Read the NEWS in English ๐ŸŒ Advanced Vocabulary and Grammar from BBC

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ์ž๋ง‰์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Would you like to read an article from the BBCย  with me? And make sure you watch right until theย ย 
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ BBC ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„๋ž˜์š” ? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜์„ธ์š”
00:05
end, because I'm going to read the article in fullย  at the end so you can follow along and practiceย ย 
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. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ €๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:11
your pronunciation by imitating me. And alsoย  at the end, I'll share the link to the free PDFย ย 
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. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—
00:18
that you can download and get the notes from thisย  lesson. So you'll have the article with all theย ย 
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๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ PDF ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ๋ชจ๋“ 
00:25
vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure thatย  we review today. Welcome back to JForrestEnglishย ย 
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์–ดํœ˜, ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . JForrestEnglish ๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:31
training. Of course, I'm Jennifer and this is yourย  place to become fluent confident English speaker.ย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ €๋Š” ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ์ด๊ณ  ์ด๊ณณ์€ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
Let's get started. Welcome to our article, thatย  headline is gaslighting Merriam Webster's wordย ย 
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์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ž. ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ์˜ค์‹  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ—ค๋“œ๋ผ์ธ์€ Merriam Webster์˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:48
of the year. Of course, Merriam Webster is theย  dictionary, the most common dictionary in Americanย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  Merriam Webster๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ
00:56
English Cambridge dictionary being the most commonย  in British English. And their word of the year isย ย 
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ Cambridge ์‚ฌ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š”
01:05
gaslighting. Don't worry if you don't know whatย  this is, you'll learn all about gaslighting theย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” .
01:12
new word of the year in this lesson. So let'sย  continue on when British playwright Patrickย ย 
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์ด๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ
01:19
Hamilton wrote gas light in 1938. Little did heย  know how often the word would be used in the 21stย ย 
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ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์ด 1938๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
century. So this explains the image right here.ย  It's from the film gaslight, I personally have notย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ํ™” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
01:41
seen this film. I have never heard of this film.ย  As you can see, it's from 1938, which is probablyย ย 
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์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 1938๋…„์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๋งˆ
01:50
why I haven't heard of it. Now. They will giveย  us the definition of gaslight. Merriam Webster,ย ย 
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๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
America's oldest dictionary publisher has justย  chosen gaslighting as its Word of the Year,ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Merriam Webster๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:07
searches on his website for the word have spikedย  by 1,740% in 2022, according to the company.ย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ด 2022๋…„์— 1,740% ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Now let's take a look at this. searches haveย  spiked, have spiked. So when something spikesย ย 
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์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๋•Œ
02:29
generally it's something that is on a chartย  or on a graph. And when you have a spike,ย ย 
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจํŠธ ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
02:35
it's a very sharp and sudden increase. So you canย  think of it as a drastic increase. Let me giveย ย 
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ ์นด๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
you another example using spike. Remember, thisย  is our verb. So we need to conjugate our verb,ย ย 
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์ŠคํŒŒ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋™์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
I could say gas prices have spiked, haveย  spiked. In recent months, it's been monthsย ย 
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
now in recent months, gas prices have spiked.ย  So they went from here to here quite quickly,ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฝค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ”๊ณ ,
03:13
there was a drastic increase have spiked. And Whatย  verb tense Am I using right here, have spiked.ย ย 
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ์‹œ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š”
03:24
I'm using the present perfect to show an actionย  that started in the past, and continues until now.ย ย 
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:35
And you know that because I also say inย  recent months, in recent months, right here.ย ย 
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Now also notice I have have, because gas prices,ย  this is plural. So this is what subject it's it,ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ณต์ˆ˜ํ˜•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋‘์„ธ์š” . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
I you, he she it, we they, you canย  always think back to the subject,ย ย 
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I you, he she it, we they, you can always back back the subject,
03:56
this is they have spiked. So ifย  I had something singular, such asย ย 
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this is they have spiked. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
04:06
the price of milk has spiked, the price of milkย  has spiked. Now I can definitely use it without aย ย 
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์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์—†์ด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜
04:18
time reference and still use the present perfect.ย  This shows a past action. So this is a completedย ย 
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์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ
04:27
past action. Okay, but I haven't in the presentย  perfect because there is an impact on the present.ย ย 
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
When I go to the grocery store today, I haveย  to pay more money for milk. That's the impactย ย 
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์‹๋ฃŒํ’ˆ์ ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์šฐ์œ ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:44
on the present. Even though the action of theย  price increase is completed. It's in the past,ย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ธ์ƒ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
04:52
so that's why it's in the present perfect. Andย  notice how I'm not saying milk has spiked Thatย ย 
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
05:01
doesn't really make sense milk. What about it?ย  It's the price of milk the price. So that's why Iย ย 
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์šฐ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ง์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋•Œ? ์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€
05:08
said here gas prices, gas prices have spiked, theย  price of milk has spiked and are subject for thisย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์šฐ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
is it? If you turn it into a subject I you he sheย  it? And that's why we have has, it has they have.ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด I you he she it? ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
So you can use this when you have items on a chartย  price is a great one, sales could have spiked asย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจํŠธ์— ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ๋งค๋„ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
05:42
well, which is really positive you see a drasticย  increase in sales, sales have spiked for example.ย ย 
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๊ฐ™์ด ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
05:52
Now you're probably wondering, well,ย  what is gaslighting? What does this mean?ย ย 
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
05:59
gaslighting is the act or practice of grosslyย  misleading someone, especially for one's ownย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:10
advantage. Okay, this is the definitionย  here. Now let's take a look at grossly,ย ย 
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. ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ,
06:19
grossly, grossly misleading someone. Whenย  you add grossly. It's the same meaning asย ย 
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์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
06:28
a lot when you're misleading someone a lotย  when you're grossly misleading someone.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋งŽ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
So you can think in this specificย  context, you can think of this grossly asย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  , ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:43
a lot. And the a lot is referring to how muchย  you're misleading. Now, if you're not sure whatย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ
06:51
misleading someone means, it's when you giveย  information to somebody that is false. And youย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€
07:01
know that information is false. And you want thatย  person to act according to that false information.ย ย 
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๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
So let's say I know that there's a sale on at theย  Apple store tomorrow, but they have a very limitedย ย 
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๋‚ด์ผ Apple Store์—์„œ ํ• ์ธ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:26
supply of iPhones that are on sale. And my friendย  also wants an iPhone. But there's a very limitedย ย 
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ํŒ๋งค ์ค‘์ธ iPhone์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋„ iPhone์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
supply. And I know this sale is tomorrow. But myย  friend might ask me, Jennifer, when's the sale.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋‹ˆํผ, ์„ธ์ผ์ด ์–ธ์ œ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And I say, oh, it's next week. The sale is nextย  week. I just misled my friend because I gave herย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค, ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์นœ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ
07:55
false information. And I did it because I want toย  benefit in some way from that. I want the sale forย ย 
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŒ๋งค๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:04
myself, I don't want my friend to have the sale.ย  So I just misled my friend. So it's when youย ย 
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. ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
08:14
to provide false information on purpose toย  influence someone's actions or decisions.ย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
I influence my friend's decision or actionย  because she isn't going to go to the storeย ย 
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:35
tomorrow. She's going to go next week and miss theย  sale. And then I can add for one's own benefit.ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์„ธ์ผ์„ ๋†“์น  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
Which is right here one's own advantageย  benefit. They're the same thing. And itย ย 
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:52
just means I am going to win and myย  friend is going to lose in some way.ย ย 
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
Now I'm going to scroll down because I sharedย  another definition of gaslighting and some otherย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€
09:08
examples. So let's just scroll down and we'llย  review those now. And then we'll come back.ย ย 
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์Šคํฌ๋กคํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
So gaslighting, this is a noun and remember,ย  you can download this PDF so you can have thisย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
and it's here's another definition, I providedย  the action of tricking or controlling someoneย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋Š”
09:29
by making them believe things that are not true,ย  especially by suggesting that they may be mentallyย ย 
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:37
ill. So I included this definition because itย  shows how severe gaslighting is and is generallyย ย 
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์•„ํ”Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚จ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
psychological. It's a form of trying to trickย  someone psychologically. So making them thinkย ย 
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. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ด๋ ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ
09:55
that there's something wrong with them whenย  there isn't something wrong with dump. So Iย ย 
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๋คํ”„์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š”
10:01
shared the second definition and then there's someย  examples. gaslighting is a form of psychologicalย ย 
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:07
abuse because you're trying to make someone thinkย  that something is wrong with them. Now noticeย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ
10:13
gaslighting we started with our Jaren our Jarenย  because gaslighting is a noun, so I'm startingย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— Jaren์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์–ด
10:22
my sentence with the Jaren, which acts as theย  subject of the sentence. gaslighting is a form ofย ย 
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์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” Jaren์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
psychological abuse. His gaslighting, so is justย  the action belonging to him. His gaslighting wasย ย 
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. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…๋„ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€
10:40
a deliberate attempt to convince her that sheย  was losing her grasp on reality. When someoneย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€
10:48
loses their grasp on reality, it's another way ofย  saying that they're, they're going crazy in a veryย ย 
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ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ
11:01
drastic way that again, it's that psychologicalย  abuse so you're trying to make someone seemย ย 
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๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ณ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•™๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:09
like they aren't, aren't okay in their head inย  their mind, so losing your grasp on reality.ย ย 
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. ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค ํŒŒ์•…์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Her father used a gaslighting tactic, soย  I want you to notice how it's being usedย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์ „์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด
11:28
how the word is being used in these differentย  sentences. Her father used a gaslighting tactic,ย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Œ์— ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ ์–ธํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์ „์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:35
when he declared that she must have imagined theย  entire episode. So imagine you tell your father,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ,
11:45
something traumatic that happened to you,ย  perhaps there, your laptop was, was stolen,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ผ, ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:53
okay, and you're telling your father, andย  your father is trying to convince you thatย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”
11:58
you didn't have a laptop. So now, you startย  to doubt yourself and you start to doubt,ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. . ์ด์ œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
I didn't have a laptop what? I thought it wasย  stolen, I must be losing my grasp on reality,ย ย 
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๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ญ? ๋„๋‘‘๋งž์€ ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์‹ค๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์–ด๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋ด,
12:16
I must be going crazy. There's something wrongย  with me psychologically because I thought myย ย 
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๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒ ์–ด.
12:24
laptop was stolen. And my father who I trustย  is telling me I didn't even have a laptop.ย ย 
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๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์„ ๋„๋‚œ๋‹นํ•œ ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
So as you can see, it's a very severe word and itย  has very negative consequences. So get comfortableย ย 
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„
12:43
with these example sentences to see how you canย  use gaslighting in your speech. Now let's go backย ย 
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ง€์„ธ์š” . ์ด์ œ
12:51
to our article now that you know what gaslightingย  is in this age of MIS information, misinformation.ย ย 
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์ด MIS ์ •๋ณด, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
So notice when we add this miss on to information,ย  Miss Information is false, false information.ย ย 
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฝ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Which is interesting because we can take ourย  word lead, lead someone, but when you add mythsย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:19
in front of it, it means that you're falselyย  leading them. So it's the same suffix in aย ย 
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๊ทธ ์•ž์— ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์ง“์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:26
way. So just remember information but if you addย  myths, it means false information. In this age ofย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:33
false information, fake news, conspiracy theories,ย  Twitter, trolls, and deep fakes. gaslighting hasย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์ •๋ณด, ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค, ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก , ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ, ํŠธ๋กค, ๋”ฅ ํŽ˜์ดํฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—. ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€
13:42
emerged as a word for our time. Merriam Websterย  said in a statement on Monday, notice here hasย ย 
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Merriam Webster๋Š” ์›”์š”์ผ ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์•Œ๋ฆผ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
emerged This is our present perfect is a completedย  action in the past that has an impact on theย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:59
present. The impact is now everybody is talkingย  about this. It's the word of the year. And noticeย ย 
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. ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:07
gaslighting is singular. So that's why we haveย  has it would be conjugated as it it has emerged.ย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:19
Curiously, Search interest in the word was notย  driven by any single event, the company's editorย ย 
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š”
14:28
at large told The Associated Press. So notice hereย  curiously, now watch my face curiously. Hmm, hmm.ย ย 
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APํ†ต์‹ ์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ด์ œ ๋‚ด ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ํ , ํ .
14:38
So they're saying this to say, Well, isn'tย  that interesting? Hmm. Curiously, so they'reย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์•„? ํ . ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
14:45
saying they're surprised by this? Curiously, soย  you can add that when you want your audience toย ย 
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๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”? ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”
14:53
understand that it's not something you expected?ย  So you might say it curiously, she turned downย ย 
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? ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:05
the promotion. So when you turn something down,ย  you do not accept the offer. So you can say,ย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
curiously, she did not accept the promotion.ย  That's the meaning of to turn down is she didย ย 
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์Šน์ง„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
15:25
not accept, but we would expect her to accept theย  promotion. Right? So if I say curiously, why didย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ง„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ? ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด
15:36
she do that? Hmm, it makes you think about it,ย  it makes you wonder. It's not what you expect itย ย 
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„๊นŒ? ํ , ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:46
surge interest in the word was notย  driven by Okay. Was not driven by.ย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์€ ์˜ค์ผ€์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:57
So this is a great expression. Notice theย  sentence structure because this is advanced,ย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
16:02
something is driven by something.ย  Now, this is another way of saying,ย ย 
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋™๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:13
caused by when you want to provide the reasonย  why. So I could say recent sales were driven byย ย 
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. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:30
Black Friday. So of course, allย  prices are reduced on Black Friday,ย ย 
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. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ํ• ์ธ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
16:38
right? There's promotions. So I could sayย  recent sales were driven by Black Friday.ย ย 
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? ํ”„๋กœ๋ชจ์…˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
This is another way of saying we're caused by whenย  I want to provide the REASON CAUSE so I can sayย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ REASON CAUSE๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:55
driven by or caused by now notice the sentenceย  structure because this is in the passive form,ย ย 
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17:02
recent sales. This is plural, there's moreย  than one. So I mean, I need my verb to be.ย ย 
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. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ๋ง์€ ์ œ ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ be๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
They, they were I need my plural form of the verbย  to be and it's in the past simple because it'sย ย 
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They, they were I need my plural of the verb to be and it's in the past simple because it's
17:19
the passive voice. Now driven does not changeย  because it's in the passive. If I wanted to putย ย 
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์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ. ์ด์ œ Driven์€ ์ˆ˜๋™ํƒœ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:26
this in the active sentence, what would I doย  any ideas? I need to start with Black Fridayย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Šฅ๋™ํƒœ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ? ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:37
drove recent sales drove is in the past simpleย  drive, drove driven I'll write that down for you.ย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค ์šด์ „ ์šด์ „์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์šด์ „, ์šด์ „ ์šด์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
Drive drove driven those are our three forms asย  you can see it's a regular black friday droveย ย 
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Drive Drive Driven ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๊ทœ ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:02
recent sales that's the active in the passiveย  recent sales were driven by black Friday's soย ย 
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์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ํŒจ์‹œ๋ธŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
18:09
this is our active active so that's an advancedย  structure that will sound really great addingย ย 
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€
18:20
to your speech. Let's continue. It was a wordย  looked up frequently every single day of the year.ย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์—. ๊ณ„์†ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค. 1 ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋งค์ผ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
Peter SOCO SoCo, lo ski, your guess is as good asย  mine. Peter Socolow ski told the US wire service.ย ย 
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Peter SOCO SoCo, lo ski, ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์€ ๋‚˜๋งŒํผ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Peter Socolow ์Šคํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์‹  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:43
So notice here our phrasal verb to look somethingย  up. This is another way of saying to search for,ย ย 
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋™์‚ฌ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์„ธ์š” . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ฉฐ Google ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
18:52
and we use it specifically with internet searchesย  with Google searches. When you're trying to findย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
18:59
information. It was a word looked up. So this isย  very common. Someone might ask you can you look upย ย 
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. ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค์žฅ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
when the store closes? So they want you to look itย  up? They want you to Google? When does the storeย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด Google์— ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ ๋ฌธ์„
19:18
closed? They want you to find the informationย  and then share the information with them. Canย ย 
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๋‹ซ๋‚˜์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:25
you look up when the store closes? Did you lookย  that up yet? So they're a few minutes later, anย ย 
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๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„์ง ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ํ›„, ํ•œ
19:34
hour later? Hey, did you look that up yet? Yeah,ย  I looked it up. But I couldn't find anything.ย ย 
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์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ›„? ์ด๋ด, ์•„์ง ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์–ด? ์˜ˆ, ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
Let me call them. So you're saying you triedย  to you looked it up? You Googled it? But thereย ย 
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์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€์š” ? ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์–ด? ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
19:55
was no information available online so youย  have to call them So very common phrasal verbย ย 
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค
20:06
gaslighting derives its origins from Hamilton'sย  Victorian era play set in London, about a middleย ย 
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๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์˜ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
20:14
class marriage based on lies and deceit. Thatย  makes sense, right? Because gaslighting is allย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๊ณผ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€
20:21
about lying to someone misleading someoneย  remember misleading Miss Information to tryย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฏธ์Šค ์ธํฌ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์€
20:29
to make someone think they're losing their graspย  on reality they're going crazy. lead characterย ย 
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ฏธ์ณ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต
20:37
Jacques Manningham seeks to convince his wifeย  Bella that she is going insane. So insane isย ย 
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Jacques Manningham์€ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ฒจ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์ด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
20:46
another way of saying you're losing your grasp onย  reality, including by saying she is imagining theย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:54
dimming of the Gaslight in their home. Oh,ย  this is interesting. This is interesting,ย ย 
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. ์˜ค, ์ด๊ฑฐ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ์ด
21:01
because it shows you where the word comes from.ย  Because isn't it weird gaslighting? What is that?ย ย 
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๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ƒ? ์ €๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์—์š”?
21:09
What kind of word is that? Well, it's from thisย  play where this exact situation happened. Hmm.ย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์Œ, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ .
21:17
This is very interesting to me, at leastย  because I had no idea where this term came from.ย ย 
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์™”๋Š”์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:23
So the Gaslight is just the light. But of courseย  back in 1930s, they use gas to light their lampsย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋น›์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  1930๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
21:34
in their home. The play was twice adapted for theย  screen in the UK in 1940. Then in the US in 1944,ย ย 
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์ง‘์—์„œ ๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ 1940๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ 1944๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
21:44
the American version, which stars Ingrid Bergmanย  won two Academy Awards, and is preserved inย ย 
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์ž‰๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์ƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
21:52
the US National Film Registry as a culturally,ย  historically, or aesthetically significant work.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜ํ™” ๋“ฑ๋ก๋ถ€์— ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ.
22:00
So that just tells you about the importance ofย  the film, which I didn't know anything aboutย ย 
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:07
this film. So that's quite interesting. Now,ย  maybe I'll watch this film. But as Merriamย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ, ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Merriam
22:13
Webster notes, while the term referred primarilyย  to psychological manipulation in the 20th century,ย ย 
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Webster๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์ง€์นญํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ
22:21
its modern use is driven by the vast increase inย  channels and technologies used to mislead people,ย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
22:30
especially in personal and political contexts.ย  So this is interesting. They're saying,ย ย 
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. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
22:40
primarily, it was about psychological what Iย  didn't have a laptop, or what the light wasย ย 
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น›์ด
22:48
always this bright, they're trying to trickย  you psychologically. But they're saying now,ย ย 
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€
22:54
the word is evolving into using more general Missย  Information, remember, Miss Information, falseย ย 
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ Miss Information, ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ค, Miss Information, false
23:03
information. And here they're showing us again,ย  the word mislead, mislead, because there areย ย 
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
23:11
channels and technologies used to mislead people.ย  So there might be a channel telling you thatย ย 
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ค๋„, ์˜ค๋„๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
23:19
you should do this for some specific reason, butย  they're misleading you is false information. Andย ย 
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์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
23:27
it could be for a personal gain or a politicalย  gain as well. And notice, again, is driven by itsย ย 
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•Œ๋ฆผ์€
23:37
modern use, so it being the term gaslighting, soย  the modern use of the term gaslighting is drivenย ย 
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ผ์ดํŒ…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
23:47
by so it's caused by the vast increase vast meansย  a lot of vast increase. So it's a significantย ย 
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ
24:04
increase. That could be another way of thinkingย  of it. That's another very useful adjective,ย ย 
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์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:09
adjective to have significant in increase, vastย  increase. So these are just terms to say increaseย ย 
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
24:20
a lot, their adjective significant increase,ย  fast increase, so that's an adjective there.ย ย 
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๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:29
And significant increase, that's a very advancedย  adjective. And same with vast increase. Of course,ย ย 
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋™์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋งŽ์ด ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
24:35
it sounds a lot more advanced than saying itย  increased a lot. It increased a lot. There was aย ย 
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๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:41
significant increase, significant increase, thereย  was a vast increase. So that's a great advancedย ย 
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
24:49
adjective that you can use. And that's the end ofย  the article. So now you know all about gaslightingย ย 
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
24:56
the word of the year. So now I'm going to readย  the art article from start to finish. So you canย ย 
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์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด. ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:02
practice along with my pronunciation. gaslightingย  Merriam Webster Pink's its word of the year,ย ย 
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์ œ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ… Merriam Webster Pink๋Š”
25:13
when British playwright Patrick Hamiltonย  wrote gaslight in 1938. Little did heย ย 
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ทน์ž‘๊ฐ€ ํŒจํŠธ๋ฆญ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์ด 1938๋…„์— ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์„ ์ผ์„ ๋•Œ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š”
25:19
know how often the word would be usedย  in the 21st century. Merriam Webster,ย ย 
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์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
25:25
America's oldest dictionary publisher has justย  chosen gaslighting as its word of the year.ย ย 
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ถœํŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Merriam Webster๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌํ•ด์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:34
searches on his website for the word have spikedย  by 1,740% in 2022. According to the company,ย ย 
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๊ทธ์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์€ 2022๋…„์— 1,740% ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
25:45
gaslighting is the act or practice of grosslyย  misleading someone, especially for one's ownย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
25:53
advantage. In this age of misinformationย  of fake news, conspiracy theories, Twitter,ย ย 
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. ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค, ์Œ๋ชจ๋ก , ํŠธ์œ„ํ„ฐ,
26:01
trolls and deep fakes. gaslighting has emergedย  as a word for our time, Merriam Webster said inย ย 
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ํŠธ๋กค ๋ฐ ๋”ฅ ํŽ˜์ดํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  Merriam Webster๋Š”
26:09
a statement on Monday, curiously, Search interestย  in the word was not driven by any single event,ย ย 
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์›”์š”์ผ ์„ฑ๋ช…์—์„œ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:16
the company's editor at large told Theย  Associated Press. It was a word lookedย ย 
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ํŽธ์ง‘์ž๋Š” Associated Press์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1
26:23
up frequently every single day of the year.ย  Peter Sacco lo ski told the US wire service.ย ย 
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๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ์ž์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Peter Sacco loski๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์‹  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
26:31
gaslighting derives its origins from Hamilton'sย  Victorian era play set in London about a middleย ย 
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋ผ์ดํŒ…์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ„ด์˜ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ทน์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
26:39
class marriage based on lies and deceit. leadย  character, Jack Manningham seeks to convinceย ย 
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๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง๊ณผ ์†์ž„์ˆ˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต Jack Manningham์€
26:46
his wife Bella that she is going insane, includingย  by saying she is imagining the dimming of the gasย ย 
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์•„๋‚ด Bella๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ฑ์ด ์–ด๋‘์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
26:55
light in their home. The play was twice adaptedย  for this screen in the UK in 1940. Then in the USย ย 
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. ์—ฐ๊ทน์€ 1940๋…„ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ด ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ์ƒ‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ 1944๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š”
27:04
in 1944, the American version, which stars Ingridย  Bergman won two Academy Awards and is preservedย ย 
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์ž‰๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ„์ „์ด ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ ์ƒ์„ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
27:12
in the US National Film Registry as a culturallyย  historically or aesthetically significant work.ย ย 
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜ํ™” ๋“ฑ๋ก์†Œ์— ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. .
27:20
But as Merriam Webster notes, while the termย  referred primarily to psychological manipulationย ย 
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Merriam Webster๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
27:26
in the 20th century, its modern use is driven byย  the vast increase in channels and technologiesย ย 
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€
27:34
used to mislead people, especially in personalย  and political context. Amazing job with thisย ย 
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์˜ค๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:43
article. Now you can look in the description belowย  this video and you'll see the link where you canย ย 
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. ์ด์ œ ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ
27:50
download the PDF that has all the grammar, theย  vocabulary and the sentence structure that weย ย 
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•, ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ PDF๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
27:57
reviewed today. And if you found this videoย  helpful, please hit the like button, shareย ย 
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. ์ด ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์•„์š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
28:01
it with your friends and of course subscribe.ย  And before you go, make sure you head on overย ย 
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์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ตฌ๋…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์—
28:05
to my website, JForrestEnglish.com and downloadย  your free speaking Guide. In this guide I shareย ย 
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์ œ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ JForrestEnglish.com์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ด ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์—์„œ๋Š”
28:10
six tips on how to speak English fluently andย  confidently and until next time, Happy studying!
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์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŒ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”!
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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