary master class.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์šฉ์–ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
Welcome back to JForrest English.
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JForrest English์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Of course, I'm Jennifer.
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๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด์ฃ , ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:28
Now let's get started.
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
This master class is divided into 5 sections,ย  Core economic concepts, Market and Trade Terms,ย ย 
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์ด ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ ํด๋ž˜์Šค๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์šฉ์–ด,
00:38
Business and investment, Employmentย  and Wages, and Policies and government.
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์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ํˆฌ์ž, ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์ž„๊ธˆ, ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” 5๊ฐœ ์„น์…˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
First, let's review core economicย  concepts, Supply and demand.
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๋จผ์ €, ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
This is a noun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
They're commonly used together,ย  but they can be used separately.
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์ด ๋‘˜์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
Supply and demand is the balance between productย  availability, supply and consumer desire.
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์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Demand, which effects price.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”.
01:05
And that's why it's important, becauseย  supply and demand often determines price.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
You see this with housingย  prices, with real estate.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
Housing prices are soaring because demand is high.
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์ฃผํƒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
People want houses, but supply is low.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง‘์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
There aren't available houses.
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์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฃผํƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
So this year we've seen soaringย  prices and a sharp increase in sales.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์ถœ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Now notice the verb I used soaring.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์‚ฌ 'soaring'์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
01:32
The verb to soar means toย  rise quickly and dramatically.
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๋™์‚ฌ '์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
The verb is often used in economic news.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Using this verb, you can say myย  English confidence is soaring.
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์ด ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด ์˜์–ด ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๊ธ‰์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And that's hopefully what you're thinkingย  and what these lessons help you do.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
So if you're thinking not put, that's right,ย  that's right, put that's right in the comments.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด '๋„ฃ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”'๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์•„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:55
And don't worry about taking notes becauseย  I summarize everything in a free lesson PDF.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
You can find the link in the description.
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์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Let's talk about inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:04
This is a noun and it means risingย  prices that reduce the value of money.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
So if you have $100 under yourย  bed in three years from now,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 3๋…„ ํ›„์— ์นจ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ‘์— 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด , ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ
02:19
that $100 could be worth lessย  because overall prices are higher.
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๊ทธ 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
02:26
So that $100 will buy you less things.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
That's because of inflation, Congress.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์•ผ, ์˜ํšŒ.
02:33
Should be focused.
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
On keeping inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ.
02:36
In check.
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ํ™•์ธ ์ค‘.
02:37
Generally people say in day-to-dayย  conversations everything costs more now.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Inflation has made groceriesย  and rent much pricier.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ ๊ณผ ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
Notice to be pricey.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ํŽธ์ž„์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
But in my example, I used the comparative pricier.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
So to be pricey, this simply means expensive.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
So much pricier means more expensive.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
Now let's talk about deflation.
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์ด์ œ ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We have inflation and deflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
This is also a noun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
It means falling prices, often due to weak demand.
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
Now deflation, falling prices.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋””ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ํ•˜๋ฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
It might sound good in theory, but itย  usually means businesses are struggling.
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์ด๋ก ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
So it isn't a good conceptย  for the overall economy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
Now recession.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
You hear this everyday in the newsย  and people discuss this concept.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
This is a period of economicย  decline with job losses andย ย 
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์ด๋Š”
03:44
slower growth growth in the overall economy.
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์ „์ฒด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‘”ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์นจ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
You can say hiring freezes and layoffsย  suggest we might be heading into a recession.
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๊ณ ์šฉ ๋™๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด๋กœ ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So notice that phrasal verb toย  head into this means to go into,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 'to head into'๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” 'go into'๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:01
so it means entering A recession.
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๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ฒด์— ๋Œ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Now a hiring freeze.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ฑ„์šฉ์ด ๋™๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
This is a temporary stop on hiring new employees.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ง์› ์ฑ„์šฉ์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๊ณ 
04:09
Layoffs.
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.
04:10
This represents job loss due to company cutbacks.
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์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์†์‹ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
Let's talk about the concept of boom and bust.
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ํ˜ธํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
They are also commonly usedย  together, but it's not required.
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๋‘ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
A boom is rapid economic growth.
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๋ถ์€ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
04:24
A bust is a sudden downturn,ย  so it's sudden decline.
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์นจ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์นจ์ฒด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Tech companies thrived, performed very well,ย ย 
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๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
04:32
thrived during the boom, theย  period of economic growth.
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ํ˜ธํ™ฉ๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
But now many are going under in the bust.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํŒŒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
So to go under this means to fail to permanentlyย  close Section 2 market and trade terms.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„น์…˜ 2 ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ์‡„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Let's talk about a free market.
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์ž์œ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ž.
04:54
This is an economy where prices and businessesย  operate with little government control.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
In a free market, competition keeps pricesย  fair, but it can also lead to monopolies.
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์ž์œ  ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
A monopoly this is when oneย  company dominates a marketย ย 
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๋…์ ์ด๋ž€ ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:13
with no competition and this is notย  good for overall economic growth is a.
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, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Plethora of choice necessary in a free market.
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์ž์œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์ด ๋„“์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
I believe it is both a good and bad thing.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
Now, tariffs, you hear thisย  a lot in the news right now.
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๊ด€์„ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
This is a noun, and tariffs are taxes.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๊ด€์„ธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
They're taxes on imported goods,ย  often to protect local businesses.
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์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ’ˆ์— ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ, ์ข…์ข… ์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Now, I said you hear this aย  lot in the news right now.
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์ด์ œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:44
At the time of this recording, Donald Trump isย  threatening to impose tariffs on many countries,ย ย 
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์ด ๋…น์Œ ๋‹น์‹œ, ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:52
including my country, Canada and Mexico.
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.
05:56
Now, notice I used to impose a tariff.
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
05:59
This is to officially force a ruralย  tax like a tariff or a punishment.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์„ธ๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†์ดŒ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Now I also used the word imports.
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
So let's talk about imports and exports.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
Of course, imports are goodsย  brought into a country andย ย 
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ด๊ณ 
06:15
exports are goods sold abroad exiting the country.
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์ˆ˜์ถœ์ด๋ž€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Electronics are the country's main import,ย ย 
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์ „์ž์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ’ˆ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
06:24
so that's the noun form, andย  sugar is its primary export.
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๋ช…์‚ฌํ˜•์ด๊ณ , ์„คํƒ•์€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ถœํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Notice I use main and primary.
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main๊ณผ primary๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
06:31
They're interchangeable and commonlyย  used with import and export.
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์ด ๋‘˜์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ตํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ž… ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ถœ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Now you can also use the verb form andย  you can say the US imports a lot of oil.
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์ด์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
So notice it has that S because it's theย  present simple conjugated with the subject,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ S๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ฆ‰
06:48
the US third person singular.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ 3์ธ์นญ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
the US imports a lot of oil while itย  exports agricultural products like corn.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
06:57
So oil is entering the country,ย  corn is exiting the country.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ , ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
Let's talk about trade deficit and trade surplus.
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๋ฌด์—ญ ์ ์ž์™€ ๋ฌด์—ญ ํ‘์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
So a trade deficit happens when aย  country imports more than it exports.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ ์ž๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ถœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And then a trade surplus, well, it's the opposite.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—ญ ํ‘์ž๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
It's when a country exports more than it imports.
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
So the country's trade deficit is growing becauseย  it buys more from other nations than it sells.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ ์ ์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
We're both strong supporters of free tradeย  and today we've discussed how to takeย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
07:38
forward consultations to ensure that the UK and USย  have the strongest possible trading relationship.
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์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด์—ญ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ˜‘์˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Let's talk about a bubble.
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๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ž.
07:43
This is a noun.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
So a bubble is when asset pricesย  rise far above their true value.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด๋ž€ ์ž์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
The real estate bubble burst in the US in 2008.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2008๋…„์— ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
Did you read about that?
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
08:00
Now notice I used burst in my sentence.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ burst๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
08:05
It is a verb, but it can also be used as a noun.
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๋™์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋กœ๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
And to burst or all burst is the suddenย  collapse of those inflated prices.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ„ฐ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ„ฐ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
So inflated means they'reย  bigger than they should be,ย ย 
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:20
and then burst is when they goย  back down to a smaller size.
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ํ„ฐ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋” ์ž‘์€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
Section 3 Business and investment.
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์ œ3์ ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ ํˆฌ์ž
08:29
Let's talk about a market crash.
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์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ•๊ดด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ž.
08:32
This is a sudden and sharp drop in stock prices.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
So the 2008 market crash wiped outย  billions in retirement savings.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2008๋…„ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ์€ํ‡ด ์ €์ถ•์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
You can also say the 2008 market crashย  happened when the real estate bubble,ย ย 
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2008๋…„ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
08:52
the inflated prices when that bubbleย  burst, so when it quickly collapsed.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ  , ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Frankly, I think before the the marketย  crash of 2008, many Americans looked atย ย 
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์ €๋Š” 2008๋…„ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์ด์ „์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด
09:04
Social Security as you know, it's greensย  fees, you know, I'll, I'll take it at 62.
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐํ”ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์š”. 62์„ธ์— ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:09
So what if it's reduced?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ• ์ธ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋•Œ์š”? ๋ณ„๋กœ
09:10
It's no big.
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09:10
Deal Now, of course, the stock market.
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ํฐ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์ฃ .
09:13
This is the place where shares of companies.
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
So a share represents ownership in a company.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์‹์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
A share of companies are bought and sold.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹์€ ๋งค๋งค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
The stock market dropped today or the stockย  market rose Today you can use both of those,ย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:31
and every day the stock market does both, itย  drops and it rises usually like this every day.
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์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋งค์ผ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํ†ต ๋งค์ผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Now let's talk about a bullย  market and a bear market.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•ฝ์„ธ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:42
Have you heard these terms?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
09:44
A bull market is when stockย  prices trend up over time.
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๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
So it's not just today,ย  it's over a period of time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:53
So this represents a strong economy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
A bear market is when stockย  prices trend down over time.
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ํ•˜๋ฝ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
So not just for a day or a week,ย  it's a longer period of time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋‚˜ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
10:07
It's a trend.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ถ”์„ธ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:08
You can say investors made hugeย  profits during the bull market,ย ย 
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ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ ๋•Œ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
10:13
but now we're in a bear marketย  and stocks are crashing.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•ฝ์„ธ์žฅ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
So to crash this is a sudden and sharp decline.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํญ๋ฝ์€ ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ
10:21
You know, I can tell you we'veย  had a six year bull market.
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๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
There are a lot of bull market geniusesย  out there right now who've got who haveย ย 
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋Š”
10:27
just been piling into the most speculativeย  stocks and they've been rewarded for that.
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ํˆฌ๊ธฐ์  ์ฃผ์‹์— ๋ชฐ๋ ค๋“ค์–ด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฐ•์„ธ์žฅ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:31
Let's talk about consumer spending.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
This is the money peopleย  spend on goods and services.
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์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
It's a key parts of the economy.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Now when inflation goes up,ย  consumers generally spend less.
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์ด์ œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ง€์ถœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
So you can say consumer spending shrank during Q1,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
10:50
but is expected to bounceย  back, improve, recover by Q3.
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3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณต๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
Do you know what I mean by Q1 and Q3?
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Q1๊ณผ Q3์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:59
Well, first let's talk about to shrink.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋จผ์ € ์ถ•์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:01
This means to reduce in size or amount.
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์ด๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์–‘์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
And for Q1Q3, this represents the fiscal year,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋ถ„๊ธฐ์™€ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
the fiscal year, which is 12 months,ย  but it's not the calendar year.
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ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋Š” 12๊ฐœ์›”์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
The fiscal year is generally divided intoย ย 
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ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
11:19
four quarters and those quarters areย  Q123Q4 and each last three months.
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4๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” Q123Q4์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ 3๊ฐœ์›”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
So Q1 represents January, February, March,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ ์—ฐ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Q1์€ 1์›”, 2์›”, 3์›”์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
if you use the calendar year as yourย  fiscal year, which isn't a requirement.
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ํšŒ๊ณ„์—ฐ๋„๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
So let's talk about credit.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‹ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ฃ .
11:35
This is Money borrowed that mustย  be repaid and often with interest.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋นŒ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ์ด๋ฉฐ , ์ข…์ข… ์ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
So you can buy a house or a car on credit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Now, higher interest rates make it moreย  expensive to buy a car or house on credit.
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์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์ด์ž์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ์„œ ์‹ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋น„์‹ธ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
Section 4.
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์ œ4์ ˆ
11:56
Employment and wages.
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๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž„๊ธˆ.
11:58
Let's talk about the unemployment rate.
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์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด์ž.
12:00
This is often in the news.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
This is the percentage of people whoย  are jobless but looking for work.
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์—… ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
So retired people, children,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์€ํ‡ด์ž, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š”
12:10
they are not in the employment unemploymentย  rate because they aren't looking for work.
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์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
You can say the unemployment rate dropped lastย  month, showing signs of job market recovery.
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์ง€๋‚œ๋‹ฌ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ํ•˜๋ฝํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ , ์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง•ํ›„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
So it's a positive thing when theย  unemployment rate goes down, drops.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Now the job market, this is the availabilityย  of jobs and the competition for them.
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์ด์ œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด๋ž€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
For example, with so many layoffs, the jobย  market is getting tougher for new graduates.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ ๊ทœ ์กธ์—…์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ทจ์—… ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๋”์šฑ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Remember, we already discussed layoffs.
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•ด๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
This is job loss due to company cutbacks,ย  so companies aren't spending as much money.
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์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ
12:56
The two fastest growing occupationsย  in the entire job market are solarย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง์—…์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘
13:00
panel installers and wind turbine technicians.
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ํŒจ๋„ ์„ค์น˜์ž์™€ ํ’๋ ฅ ํ„ฐ๋นˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
Now let's talk about the cost of living.
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์ด์ œ ์ƒํ™œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
This is the amount of money needed toย  cover basic expenses like housing and food.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„์™€ ์‹๋น„ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
So you can see the rising cost of livingย  driven by inflation is making it harderย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
13:20
for many families to afford basicย  necessities like groceries, rent.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ, ์ž„๋Œ€๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
So notice I used to be driven by, Thisย  is very common in economic news to beย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”. ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š”
13:32
driven by this means to cause something to happen.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
Let's talk about the concept of productivity.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
This is the amount of workย  produced in a given time.
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์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
So productivity is a general term,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์šฉ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
13:48
but in the context of the economy,ย  it's the amount of work produced.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
For example, companies are investingย  in AI to boost worker productivity.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด AI์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
So boost, increase and cut costs.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ค„์ด์„ธ์š”.
14:02
So to cut costs means toย  reduce or eliminate costs.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์—†์• ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
Now let me share a common idiom with you whichย  you might know, which is to make ends meet.
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ํ”ํ•œ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋ฐ”๋กœ '์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๋งž์ถฐ๊ฐ€๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
This is to earn just enough to coverย  expenses but not anything additional.
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์ด๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•  ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ๋ฒŒ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
So you don't have a lot ofย  additional consumer spending.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:26
So you can say with inflation causing the costย  of living to soar to increase, suddenly manyย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒํ™œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋งŽ์€
14:35
families are struggling to make ends meet orย  struggling to cover their basic necessities.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•„์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถฉ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
Section 5 Policies and government.
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์„น์…˜ 5 ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€.
14:48
Do you know what the conceptย  of monetary policy is?
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ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:52
Well, this relates to central bank decisions,ย  for example, setting interest rates.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ด๋Š” ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด์ž์œจ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
And they do this to control inflation and growth.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
So, for example, you see things in the newsย  like the Federal Reserve raised interestย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ค€๋น„์ œ๋„๊ฐ€
15:09
rates so they made them higher as part ofย  its monetary policy to fight inflation.
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์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:18
Now let's compare this to fiscal policy.
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:20
Fiscal policy represents governmentย ย 
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์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
15:23
decisions on taxation and publicย  spending to manage the economy.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
So you can say the government is using fiscalย  policy to stimulate growth by cutting taxes.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ธํ•˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
So it's their decision on howย  to manage their resources.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ž์›์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ• ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
15:41
The present over the future,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ โ€‹โ€‹๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
15:43
including fiscal policy and what wouldย  be the equivalent of monetary policy.
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ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ • ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Rome's under stretch over a period of time ledย  to its rot far more than its military adventure.
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๋กœ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์„ธ์›”์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฒช์€ ๊ณผ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋ชจํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฐ ์‡ ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:55
Now, of course, taxes, you know what this is.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ๋ญ”์ง€๋Š” ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
This is Money collected by the governmentย  from individuals and businesses.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ์€ ๋ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
So here are some phrases thatย  you as a consumer need to know.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:11
When are taxes due?
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:13
Because you need to pay your taxes.
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:15
When are taxes due?
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์€ ์–ธ์ œ ๋‚ฉ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
16:18
When is the deadline?
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๋งˆ๊ฐ์ผ์€ ์–ธ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
16:20
So the final date, the deadlineย  to file taxes, to submit taxes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์‹ ๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ธˆ ์ œ์ถœ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚ ์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
So you can use to submit taxes, but weย  commonly use the verb file to file taxes.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ file์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
Now let's talk about national debt.
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์ด์ œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
This is the total money a government owes.
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋นš์ง„ ์ด ๊ธˆ์•ก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:41
So it's the debt, the amount owning owing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋นš์ด๋ž€, ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นš์˜ ์•ก์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:45
There can be consumer debt, personal debt,ย  but national debt is what your country owes.
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์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€์ฑ„, ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
So you can say the national debt is soaring,ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
16:55
increasing sharply as the governmentย  borrows heavily to cover is budget deficit.
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
So our deficit or a budget deficit,ย  this is when spending exceeds revenue.
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ์ž๋Š” ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
Now let me share another idiom.
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์ด์ œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์šฉ์–ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
To be in the red or to be in the black.
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์ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜.
17:17
So both of these use the verb to be and in the.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋™์‚ฌ to be์™€ in the๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
So notice that sentence structure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:22
If you're in the red, it'sย  bad, you're losing money.
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์ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:27
That's why a lot of companiesย  will say we're bleeding.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
17:30
We're bleeding because red bloodย  and it's gushing out of them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ถ‰์€ ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” . ๋งˆ์น˜
17:36
It's like money is leaving them.
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๋ˆ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
17:38
We're bleeding, we're in the red in the black.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ‘์ž๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ ์ž๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:41
That's positive.
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๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋„ค์š”.
17:43
It means the company is profitable.
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์ด๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
So you can say after years of being in the red.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚ธ ํ›„์—์•ผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
17:50
So remember you need the verb to be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋™์‚ฌ be๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:52
In this case, is conjugated in theย  gerund form because our preposition ofย ย 
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
17:57
after years of being in the red, the newย  technology helped the company cut costs,ย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ํ›„, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
18:03
reduce cost, eliminate cost,ย  and move into the black.
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ  , ํ‘์ž๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถ„์‚ฌํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:08
So we commonly use the phrasalย  verb to move into to talk aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
18:13
the transition from one category to the other.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ 'to move into'๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๊ตฌ ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:16
Now this may be a lesson you need toย  review again and again because theseย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณต์Šตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ตํ›ˆ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ
18:21
terms may be new to you and mayย  be intimidating, but I promise.
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์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋‘๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ์†๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:26
Watch it again.
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18:26
Review the lesson PDF, you can get it inย  the description and I know you will haveย ย 
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
์ˆ˜์—… PDF๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
18:32
no difficulty under understanding these conceptsย  when you see them in the news or when your family,ย ย 
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๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ,
18:38
your Co workers, your friends are discussingย  economic issues because they affect all of us.
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๋™๋ฃŒ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
So do you want me to keep helping youย  understand and learn advanced vocabulary?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์–ดํœ˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
18:49
If you do put let's go, let'sย  go put let's go in the comments.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด 'let's go, let's go'๋ฅผ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋Œ“๊ธ€์— 'let's go'๋ฅผ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
18:53
And of course, make sure you like this lesson,ย  share it with your friends and subscribe.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
18:57
So you're notified every time I post a new lesson.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
19:00
And you can get this free speakingย  guide where I share 6 tips on howย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
19:03
to speak English fluently and confidently.
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์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:05
You can click here to download it orย  look for the link in the description.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
19:09
And here's another lesson I know you'll love.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:11
Make sure you watch it now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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